scholarly journals The Clash of Civilizations in the Syrian Crisis: Migration and Terrorism

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jonah Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
War On Terrorism ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Religious Identities ◽  
Syrian Crisis ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us

The Syrian crisis can be the beginning of a new civilization conflict. Ethnic and religious pluralism is clearly evident in this country; Muslims: Sunnis, Duroz, Alawites, Shiites, and Ismailis; Orthodox Christians, Catholics, Maronites, Protestants, and Turkmen and Kurdish ethnic minorities. The Syrian crisis in 2011 appeared to be protesting against the ruling elite (Alawi). Due to the presence of various cultures and religions, it seems that this will make the Syrian crisis a prelude to a renewed clash of civilizations. The present research seeks to answer these questions: What are the basic propositions of the theory of the clash of civilizations and how is it represented in the Syrian crisis? Since according to Samuel Huntington, the foundation of civilizations, religious and cultural backgrounds, and cultural and religious identities are the main source of the clash of civilizations; Therefore, the war on terrorism, the Syrian crisis, the emergence of ISIL and the presence of the US military and international interventions, the competition of regional and trans-national powers, is express the clash of civilizations.

The Clash of Civilizations in the Syrian Crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (31) ◽  
pp. 302-322
Author(s):  
Shoayb Mohammadi ◽  
Vladyslav Butenko ◽  
Zohreh Ghadbeigi ◽  
Masoumeh Ahangaran
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
War On Terrorism ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Syrian Crisis ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Persian Gulf

The Syrian crisis may be the beginning of a new conflict of civilizations. Ethnic and religious pluralism is clearly evident in this country: Muslims (Sunnis, Druze, Alawites, Shiites and Ismailis); Christians (Orthodox, Catholics, Maronites, Protestants) and Turkmen and Kurdish ethnic minorities. The Syrian crisis of 2011 seemed to go against the ruling elite (Alawis). With the escalation of the conflict, the country gradually became the scene of a civil war characterized by international dimensions. In this way, the conflict became a multilateral battle in which, on the one hand, the participants in it were the local element in the form of the government of Bashar al-Assad and extremist terrorist groups such as Jabhat al-Nusra, ISIL and Ahrar al-Sham; and on the other hand, the United States and its European allies, Saudi Arabia and some States of the Persian Gulf; and Iran and the axis of resistance, as well as Russia and China. Due to the presence of diverse cultures and religions, it appears that this will make the Syrian crisis a prelude to a renewed clash of civilizations. This research seeks to answer these questions: What are the basic propositions of the theory of the clash of civilizations and how is it represented in the Syrian crisis? Since, according to Samuel Huntington, the main sources of the clash of civilizations are the foundation of civilizations, religious and cultural antecedents, and cultural and religious identities. Consequently, they are expressions of the clash of civilizations: the war on terrorism, the Syrian crisis, the rise of ISIL and the presence of US military and international interventions, the competition of regional and transnational powers.

The Pharmacotic War on Terrorism

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry N. George
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
The Body ◽  
War On Terrorism ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Us

The Greek words `pharmakon' and `pharmakos' allude to the complex relations between political violence and the health or disorder of the body politic. This article explores analogies of war as disease and contagion, and contrasts these with metaphors of war as politically healthy and medicinal - as in Randolph Bourne's notion of war as `the health of the state'. It then applies these to the unfolding US `War on Terrorism' through the concept of `pharmacotic war', by way of examining the disturbing political implications of both unfolding US military actions abroad and the scapegoating of internal `enemies' within the United States. The article then critiques various strategies for interrupting the momentum towards a catastrophic `clash of civilizations' between the US and the Islamic world, and proposes a strategy of broadly based, grassroots political mobilization for opposing this trend.

Pulmonary Pathology Diagnoses in the US Military During the Global War on Terrorism

Lung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Lewin-Smith ◽  
Adriana Martinez ◽  
Daniel I. Brooks ◽  
Teri J. Franks
Keyword(s):  
War On Terrorism ◽  
Global War On Terrorism ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Pulmonary Pathology ◽  
Global War

scholarly journals Captured by the camera's eye: Guantánamo and the shifting frame of the Global War on Terror

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1721-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELSPETH VAN VEEREN
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
War On Terrorism ◽  
Global War On Terror ◽  
Global War On Terrorism ◽  
Guantanamo Bay ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Media ◽  
Donald Rumsfeld ◽  
Global War

AbstractIn January 2002, images of the detention of prisoners held at US Naval Station Guantanamo Bay as part of the Global War on Terrorism were released by the US Department of Defense, a public relations move that Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld later referred to as ‘probably unfortunate’. These images, widely reproduced in the media, quickly came to symbolise the facility and the practices at work there. Nine years on, the images of orange-clad ‘detainees’ – the ‘orange series’ – remain a powerful symbol of US military practices and play a significant role in the resistance to the site. However, as the site has evolved, so too has its visual representation. Official images of these new facilities not only document this evolution but work to constitute, through a careful (re)framing (literal and figurative), a new (re)presentation of the site, and therefore the identities of those involved. The new series of images not only (re)inscribes the identities of detainees as dangerous but, more importantly, work to constitute the US State as humane and modern. These images are part of a broader effort by the US administration to resituate its image, and remind us, as IR scholars, to look at the diverse set of practices (beyond simply spoken language) to understand the complexity of international politics.

scholarly journals Another Acknowledgement on the American Strategy on the War in Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Raghad Raeed MOHAMMED
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
War On Terrorism ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Moral Perspective ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Us ◽  
Central Elements ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Us Intervention

The main objective of this article is to describe and evaluate some of the central elements of the US strategy in Iraq, from the beginning of the war to the present. In this case, the term "strategy" refers mainly to the political-military actions directly related to the wider context of the war on terrorism. But the American strategy also involves secondary concerns: those that force the US, as a world power, to have constant commitments and implications in the evolution of the international system.As a result, the US strategy is not just about how the US manages military, anti-terrorist, regional stabilization and nation-building operations in Iraq, but also about how Washington defines its priorities, its political and military actions, and allocates resources not just to achieve the central objectives, but also to solve various side problems of the international scene.When talking about the current situation in Iraq, the starting point of the discussion must be the legitimacy of the US military intervention in 2003. From a strictly legal perspective, as from a strictly moral perspective, the US intervention in Iraq seems not to be legitimate enough. In order to establish a theoretical basis for the US intervention in Iraq, we must analyze the situation through the perspective of realism, as a theory of international relations, and we must recall some of Morgenthau's basic ideas.

scholarly journals Media Framing of the Muslim World

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Katherine Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Media Framing ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
The Media ◽  
Broadcasting Service ◽  
Key Events ◽  
The Military

A succinct and accessible book, with many chapters that can stand alone asreadings for undergraduate or graduate classes, Media Framing of the MuslimWorld: Conflicts, Crises, and Contexts is a welcome addition to the literatureon Muslims and the media. The authors build on three key concepts: the ideathat the media should function, but often does not, as the fourth estate (an independentand critical press); Edward Said’s Orientalism(the West as the perpetuallysuperior Other who must represent the Orient, which is incapable ofdoing so itself), and in its modern form, Islamophobia; and the importance ofhistory and context in understanding key events in the Muslim world (as distinctfrom religious determinism).The book is divided into eight chapters with an introduction and a conclusion:“Islam and the Muslim world,” “Media-Generated Muslims and Islamophobia,”“Image and Reality of Reporting War and Conflict in the Muslim World,” “Asylum Seekers,” “Covering Terrorism Suspects.” “The ArabSpring,” “A Clash of Civilizations?” and “Moving on from 9/11?” The chaptersare not an extended study of a singular type of media representation of Muslims,but rather a bringing together separate elements into a whole so that wecan look at the issues from several viewpoints. I will mention three of thosethat cover topics not often found in academic studies of Muslims and the media.Chapter 3 relates the personal experiences of John Martinkus, a professionaljournalist trying to cover the Iraq war over the last decade for a bookand later on SBS (Special Broadcasting Service), an Australian broadcast company.His story highlights how the increasingly dangerous on-the-ground situationeventually interfered with proper reporting. Not only did it become veryexpensive to hire security, but western journalists were largely confined to reportingfrom safe hotels and subcontracting to local Iraqis or being embeddedwith the military. Martinkus notes that the only Iraqis they could interviewwere those employed by the US military/media or who had a US military gunpointing at them. Journalists living in fear tended to support Washington’s viewas to why they were there and the efficacy of the mission itself ...

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