Recurrent bilateral frontal lobe lesion with maladaptive schema modes and PTSD symptoms: a case study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sabir Zaman ◽  
Kehkashan Arouj ◽  
Shahid Irfan
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Schema Modes ◽  
Brain Tumour Patient ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Tumour Patient ◽  
Frontal Lobe Lesion

Abstract The frontal lobe is responsible for high-order functioning, such as memory, attention, decision-making, and personality. Lesions in the frontal lobe may lead to different physical and psychological problems. The current study was conducted to examine the emotional, cognitive, and behavioural states and coping strategies of a patient with recurrent bilateral frontal lobe lesion. It also attempted to determine post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a patient. This study described the case of an adult with recurrent bilateral frontal lobe tumour. It covered the clinical presentation, administration of Urdu translation of the Schema Mode Inventory (SMI) and Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5), and analysis of the case. The results of the study showed that the recurrent bilateral frontal lobe brain tumour patient engaged in child mode and had a dysfunctional coping style and a maladaptive punitive parent mode. Furthermore, the patient also had moderate PTSD symptoms. Continuous....

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Coping Strategies: A Case Study of a Family of a War Stricken Soldier

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Gamal Abdulhamed Gado
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Thematic Apperception Test ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Thematic Apperception ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
And Coping

The current study aimed to knowing the level of PTSD among a family of a War Stricken Soldier (the wife and eldest daughter), and knowing the clinical indications for PTSD symptoms to the cases, also it aimed to search about the coping strategies which the wife and the eldest adopted and study the effect of these coping strategies on relieving PTSD symptoms, and it aimed to knowing the dynamic motivations for the cases responses on the TAT cards, that underlie the emergence of PTSD symptoms and the adoption of specific coping strategies. Several tools were used, Semi Structured interview, Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), Davidson Scale for Post-Traumatic Stress, Post-Traumatic Coping Strategies Scale. The study results indicated to the existence of mild level on PTSD to the wife, and moderate level to the daughter, Problem-solving strategies have emerged as the wife's strongest coping strategies, and avoidance strategies have emerged as the daughter's strongest coping strategies. The responses of the two cases on TAT and the analysis of their latent dynamic motivations are discussed.

Maladaptive schema modes as the predictor of post-traumatic stress disorder among trauma survivors

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sabir Zaman ◽  
Kehkashan Arouj ◽  
Shahid Irfan ◽  
Ishrat Yousaf
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Trauma Survivors ◽  
Orthopedic Trauma ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Schema Modes ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Maladaptive Schema

Abstract Objectives: To study the relationship between dysfunctional schema modes and post-traumatic stress disorder among trauma survivors. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in public hospital (Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences) Islamabad, Pakistan, from March 2019 to August 2019. Two scales were used, Schema Mode Inventory (SMI) for assessment of maladaptive and adaptive schema, whereas, for PTSD assessment, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) was used.  Total 281 patients of TBI and orthopedic trauma were studied, of which 137 had been diagnosed with orthopedic trauma, 96 were TBI, and 48 had suffered from multiple injuries that were older than 18 years. Result: Simple linear regression showed that maladaptive schema mode was associated with PTSD. Moreover, the result showed that the prevalence of PTSD severity symptoms were greater in survivors with maladaptive than adaptive schema modes. Further result showed that PTSD Symptoms and dysfunctional schema modes were higher in moderate injured patient’s M (42.14) SD (7.36). In the same way, intentionally injured patient’s M (42.70) SD (6.92) and female trauma survivor’s M (42.05) SD (8.26) had higher PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrates that maladaptive schema mode leads to PTSD symptoms among trauma survivors with history of orthopedic injury, TBI and multiple injury patients. Keywords: PTSD Symptoms, Maladaptive Schema Modes, Continuous....

scholarly journals Psychological effects of Terrorism on News Reporters: A Case Study of Peshawar Press Club

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
Ajmal Khan ◽  
Raja Arslan Ahmad Khan ◽  
Mamoona Ismail Loona
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Simple Language ◽  
Post Traumatic

The objective of this study is to determine the frequency and severity of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms in journalists of Peshawar. A self-report 17-items questionnaire based on PTSD civilian version (PCL-C) was administered to 252 working journalists of Peshawar Press Clubs. The findings revealed that 17.3% of journalists exhibit extreme while 31.1% show higher PTSD symptoms. Since this paper is aimed at journalists, their unions, media houses and NGOs, therefore, specialized jargons of psychiatric literature have been avoided. Instead, simple language has been used. The paper stresses the need that psychiatric establishment and media industry should build a joint body of knowledge to create awareness and a conducive environment for journalists to seek counselling. Although the law-and-order situation has now improved, there is a dire need for post-conflict reflexivity. Also, PTSD symptoms sometimes appear at quite later stages.

Life Perspective and Social Health in Acid Burn Victims (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unsa Athar ◽  
Saad-Ur Rahman ◽  
Hafeez Ur Rehman ◽  
Waqar Ahmed ◽  
Shaarif Kaleem
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Young Sister ◽  
Burn Victims ◽  
Negative Change ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Socially Isolated

UNSTRUCTURED ABSTRACT: Life perspective, behavior, feelings and social health changes in a victim of acid burn attack. Objective: To determine the changes and life perspective and social health in acid burn victims. Study Design: Case report study Study Duration and Place: The study was conducted in 6-month duration in the department of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Methodology: This is a case study of unmarried woman and her young sister, who suffered acid burn violence. Two sessions were held. First was to develop the rapport while the second was an in depth interview. Data were collected using a question guide, and was analyzed using Grounded theory. Results: The patient suffered from structural and functional loss after the incident and also suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder. She feels socially stigmatized and isolated. Her life perspective has changed. She received informal social support but required formal social rehabilitation. Lack of legislation has made her feel hopeless because she has not received justice. Conclusion: Our patient is a 20 years old woman, who suffered from an acid throwing attack from a neighbor. Her young sister who was sleeping beside suffered too. The incident has led to a negative change in her behavior, feelings, and life perspective. She is socially isolated. She has had informal support but she needs better formal support. The need of the hour is improvement of public sector rehabilitation for acid burn victims and proper legislation. Keywords: Acid burn victims. Life perspective, social health

scholarly journals Genes and hormones of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in post-traumatic stress disorder. What is their role in symptom expression and treatment response?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Fischer ◽  
Tabea Schumacher ◽  
Christine Knaevelsrud ◽  
Ulrike Ehlert ◽  
Sarah Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Alternative Treatments ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background Less than half of all individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remit spontaneously and a large proportion of those seeking treatment do not respond sufficiently. This suggests that there may be subgroups of individuals who are in need of augmentative or alternative treatments. One of the most frequent pathophysiological findings in PTSD is alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, including enhanced negative feedback sensitivity and attenuated peripheral cortisol. Given the role of the HPA axis in cognition, this pattern may contribute to PTSD symptoms and interfere with key processes of standard first-line treatments, such as trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT). Methods This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current state of research regarding the role of HPA axis functioning in PTSD symptoms and treatment. Results Overall, there is preliminary evidence that hypocortisolaemia contributes to symptom manifestation in PTSD; that it predicts non-responses to TF-CBT; and that it is subject to change in parallel with positive treatment trajectories. Moreover, there is evidence that genetic and epigenetic alterations within the genes NR3C1 and FKBP5 are associated with this hypocortisolaemic pattern and that some of these alterations change as symptoms improve over the course of treatment. Conclusions Future research priorities include investigations into the role of the HPA axis in day-to-day symptom variation, the time scale in which biological changes in response to treatment occur, and the effects of sex. Furthermore, before conceiving augmentative or alternative treatments that target the described mechanisms, multilevel studies are warranted.

Association Between Intimate Partner Violence Subtypes and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Hazardous Substance Use

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110219
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Yalch ◽  
Sloane R. M. Rickman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common problem for women in the United States and is associated with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as hazardous use of substances like alcohol and drugs. However, not all subtypes of IPV (i.e., physical, sexual, and psychological) are equally predictive of PTSD and hazardous substance use. Although previous research suggests that psychological IPV has the strongest relative effect on PTSD symptoms and substance use, there is less research on IPV subtypes’ cumulative effects. In this study, we examined the relative and cumulative effects of physical, sexual, and psychological IPV on PTSD symptoms and hazardous substance use in a sample of women in the United States recruited via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk ( N = 793) using bootstrapped multiple regression and configural frequency analyses. Results suggest that physical IPV had the most pronounced influence (medium-large effect sizes) on substance use across women, but that the cumulative effects of all three IPV subtypes were most closely associated with diagnostic levels of both PTSD and substance use at the level of groups of women. These findings clarify and extend previous research on the differential effects of IPV subtypes and provide directions for future research and clinical intervention.

scholarly journals Pharmacotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Hoskins ◽  
Jennifer Pearce ◽  
Andrew Bethell ◽  
Liliya Dankova ◽  
Corrado Barbui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundPharmacological treatment is widely used for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) despite questions over its efficacy.AimsTo determine the efficacy of all types of pharmacotherapy, as monotherapy, in reducing symptoms of PTSD, and to assess acceptability.MethodA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials was undertaken; 51 studies were included.ResultsSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were found to be statistically superior to placebo in reduction of PTSD symptoms but the effect size was small (standardised mean difference −0.23, 95% CI −0.33 to −0.12). For individual pharmacological agents compared with placebo in two or more trials, we found small statistically significant evidence of efficacy for fluoxetine, paroxetine and venlafaxine.ConclusionsSome drugs have a small positive impact on PTSD symptoms and are acceptable. Fluoxetine, paroxetine and venlafaxine may be considered as potential treatments for the disorder. For most drugs there is inadequate evidence regarding efficacy for PTSD, pointing to the need for more research in this area.

Sixty years later: post-traumatic stress symptoms and current psychopathology in former German children of World War II

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 955-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Kuwert ◽  
Carsten Spitzer ◽  
Anna Träder ◽  
Harald J. Freyberger ◽  
Michael Ermann
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
World War ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Trauma Impact ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
German Children

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the amount of trauma impact, post-traumatic stress symptoms and current psychopathological distress in a sample of former German children of World War II.Methods: 93 participants were recruited through the local press, and assessed using the modified Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) and the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R).Results: Subjects reported a high qualitative and quantitative degree of trauma exposure. 13.8% reported PTSD-related symptoms after the war, and 10.8% reported current symptoms. PTSD symptoms after World War II were significantly correlated with current psychopathological distress.Conclusions: In line with other studies, our data document a high degree of trauma exposure during warchildhood. In comparison with other studies on PTSD in warchildren, there is a persisting high prevalence of war-associated PTSD symptoms in this sample. Despite some methodological limitations, our data underline the urgent need for further studies on the ageing group of former children of World War II.

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