Advances in Fisheries Bioengineering

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Anadromous Fish ◽  
Hydroelectric Dams ◽  
Dissolved Gas ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Total Dissolved Gas ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Fish Survival

<em>Abstract.</em>—Historically, spillways and sluiceways at hydroelectric dams were constructed as conduits for transporting excess river flow or debris with little focus on their potential for safe fish passage routes. In recent times, however, these conveyances are increasingly viewed as viable fish passage routes and are used to increase potential survival for the declining salmonid populations, particularly in the Pacific Northwest. However, spill is uneconomical and, with some spillway configurations, may cause potentially lethal levels of total dissolved gas (TDG) saturation in the river. Recent estimates (direct effects) of juvenile anadromous fish survival and condition after passing nonturbine exit routes at hydro dams have shown much variation (83–100% survival) depending upon site-specific hydraulic characteristics, trajectory of entrained fish, and obstructions in the flow path. Efforts are underway to modify spillways and bypasses at several hydroelectric dams to decrease TDG and eliminate and/or minimize fish injury.

Understanding gas bubble trauma in an era of hydropower expansion: how do fish compensate at depth?

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi K. Pleizier ◽  
Charlotte Nelson ◽  
Steven J. Cooke ◽  
Colin J. Brauner
Keyword(s):  
Bubble Growth ◽  
Gas Bubble ◽  
Hydroelectric Dams ◽  
Dissolved Gas ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Total Dissolved Gas ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
The Relationship

Hydrostatic pressure is known to protect fish from damage by total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation, but empirical relationships are lacking. In this study we demonstrate the relationship between depth, TDG, and gas bubble trauma (GBT). Hydroelectric dams generate TDG supersaturation that causes bubble growth in the tissues of aquatic animals, resulting in sublethal and lethal effects. We exposed fish to 100%, 115%, 120%, and 130% TDG at 16 and 63 cm of depth and recorded time to 50% loss of equilibrium and sublethal symptoms. Our linear model of the log-transformed time to 50% LOE (R2 = 0.94) was improved by including depth. Based on our model, a depth of 47 cm compensated for the effects of 4.1% (±1.3% SE) TDG supersaturation. Our experiment reveals that once the surface threshold for GBT from TDG supersaturation is known, depth protects rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from GBT by 9.7% TDG supersaturation per metre depth. Our results can be used to estimate the impacts of TDG on fish downstream of dams and to develop improved guidelines for TDG.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a fish-friendly self-cleaning horizontal irrigation screen using autonomous sensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aljon Salalila ◽  
Zhiqun Daniel Deng ◽  
Jayson J. Martinez ◽  
Jun Lu ◽  
Lee J. Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Northwest National Laboratory ◽  
Autonomous Sensor ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Sustainable Irrigation ◽  
Fish Survival

Irrigation modernisation is booming globally because of the increasing demand on water and food. However, irrigation infrastructures can injure fish or entrain them into irrigation water. Screening is an effective method to mitigate fish entrainment. In this study, two autonomous sensor devices, developed and manufactured at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (Sensor Fish and its miniaturised version, Sensor Fish Mini) were deployed to evaluate the physical and fish passage conditions of a unique horizontal, flat-plate fish and debris screen (known as the Farmers Screen) that was installed in Oregon, USA. Only 1 of the 27 Sensor Fish Mini releases had a severe acceleration event, whereas 0 of the 37 Sensor Fish releases had severe events. The rates of severe events and amplitudes of accelerations at the Farmers Screen were significantly lower than those at other hydraulic structures, including a fish-friendly surface weir that recorded nearly 100% fish survival. Overall, the results indicated that the Farmers Screens can provide safe downstream passage for fish at irrigation diversions. This study also demonstrated that the Sensor Fish technology, including Sensor Fish Mini, is a suitable technology for evaluating irrigation structures and providing important information for the development of sustainable irrigation.

scholarly journals 645 Using Site-specific Approaches to Advance Potato Management in Irrigated Systems

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 559A-559
Author(s):  
Joan R. Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Local Conservation ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Conducting Research

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is grown extensively throughout the Pacific Northwest as a high-value crop in irrigated rotations with other row crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.)—both field and sweet. Center pivots are predominant irrigation systems. Soil texture ranges from coarse sands to finer textured silt loams and silts and can vary within one field, often with very hilly topography. Site-specific management is being evaluated as an approach to help to optimize inputs (water, seed, agricultural chemicals) to maintain or enhance yield and reduce the potential of negative environmental impacts in these farming systems. Currently variable rate fertilizer application technology and harvest yield monitoring equipment are commercially available for these systems. Variable rate seeding and variable rate irrigation water application technologies are developed but not fully commercialized and variable rate pesticide application equipment is in development. At the Irrigated Agr. Res. and Ext. Ctr. in Prosser, Wash., we have a team of research scientists (both university and USDA/ARS), interested individuals from local industry, and other key organizations (e.g., local conservation districts) who are working together to evaluate different site specific technologies, improve the ability to use available tools, and to improve decision-making ability by conducting research both on farm and in research plots.

scholarly journals Lethal Effect of Total Dissolved Gas-Supersaturated Water with Suspended Sediment on River Sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Liu ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Cuixia Feng ◽  
Chenghua Fu ◽  
Quan Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Dissolved Gas ◽  
Total Dissolved Gas ◽  
Gas Bubble Disease ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Test Fish ◽  
Fish Survival ◽  
Study Laboratory ◽  
Abnormal Behaviors

Abstract High total dissolved gas (TDG) levels and excessive suspended sediment (SS) concentrations pose serious threats to fish survival during flood season. However, little information is available on the effects of TDG supersaturation with varying SS concentrations on fish. In this study, laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the effects of TDG supersaturation with varying SS concentrations on five-month-old river sturgeons (Acipenser dabryanus). The test fish were exposed to combinations of SS concentrations (0, 200, 600 and 1,000 mg/L) and TDG levels (125, 130, 135 and 140%), and their mortality and median lethal time (LT50) were quantified. The fish showed abnormal behaviors (e.g., quick breathing, fast swimming and an agitated escape response) and symptoms of gas bubble disease (GBD). SS increased the mortality of river sturgeon exposed to TDG supersaturation. Furthermore, the LT50 values at 125% TDG were 4.47, 3.11, 3.07 and 2.68 h for the different SS concentrations (0, 200, 600 and 1,000 mg/L, respectively), representing a significant decrease in LT50 with increasing SS. However, at higher TDG levels (130–140%), there was no significant increase in LT50 with increasing SS. Therefore, river sturgeon showed weak tolerance of TDG-supersaturated water with SS.

Site-Specific Trade-offs of Harvesting Cereal Residues as Biofuel Feedstocks in Dryland Annual Cropping Systems of the Pacific Northwest, USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 598-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Huggins ◽  
Chad E. Kruger ◽  
Kathleen M. Painter ◽  
David P. Uberuaga
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Cereal Residues

scholarly journals Soil biogeochemical responses to the deposition of anadromous fish carcasses in inland riparian forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1506-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadd A. Wheeler ◽  
Kathleen L. Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Riparian Forests ◽  
Anadromous Fish ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Riparian Ecosystems ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Nutrient Subsidy ◽  
Central Idaho

The historic abundance of salmonids returning to natal streams of the inland Pacific Northwest, USA, may have constituted a major nutrient influx into these commonly oligotrophic ecosystems. Inland ecosystems tend to be warmer and dryer and more nutrient limited than coastal ecosystems; therefore, understanding how these inland conditions influence the soil biogeochemical responses to salmon carcass deposition in riparian forests is a vital step in appropriately mitigating for the loss of this nutrient subsidy. Deposition of salmon carcasses in central Idaho riparian forests resulted in a 480-fold increase in soil nitrogen (N), a sevenfold increase in dissolved organic carbon (C), and a fourfold increase in soil respired CO2, with significant biogeochemical responses persisting at one year after amendment. Despite these large increases in soil N and C, estimates of soil N and C loading only accounted for 31% and 16% of the fish carcass N and C, respectively. However, the magnitude and persistence of soil biogeochemical responses to the deposition of anadromous fish carcasses in central Idaho attests to the importance of this nutrient subsidy to inland riparian ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest.

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