scholarly journals Child Mortality and Morbidity Reduction: A Great Achievement for Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Dr. Nawshad Ahmed PhD
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Great Achievement

scholarly journals The Impact of Diabetes on Hippocampus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Vafaei-Nezhad ◽  
Masood Vafaei-Nezhad ◽  
Mehri Shadi ◽  
Samira Ezi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diabetic Mothers ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Maternal Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders resulting an increased risk of abnormalities in the developing fetus and offspring. It is estimated that the prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy among women in developing countries is approximately 4.5 percent and this range varies between 1 to 14 percent in different societies. According to earlier studies, diabetes during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of maternal and child mortality and morbidity as well as major congenital anomalies including central nervous system (CNS) in their offspring. Multiple lines of evidence have suggested that infants of diabetic women are at risk of having neurodevelopmental sequelae. Previous studies reveal that the offspring of diabetic mothers exhibit disturbances in behavioral and intellectual functioning. In the examination of cognitive functioning, a poorer performance was observed in the children born to diabetic mothers when compared with the children of non-diabetic mothers. Therefore, it is important to study the possible effects of maternal diabetes on the hippocampus of these infants.

scholarly journals Estimated disability-adjusted life years averted by free-of-charge provision of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system over a 9-year period in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M Ferreira ◽  
Ilza Monteiro ◽  
Arlete Fernandes ◽  
Maria V Bahamondes ◽  
Ana Pitoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Maternal Mortality And Morbidity

BackgroundThe objective was to analyse the contribution of the provision at no cost to users of the 20 µg/day levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) towards disability-adjusted life years (DALY) averted over a 9-year period.MethodsWe analysed data from 15 030 new users of the LNG-IUS who had the device inserted at 26 Brazilian teaching hospitals between January 2007 and December 2015. The devices came from the International Contraceptive Access Foundation (ICA), a not-for-profit foundation that donates the devices to developing countries for use by low-income women who desire long-term contraception and who freely choose to use this device. Estimation of the DALY averted included live births averted, maternal morbidity and mortality, child mortality and unsafe abortions averted.ResultsA total of 15 030 women chose the LNG-IUS as a contraceptive method during the study period. Over the 9 years of evaluation, the estimated cumulative contribution of the Brazilian program in terms of DALY averted consisted of 486 live births, 14 cases of combined maternal mortality and morbidity, 143 cases of child mortality and 410 unsafe abortions.ConclusionsProvision of the LNG-IUS at no cost to low-income Brazilian women reduced unwanted pregnancies and probably averted maternal mortality and morbidity, child mortality and unsafe abortions. Family planning programs, policymakers and stakeholders based in low-resource settings could take advantage of the information that the provision of this contraceptive at no cost, or at affordable cost to a publicly-insured population, is an effective policy to help promote women’s health.

THE EFFICACY OF PERMETHRIN-TREATED BED NETS ON CHILD MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY IN WESTERN KENYA I. DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND DESCRIPTION OF STUDY SITE

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
PENELOPE A. PHILLIPS-HOWARD ◽  
FEIKO O. TER KUILE ◽  
BERNARD L. NAHLEN ◽  
ALLEN W. HIGHTOWER ◽  
JOHN E. GIMNIG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

scholarly journals Determinants of Growth Retardation in Pakistani Children under Five Years of Age

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1009-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Arshad Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The World ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality

Ensuring the survival and well being of children is a concern of families, communities, and nations throughout the world. Since the turn of the 20th century infant and child mortality in more developed countries has steadily declined and, currently, has been reduced to almost minimal levels. In contrast, although infant and child mortality has declined in the past three decades in most less developed countries, the pace of change and the magnitude of improvement vary considerably from one country to another. Children are at risk of both mortality and morbidity. The problem of malnutrition is widespread in developing countries and particularly severe in South Asian countries, where almost fifty percent of the undernourished children of the world live [Carlson and Wardlaw (1990)]. Rural populations are especially prone to malnutrition because they are more likely to be poor [Tinger (1998)]. The analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in 19 developing countries shows that children living in rural areas are more likely to be malnourished [Sommerfelt and Stewart (1994)].

scholarly journals Research protocol of two concurrent cluster-randomized trials: Real-life Effect of a CAMPaign with Measles Vaccination (RECAMP-MV) and Real-life Effect of a CAMPaign with Oral Polio Vaccination (RECAMP-OPV) on mortality and morbidity among children in rural Guinea-Bissau

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Varma ◽  
A. K. G. Jensen ◽  
S. M. Thysen ◽  
L. M. Pedersen ◽  
P. Aaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Accidental Death ◽  
Research Protocol ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
Cluster Randomized

Abstract Background Measles and oral polio vaccinations may reduce child mortality to an extent that cannot be explained by prevention of measles and polio infections; these vaccines seem to have beneficial non-specific effects. In the last decades, billions of children worldwide have received measles vaccine (MV) and oral polio vaccine (OPV) through campaigns. Meanwhile the under-five child mortality has declined. Past MV and OPV campaigns may have contributed to this decline, even in the absence of measles and polio infections. However, cessation of these campaigns, once their targeted infections are eradicated, may reverse the decline in the under-five child mortality. No randomized trial has assessed the real-life effect of either campaign on child mortality and morbidity. We present the research protocol of two concurrent trials: RECAMP-MV and RECAMP-OPV. Methods Both trials are cluster-randomized trials among children registered in Bandim Health Project’s rural health and demographic surveillance system throughout Guinea-Bissau. RECAMP-MV is conducted among children aged 9–59 months and RECAMP-OPV is conducted among children aged 0–8 months. We randomized 222 geographical clusters to intervention or control clusters. In intervention clusters, children are offered MV or OPV (according to age at enrolment) and a health check-up. In control clusters, children are offered only a health check-up. Enrolments began in November 2016 (RECAMP-MV) and March 2017 (RECAMP-OPV). We plan 18,000 enrolments for RECAMP-MV with an average follow-up period of 18 months and 10,000 enrolments for RECAMP-OPV with an average follow-up period of 10 months. Data collection is ongoing. The primary outcome in both trials is non-accidental death or non-accidental first non-fatal hospitalization with overnight stay (composite outcome). Secondary outcomes are: non-accidental death, repeated non-fatal hospitalizations with overnight stay, cause-specific primary outcome, outpatient visit, and illness. We obtained ethical approval from Guinea-Bissau and consultative approval from Denmark. Discussion Cluster randomization and minimum risk of loss to follow-up are strengths, and no placebo a limitation. Our trials challenge the understanding that MV and OPV only prevent measles and polio, and that once both infections are eradicated, campaigns with MV and OPV can be phased out without negative implications on child health and survival. Trial registration NCT03460002.

CHILDHOOD MORTALITY, CHILDHOOD MORBIDITY, AND SUBSEQUENT FERTILITY DECISIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwân-al-Qays Bousmah
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Subsequent Fertility ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Fertility Choices ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract:The effects of childhood mortality and morbidity on the fertility decision-making process are analyzed using longitudinal micro data from a Senegalese rural community, for the period 1984–2011. I attempt to identify the effect of individual child mortality, and also that of community child mortality and morbidity, on subsequent fertility choices. The results provide consistent support for both the child-replacement hypothesis and the precautionary demand for children. I find that community child mortality and morbidity attributable to malaria, which capture changes in the epidemiological context, exert a joint influence on fertility behaviors. Community-level malaria incidence among children has a positive effect on subsequent fertility choices, and this positive effect is stronger the more the disease is fatal to children who are infected. This study highlights the role of morbidity, acting through the relative risk of dying from the disease, on the slow fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document