scholarly journals Competing Nationality Politics Targeting German Communities at the Hungarian-Romanian Border Zone after the Great War

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (22) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Levente Szilágyi
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Great War ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Ethnic Category ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Strong Competition ◽  
The Great War

In my study, I focus on the events that took place in the short period after the Great War ended (1918) and before the consolidation of Romanian power in the Hungarian-Romanian Border Commission (1922) from the point of view of the artificially created ethnic category: the Satu Mare Swabians or Sathmar Swabians. The historiography related to the “ethnographic” aspects of these events have appeared multiple times and in several contexts and forms in the years since. However, the question of ethnicity has not arisen in relation to the population of German descent, but rather in relation to the Hungarian-speaking Greek Catholic communities of Romanian and Rusyn/Ruthenian origin who were treated by the Romanian side as Magyarized Romanians. Following this example, the Romanians later began to collect data on the Magyarized Germans, which they then presented to the Border Commission. Germans living in the territory witnessed a strong competition between identity politics and discourse supported by rival Hungarian and Romanian states. One of the key features of this rivalry was the intensive propaganda activity promoted by both the Romanian and the Hungarian authorities to gain territories to the detriment of the other.

Patriotic Gifts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Grillot
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Great War ◽  
Historical Anthropology ◽  
Interracial Interactions ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Great War

This chapter looks at these interracial interactions from the point of view of Indians in an effort at writing a historical anthropology of Indian patriotism. At the core of Indians' military participation and commemoration of the Great War, the practice of giving, to non-Indians or to Indians, to outsiders or to insiders, to family members or to complete strangers, structured the expression of patriotism in Indian communities. Examining Memorial and Armistice Days, in particular, this chapter looks at the role these holidays played in allowing Indians to maintain boundaries with their white neighbors and develop a series of adaptations of patriotic symbols and ceremonies that acclimatized patriotism for reservation life on an unprecedented scale.

scholarly journals On the mesodermic origin and the fate of the so-called mesectoderm in petromyzon

1915 ◽  
Vol 88 (606) ◽  
pp. 457-475 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Note ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great War ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Epithelial Structure ◽  
Principal Points ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Branchial Region

About 20 years ago v. Kupffer (85) described in the embryos of Petromyzon an epithelial structure extending, between the ectoderm and the somatic plate of the mesoderm, from the head to the posterior boundary of the branchial region, and described it under the name of the neurodermis; subsequently, he bestowed on it the name branchiodermis. Seventeen years later the same structure was again discovered by Koltzoff (02), who identified it with the mesectoderm which was described by Miss Piatt (94) in Necturus embryos. Subsequently, so far as Petromyzon is concerned, nothing was published until last year, when a paper by Sehalk (13) appeared, although the corresponding layer of cells was described by A. Dohrn (02) in Selachii and by Brauer (04) in Gymnophiona. For a long time the origin and fate of the layer in question engaged my attention. Last summer I was able to re-examine my sections and to confirm observations which I had previously published in a paper entitled “Die Bildungsweise und erste Differenzierung des Mesoderms beim Neunauge ( Lampetra mitsukurii , Hatta),” in which, the origin and differentiation of the so-called mesectoderm are described and illustrated by a series of microphotographs. To my regret the paper, which was ready for press when the great war broke out, could not be sent to the editor of a certain scientific journal in Belgium, who had promised to publish it in his journal. The present note is an attempt to communicate some of the principal points of that paper which relate to the mesectoderm. The other organs dealt with in the above-mentioned paper have already been described in preliminary notes or in my previous papers.

Mastering Revolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
International System ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Labour Organization ◽  
Great War ◽  
Supreme Council ◽  
Paris Peace Conference ◽  
The Great War

Revolution in various forms had been endemic to the Great War. The Paris Peace Conference sought not so much to oppose revolution as to master it in the formation of a new international system. It created the International Labour Organization to institutionalize a transnational approach to labor relations, and thus head off worker unrest as a source of revolution. The Mandate Principle put all mandates at least theoretically on the path to independence, however indefinite the period of tutelage. The Mandate Principle, at least discursively, provided a means of pre-empting anti-colonialism as a source of international instability. The conference also sought to master revolution in successor states. Recognizing Czechoslovakia as a model liberal democracy provided a template ill-suited to recognizing the other successor states. The war between Romania and Hungary in 1919–20 left the Supreme Council with recognition as its only means to control the behavior of successor states.

Digital platforms: mapping the territory of new technologies to fight food waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 1647-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Cane ◽  
Carmen Parra
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Responsible Consumption

PurposeThe reduction of food waste is still a pending issue that governments have still not resolved. In response to this problem mobile platforms are emerging that follow food ecology and the responsible consumption of food, and self-management of their access to allow the communication between people and their use of food. In this paper, the authors will analyze the main digital platforms that deal with solving this problem, especially those that fulfill a social commitment through the distribution and reduction of waste.Design/methodology/approachTo provide solutions, the authors will address the importance of new technologies in the fight against waste, using digital platforms to manage food and to eliminate the loss in surplus products. To do this, the authors will first analyze from a theoretical point of view the concepts of “loss”, “waste” and “surplus product”, incorporating data of their impact between Spain and Italy. Next, the authors will analyze the influence of new technologies in the detection and distribution of products destined to become food waste. To carry out this qualitative research, the authors will apply the research strategy of theory building from multiple case studies (particularly 16 different digital platforms against food waste were analyzed), which is a methodological approach that uses cases as the basis to develop theory inductively.FindingsThe authors must make the public aware of the importance of being responsible consumers. To this end, the authors must disclose the problems associated with food waste and surplus product, presenting alternatives and new consumption habits. For this, it is necessary to collaborate and build synergies with organizations of different origins (consumers, producers and activists) involved in sustainable agrifood models. In this sense, digital platforms are essential tools to fight against food waste, preventing certain products from being considered unfit for human consumption. In this study, the authors suggest that, based on the review of the literature and the analysis of apps and blogs, the authors look for solutions to surplus and food waste both from the environment of the entrepreneur and the consumer and all using the new technologies.Research limitations/implicationsThe research has raised different limitations. On the one hand, it is a subject that has not been analyzed from a doctrinal point of view, so it is not easy to find bibliographic references. On the other hand, digital platforms that act on food waste are not cataloged. This has made it difficult to search for elements of analysis to obtain results in the work. Finally, the sample can vary in a short period of time since the digital platforms are in a boom, which means that they constantly change.Practical implicationsThis work allows a theoretical approach to the concepts of “loss”, “wastage” and “surplus product”, incorporating data on its impact in Spain and Italy, comparing it with the rest of Europe while providing figures and data on their impact. On the other hand, it allows us to know how new technologies can help the detection and distribution of products destined to become food waste. Finally, there are examples of platforms that are offering service in different areas, incorporating a novel classification that allows us to know the differences depending on their origin and destination.Originality/valueThe originality of the work can be summarized in the following points: There are no doctrinal works that analyze in a combined way the food waste with the new technologies; The relationship with the 2030 Agenda in which responsible consumption is one of the achievements pursued by the United Nations, and the authors position the study’s research as an evidence of platforms that are currently working in the interest of reducing food waste. Furthermore, the authors provide an early classification of platforms based on their usability and objectives of reducing, reusing and recycling food.

Prelude: Beginnings

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
William Brooks ◽  
Christina Bashford ◽  
Gayle Magee
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Great War ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
American Composers ◽  
Western Front ◽  
Present Volume ◽  
The Great War ◽  
A Performance

The path to this volume has occupied nearly the full duration of the centennial of the Great War. The three collaborators and coeditors (who are still friends, amazingly) began by organizing a pair of international conferences: Over Here and Over There (University of York, England, February 27–28, 2015); and 1915: Music, Memory, and the Great War (University of Illinois, March 10–11, 2015). The first of these, conducted in tandem with an undergraduate module taught by William Brooks, included numerous performances, presentations, and exhibits by students and scholars, including Gayle Magee, Christina Bashford, and Deniz Ertan, each of whom has contributed to the present volume. The second conference included papers by many of the other authors represented here, with yet others in attendance; it included a performance by a Canadian troupe that re-created an entertainment given by Canada’s legendary “Dumbells” at the western front during the war and a recital by tenor Justin Vickers and pianist Geoffrey Duce, who presented multiple settings by English and American composers of the iconic text “In Flanders Fields.”...

Explaining the 1914 War in Europe

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-124
Author(s):  
Frank C. Zagare
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Incomplete Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
International History ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
The One ◽  
The Great War

This chapter focuses on the outbreak of World War I, which remains one of the most perplexing events of international history. It should be no surprise that rationalist interpretations of the July Crisis are a diverse lot, ranging from the sinister to the benign. This chapter constructs a theoretically rigorous rationalist explanation of World War I, the 1914 European war that involved Austria–Hungary, Germany, Russia, and France. On the one hand, this chapter confirms the view that one does not have to take a particularly dark view of German intentions to explain the onset of war in 1914; on the other hand, it also calls into question the “accidental war” thesis. A number of related questions about the Great War are addressed in the context of a generic game-theoretic escalation model with incomplete information.

The Other West End

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-316
Author(s):  
Rohan McWilliam
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great War ◽  
The West ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The Way

This chapter provides a conclusion to the book. It shows that by 1900 the West End functioned as the heart of empire. This was evident in the Mafeking celebrations but also in the way West End shows helped explain the empire to the British. The conservatism of West End culture provided a backdrop for popular imperialism. Whilst the book has emphasized the West End as the source of a conservative consensus, it ends by drawing on the experience of working-class people to show how its opulence could be the source of resentment and conflict. The chapter discusses the Blood Sunday riots which took place in the pleasure district and ends with the Suffragettes window smashing campaign where women attacked an area that was built to attract them. On the eve of the Great War, the West End served as a magnet for protest and pleasure.

The Need for the Development of Political Science Engineering

1932 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry S. Dennison
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Great War ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
War Experience ◽  
The Great War

In the early days of factory management, when the problems and conditions were relatively simple, it fell to the lot of all sorts of human folk to manage the various jobs involved. Each used his own peculiar method and, naturally enough, it came into general belief that ability in management was an instinctive knack, that managers were born, not made, that few if any rules could be laid down, and that little could be learned by one from another. Even in the earliest days, a small handful of men called attention to the fact that management measures and forms of organization could be better or worse adapted to their uses; but for generations the suggestion passed unheeded.As the problems and conditions of factory management grew more complex and exacting, more men came to believe that the art of management was something more than an intuitive and highly personal knack. Before the Great War, a fair nucleus was beginning to study the art from the point of view of the forces involved, and with an eye to causes and effects. And the war experience of manufacturing strange materials, shifting conditions upside down, built up this nucleus into a very fair working minority.

Element 61—Promethium

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Scerri
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Periodic System ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great War ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Great War

The last of our seven elements to be isolated was element 61, which is also the only rare earth among the seven. The problem with rare earths, which are 15 or even 17 in number depending on precisely how they are counted, is that they are extremely similar to each other and as a result are very difficult to separate. When the periodic table was first discovered in the 1860s only two or three rare earths even existed. As more of them turned up it became increasingly difficult to place them in the periodic system. Just like with all the other seven elements in our story, there were many false claims to its discovery. Moreover, the early claims must have seemed very plausible at the time because they appeared to draw support from X-ray evidence and Moseley’s law. Just like the priority dispute involving hafnium that took place in the early 1920s, the case of element 61 also involved an international controversy. This time one cannot entirely blame the aftermath of the Great War, as the two opponents consisted of Italians and Americans, with much of the scientific chicanery taking place, as was usual for the time, in the pages of London’s Nature magazine. But even though both sides of the priority dispute appealed to X-ray data and Moseley’s law, it turned out that neither side was right. In their own way, each side was working in complete delusion, since element 61 is highly radioactive and unstable, does not occur naturally on Earth, and could only be isolated in minute quantities by artificial means when such methods became sufficiently developed in the 1940s. Let us start at the beginning. In 1902, the Bohemian rare earth chemist Bohuslav Brauner was the first to suggest that an element lying precisely between neodymium and samarium remained to be discovered. He gave talks in his native Bohemia and published articles in some fairly obscure journals, all of which meant that few chemists in the wider arena became aware of his work.

From the Bulletin International des Sociétés de la Croix Rouge to the International Review of the Red Cross: The Great War as a revelator

2018 ◽  
Vol 100 (907-909) ◽  
pp. 97-113
Author(s):  
Annette Becker
Keyword(s):  
International Committee ◽  
The Other ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Great War ◽  
International Review ◽  
The One ◽  
The Great War

AbstractDuring the Great War, the Bulletin International des Sociétés de la Croix Rouge covered the immense work of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (National Societies). This article focuses on one particular angle of that work: the tensions and even contradictions between the ICRC's duty of neutrality and impartiality, on the one hand, and the national and sometimes nationalistic commitments of National Societies, which were naturally opposed to each other in wartime, on the other. While some of the Bulletin’s articles revealed real advances in thought on war and the protection of victims, others reflected the inertia caused by this fundamental contradiction.

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