scholarly journals Correlation of Human and Horse Heart Rates During Equine-Assisted Therapy Sessions with At-Risk Youths: A Pilot Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macy Drinkhouse ◽  
Sheri SW Birmingham ◽  
Robyn Fillman ◽  
Holly Jedlicka
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Equine Assisted Therapy ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Rate Correlation ◽  
Equine Assisted ◽  
Therapy Sessions

Minimal research has been done to examine the cause of the positive results of animal-assisted therapy.  This study examines the correlation between horse and human heart rate, an involuntary stress response, which may allow the mechanisms of potential therapeutic benefits to be further understood. Horse and human heart rates were recorded during equine-assisted therapy sessions, compared, and the significance of human/horse heart rate correlation was documented. Results indicate that each incidence of correlating changes in the heart rates appeared to be the result of external stimuli. Findings are discussed and recommendations for future trials with controlled environments are made.

scholarly journals Pilot Study of the Influence of Equine Assisted Therapy on Physiological and Behavioral Parameters Related to Welfare of Horses and Patients

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3527
Author(s):  
María Dolores Ayala ◽  
Andrea Carrillo ◽  
Pilar Iniesta ◽  
Pedro Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Life Quality ◽  
Saturation Temperature ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Patient Interaction ◽  
Equine Assisted Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Equine Assisted ◽  
Therapy Sessions

Different welfare indicators were studied in three patients with psychomotor alterations and in two horses throughout 9–10 equine assisted therapy sessions in each patient. In horses, heart and respiratory rates, blood pressure, temperature and behavioral signs were studied. In patients, heart rate, oxygen saturation, temperature, sleep quality, psychomotor and emotional parameters were analyzed. Data collection was recorded in the anticipatory phase (15 min before the start of the session), two interaction phases (after 30 min of horse-patient interaction on the ground and on horseback, respectively) and the recovery phase (15 min after the end of the session). During the anticipatory phase, most of physiological parameters of patients and horses and the stress behavioral signs of horses increased, followed by a relaxing phase during the horse-patient interaction on the ground. In horse-patient riding phase the heart and respiratory rates of the horses again increased. These results showed that the horses did not seem to suffer stress attributable to the therapy sessions, but only an increase in their parameters associated with activity and external stimuli. The patients improved their gross and fine motor skills, their cognitive and perceptual-sensitive parameters and it led to an improvement in the life quality of their families.

A Physiological Approach to the Study of Attachment: The Mother's Attention and Her infant's Heart Rate

1974 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Meares ◽  
Thomas Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Habituation Rate ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Physiological Approach ◽  
And Control ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Attachment Behaviour

Mothers and their neonatal babies were studied during breast-feeding and control periods. Those mothers whose attention to external stimuli diminished during feeding, when this was inferred from habituation rate, had babies whose heart rates significantly increased during feeding. On the other hand, mothers who did not show the expected relative inattention to external stimuli during feeding had babies whose heart rate did not significantly increase when they were fed. The possible relevance of these findings to the study of attachment behaviour is considered.

scholarly journals Effects of interoceptive accuracy in autonomic responses to external stimuli based on cardiac rhythm

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256914
Author(s):  
Yuto Tanaka ◽  
Yuri Terasawa ◽  
Satoshi Umeda
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Autonomic Reactivity ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Cardiac Reactivity ◽  
Accuracy Study ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
Bodily State ◽  
External Stimuli

Interoceptive accuracy is an index of the ability to perceive an individual’s internal bodily state, including heartbeat and respiration. Individual differences in interoceptive accuracy influence emotional recognition through autonomic nervous activity. However, the precise mechanism by which interoceptive accuracy affects autonomic reactivity remains unclear. Here, we investigated how cardiac reactivity induced by a non-affective external rhythm differed among individuals, using a heartbeat counting task. Because individuals with poor interoceptive accuracy cannot distinguish an external rhythm from their cardiac cycles, it has been hypothesized that the interoceptive effect on heart rate works differently in individuals with good interoceptive accuracy and those with poor interoceptive accuracy. Study participants observed a visual or auditory stimulus presented at a rhythm similar to the participants’ resting heart rates. The stimulus rhythm was gradually changed from that of their resting heart rate, and we recorded electrocardiographs while participants were exposed to the stimuli. Individuals with good interoceptive accuracy exhibited a deceleration in heart rate when the rhythm of the auditory stimulus changed. In contrast, in the group with poor interoceptive accuracy, the heart rate decreased only when the stimulus became faster. They were unable to distinguish the rhythm of their own heartbeat from that of the external rhythm; therefore, we propose that such individuals recognize the stimuli at the pace of their heart rate. Individuals with good interoceptive accuracy were able to distinguish their heart rates from the external rhythm. A modality difference was not observed in this study, which suggests that both visual and auditory stimuli help mimic heart rate. These results may provide physiological evidence that autonomic reactivity influences the perception of the internal bodily state, and that interoception and the autonomic state interact to some degree.

Human heart-rate operant conditioning with free versus controlled respiration

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. VanDercar ◽  
Neal E. Miller ◽  
Jay M. Weiss ◽  
Henry Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Human Heart

scholarly journals Heart Rate–Induced Myocardial Ca 2+ Retention and Left Ventricular Volume Loss in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel N. Silverman ◽  
Mehdi Rambod ◽  
Daniel L. Lustgarten ◽  
Robert Lobel ◽  
Martin M. LeWinter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Atrial Pacing ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

Background Increases in heart rate are thought to result in incomplete left ventricular (LV) relaxation and elevated filling pressures in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Experimental studies in isolated human myocardium have suggested that incomplete relaxation is a result of cellular Ca 2+ overload caused by increased myocardial Na + levels. We tested these heart rate paradigms in patients with HFpEF and referent controls without hypertension. Methods and Results In 22 fully sedated and instrumented patients (12 controls and 10 patients with HFpEF) in sinus rhythm with a preserved ejection fraction (≥50%) we assessed left‐sided filling pressures and volumes in sinus rhythm and with atrial pacing (95 beats per minute and 125 beats per minute) before atrial fibrillation ablation. Coronary sinus blood samples and flow measurements were also obtained. Seven women and 15 men were studied (aged 59±10 years, ejection fraction 61%±4%). Patients with HFpEF had a history of hypertension, dyspnea on exertion, concentric LV remodeling and a dilated left atrium, whereas controls did not. Pacing at 125 beats per minute lowered the mean LV end‐diastolic pressure in both groups (controls −4.3±4.1 mm Hg versus patients with HFpEF −8.5±6.0 mm Hg, P =0.08). Pacing also reduced LV end‐diastolic volumes. The volume loss was about twice as much in the HFpEF group (controls −15%±14% versus patients with HFpEF −32%±11%, P =0.009). Coronary venous [Ca 2+ ] increased after pacing at 125 beats per minute in patients with HFpEF but not in controls. [Na + ] did not change. Conclusions Higher resting heart rates are associated with lower filling pressures in patients with and without HFpEF. Incomplete relaxation and LV filling at high heart rates lead to a reduction in LV volumes that is more pronounced in patients with HFpEF and may be associated with myocardial Ca 2+ retention.

Individual typological profiles for human heart rate under local cold and hypoxic exposures

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 809-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkady L. Maximov ◽  
Natalia N. Maximova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Human Heart
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