scholarly journals Input-Output Models and Derived Indicators: A Critical Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Argyrios D. Kolokontes ◽  
Achilleas Kontogeorgos ◽  
Efstratios Loizou ◽  
Fotios Chatzitheodoridis

Input-Output literature can be characterized as complicated and chaotic. The complications concern the nomenclature of concepts for the derived indices from the multipliers’ models, their mathematical expressions and computable applications. The terminologies’ inconsistencies often end up to a deviation between the description for these indices and their actual computation, or/and to a misunderstanding as for their usefulness and outcomes. The aim of the paper is to help the readers to face the weaknesses in the literature. In this way, the paper provide an overview with a critical look to the constructed multipliers’ matrices and their derived indicators from the I-O models, and elaborate the causes for the scrutinized confusions. The paper proposes both terminological and computational adjustments and differentiated approaches for the models and their indices, in order to ameliorate their capabilities and to exploit their peculiarities for the developmental patterns. Alternative interpretative ways and applicable expansions are suggested.

2020 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 119359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Towa ◽  
Vanessa Zeller ◽  
Wouter M.J. Achten

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 862-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Yu Liu ◽  
Hong-Sen Yan

This paper presents mathematical expressions for the surface geometry of variable pitch cylindrical cams with four conical meshing elements based on the theory of conjugate surfaces. The unit normal of the element is derived, with given surface geometry of the meshing element, by differential geometry. The contact lines of the conjugate surface are defined according to the equation of meshing and the specified input-output relation. By the coordinate transformation of contact lines, we have the complete profile of the variable pitch cylindrical cam. The results of this work are instrumental in computer-aided manufacturing of variable pitch cylindrical cams for industrial applications.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Oliverio ◽  
Monica Nardi ◽  
Maria Luisa Di Gioia ◽  
Paola Costanzo ◽  
Sonia Bonacci ◽  
...  

Semi-synthesis is an effective strategy to obtain both natural and synthetic analogues of the olive secoiridoids, starting from easy accessible natural compounds.


2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 3036-3050
Author(s):  
Elma Blom ◽  
Tessel Boerma

Purpose Many children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have weaknesses in executive functioning (EF), specifically in tasks testing interference control and working memory. It is unknown how EF develops in children with DLD, if EF abilities are related to DLD severity and persistence, and if EF weaknesses expand to selective attention. This study aimed to address these gaps. Method Data from 78 children with DLD and 39 typically developing (TD) children were collected at three times with 1-year intervals. At Time 1, the children were 5 or 6 years old. Flanker, Dot Matrix, and Sky Search tasks tested interference control, visuospatial working memory, and selective attention, respectively. DLD severity was based on children's language ability. DLD persistence was based on stability of the DLD diagnosis. Results Performance on all tasks improved in both groups. TD children outperformed children with DLD on interference control. No differences were found for visuospatial working memory and selective attention. An interference control gap between the DLD and TD groups emerged between Time 1 and Time 2. Severity and persistence of DLD were related to interference control and working memory; the impact on working memory was stronger. Selective attention was unrelated to DLD severity and persistence. Conclusions Age and DLD severity and persistence determine whether or not children with DLD show EF weaknesses. Interference control is most clearly impaired in children with DLD who are 6 years and older. Visuospatial working memory is impaired in children with severe and persistent DLD. Selective attention is spared.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document