Review on critical technology development of avian radar system

Purpose This paper aims to review the critical technology development of avian radar system at airports. Design/methodology/approach After the origin of avian radar technology is discussed, the target characteristics of flying birds are analyzed, including the target echo amplitude, flight speed, flight height, trajectory and micro-Doppler. Four typical airport avian radar systems of Merlin, Accipiter, Robin and CAST are introduced. The performance of different modules such as antenna, target detection and tracking, target recognition and classification, analysis of bird information together determines the detection ability of avian radar. The performances and key technologies of the ubiquitous avian radar are summarized and compared with other systems, and their applications, deployment modes, as well as their advantages and disadvantages are introduced and analyzed. Findings The ubiquitous avian radar achieves the long-time integration of target echoes, which greatly improves detection and classification ability of the targets of birds or drones, even under strong background clutter at airport. In addition, based on the big data of bird situation accumulated by avian radar, the rules of bird activity around the airport can be mined to guide the bird avoidance work. Originality/value This paper presented a novel avian radar system based on ubiquitous digital radar technology. The authors’ experience has confirmed that this system can be effective for airport bird strike prevention and management. In the future, the avian radar system will see continued improvement in both software and hardware, as the system is designed to be easily extensible.

Archaeological investigations in the shallow seawater environment with electrical resistivity tomography

This work explores the applicability and effectiveness of electrical resistivity tomography in mapping archaeological relics in the shallow marine environment. The approach consists of a methodology based on numerical simulation models validated with comparison to field data. Numerical modelling includes the testing of different electrode arrays suitable for multi-channel resistivity instruments (dipole–dipole, pole–dipole, and gradient). The electrodes are placed at fixed positions either floating on the sea surface or submerged at the bottom of the sea. Additional tests are made concerning the resolving capabilities of electrical resistivity tomography with various seawater depths and target characteristics (dimensions and burial depth of the targets). Although valid a priori information, in terms of water resistivity and thickness, can be useful for constraining the inversion, it should be used judiciously to prevent erroneous information leading to misleading results. Finally, an application of the method at a field site is presented not only for verifying the theoretical results but also at the same time for proposing techniques to overcome problems that can occur due to the special environment. Numerical and field electrical resistivity tomography results indicated the utility of the method in reconstructing off-shore cultural features, demonstrating at the same time its applicability to be integrated in wider archaeological projects.

The Identification of the Biomarkers of Sheng-Ji Hua-Yu Formula Treated Diabetic Wound Healing Using Modular Pharmacology

Sheng-Ji Hua-Yu (SJHY) formula has been proved to reduce the severity of diabetic wound healing without significant adverse events in our previous clinical trials. However, based on multi-target characteristics, the regulatory network among herbs, ingredients, and hub genes remains to be elucidated. The current study aims to identify the biomarkers of the SJHY formula for the treatment of diabetic wound healing. First, a network of components and targets for the SJHY formula was constructed using network pharmacology. Second, the ClusterONE algorithm was used to build a modular network and identify hub genes along with kernel pathways. Third, we verified the kernel targets by molecular docking to select hub genes. In addition, the biomarkers of the SJHY formula were validated by animal experiments in a diabetic wound healing mice model. The results revealed that the SJHY formula downregulated the mRNA expression of Cxcr4, Oprd1, and Htr2a, while upregulated Adrb2, Drd, Drd4, and Hrh1. Besides, the SJHY formula upregulated the kernel pathways, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, and cAMP signaling pathway in the skin tissue homogenate of the diabetic wound healing mice model. In summary, this study identified the potential targets and kernel pathways, providing additional evidence for the clinical application of the SJHY formula for the treatment of diabetic wound healing.

Research on Building DSM Fusion Method Based on Adaptive Spline and Target Characteristic Guidance

In order to adapt to the actual scene of a stereo satellite observing the same area sequentially and improve the accuracy of the target-oriented 3D reconstruction, this paper proposed a building DSM fusion update method based on adaptive splines and target characteristic guidance. This method analyzed the target characteristics of surface building targets to explore their intrinsic geometric structure information, established a nonlinear fusion method guided by the target characteristics to achieve the effective fusion of multiple DSMs on the basis of maintaining the target structural characteristics, and supported the online updating of DSM to ensure the needs of practical engineering applications. This paper presented a DSM fusion method for surface building targets and finally conducted DSM fusion experiments using typical urban area images of different scenes. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can effectively constrain and improve the DSM of buildings, and the integrity of the overall construction of the target 3D model structure was significantly improved, indicating that this paper provides an effective and efficient DSM constraint method for buildings.

Little Between-Region and Between-Country Variance When People Form Impressions of Others

To what extent are perceivers’ first impressions of other individuals dictated by cultural background rather than personal idiosyncrasies? To address this question, we analyzed a globally diverse data set containing 11,481 adult participants’ ratings of 120 targets across 45 countries (2,597,624 total ratings). Across ratings of 13 traits, we found that perceivers’ idiosyncratic differences accounted for approximately 29% of variance and impressions on their own and approximately 16% in conjunction with target characteristics. However, country- and region-level differences, here a proxy for culture, accounted for 3.2% on average (i.e., both alone and in conjunction with target characteristics). We replicated this pattern of effects in a preregistered analysis on an entirely novel data set containing 7,007 participants’ ratings of 100 targets across 41 countries (24,886 total ratings). Together, these results suggest that perceivers’ impressions of other people are largely dictated by their individual characteristics and local environment rather than their cultural background.

Synergistic Attention for Ship Instance Segmentation in SAR Images

This paper takes account of the fact that there is a lack of consideration for imaging methods and target characteristics of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images among existing instance segmentation methods designed for optical images. Thus, we propose a method for SAR ship instance segmentation based on the synergistic attention mechanism which not only improves the performance of ship detection with multi-task branches but also provides pixel-level contours for subsequent applications such as orientation or category determination. The proposed method—SA R-CNN—presents a synergistic attention strategy at the image, semantic, and target level with the following module corresponding to the different stages in the whole process of the instance segmentation framework. The global attention module (GAM), semantic attention module(SAM), and anchor attention module (AAM) were constructed for feature extraction, feature fusion, and target location, respectively, for multi-scale ship targets under complex background conditions. Compared with several state-of-the-art methods, our method reached 68.7 AP in detection and 56.5 AP in segmentation on the HRSID dataset, and showed 91.5 AP in the detection task on the SSDD dataset.

Production of solid dosage forms of immunoglobulin products

At the moment, there are no scientific publications devoted to the technological aspects of production of immunoglobulin solid dosage forms. The aim of the study was to review Russian and foreign literature on production of immunoglobulin solid dosage forms, and present the results of the authors’ own research. The authors analysed data of the National Register of Medicines of the Russian Federation as of mid-2021 on the authorised medicines with a generic name ‘globulin in a solid dosage form’, and summarised their characteristics. They reviewed data on the qualitative and quantitative composition of excipients used in lyophilisation, preparation of tablets and capsules. A number of examples were used to illustrate the effect of technological parameters of immunoglobulin solid form production on the quality of the finished products. It was demonstrated that the production of solid forms of immunoglobulin products prevents aggregation and fragmentation of proteins during storage, which affect the product’s specific activity, and also help to preserve the product’s target characteristics for a longer period of time as compared to liquid dosage forms of immunoglobulins. The results of the study may be used as a basis for development of a manufacturing technology for solid forms of immunoglobulin products.

Little between-region and between-country variance when forming impressions of others

To what extent are perceivers’ first impressions of others dictated by cultural background versus personal idiosyncrasies? To address this question, we analyzed a globally diverse dataset containing 11,481 adult participants’ ratings of 120 targets across 45 countries (2,597,624 total ratings). Across ratings of 13 traits, we find that perceivers’ idiosyncratic differences accounted for ~29% of variance and impressions on their own and ~16% in conjunction with target characteristics. However, country- and region-level differences, here a proxy for culture, accounted for on average 3.2% (i.e., both alone and in conjunction with target characteristics). We replicated this pattern of effects in a pre-registered analysis on an entirely novel dataset containing 7,007 participants’ ratings of 100 targets across 41 countries (24,886 total ratings). Together, this work suggests that perceivers’ impressions of others are largely dictated by their individual characteristics and local environment, rather than their cultural background.

Effect of the Concentration of SrAl2O4: Eu2+and Dy3+ (SAO) on Characteristics and Properties of Environment-Friendly Long-Persistent Luminescence Composites from Polylactic Acid and SAO

We report luminous polylactic acid (PLA) composite prepared via a solvent casting method using different amounts of phosphor strontium aluminate (SrAl2O4: Eu2+ and Dy3+) (SAO). The reason for doing this is that the changes of fluorescence and mechanical properties in the composites with different SAO contents can be directly evaluated. The SAO particles should have a variety of excellent characteristics in the PLA matrix, among which dispersibility and compatibility are particularly important; so, they can be modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) to achieve the target characteristics. The results showed that the fluorescence and mechanical properties were affected by SAO addition. The mechanical properties significantly improved with 5 wt% SAO; further, addition had no impact. And the emission band of fluorescence and phosphorescence is just at the peak of 524 nm. The composites with 15 wt% SAO have the best fluorescence properties. The fluorescence decreased with further doping. Fluorescence decay curves with various amounts of SAO particles show a similar tendency as pure SAO particles; the speed of decrease in afterglow intensity was higher for the first 30 min. In addition, the detailed morphological scanning and study by scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the particles had good adhesion to the matrix. In conclusion, the concentration of SAO into the PLA matrix impacts the fluorescence and mechanical properties of a SAO/PLA composite material.