Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
River System ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Savannah River ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit 2 ◽  
Black Bass ◽  
Apalachicola River ◽  
Cryptic Biodiversity ◽  
Redeye Bass ◽  
River Drainages

<em>Abstract</em>.—Shoal basses are a cryptic clade composed of <em>Micropterus </em>spp. restricted to the Apalachicola River system and three southeastern Atlantic slope river drainages in the southeastern United States. This reciprocally monophyletic clade includes the Shoal Bass <em>M. cataractae </em>(endemic to the Apalachicola River system), the Chattahoochee Bass <em>M. chattahoochae</em>, and two undescribed forms from the Altamaha, Ogeechee, and Savannah River drainages. Members of the shoal bass clade can be distinguished from all other species of <em>Micropterus </em>basses using 20 diagnostic characters (characteristic attributes) found in mitochondrial DNA (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2) gene sequences. Each member of the clade additionally possesses unique characteristic attributes, which along with morphological and meristic characters can be used to diagnose this cryptic biodiversity. Biologists and managers have previously regarded the shoal basses in the Chattahoochee, Savannah, Altamaha and Ogeechee River systems as belonging to a single taxon synonymous with the Redeye Bass <em>M. coosae</em>, which is endemic to the Mobile River drainage. With these and previous analyses (including description of the Shoal Bass), we now recognize that what was once considered a single taxon actually comprises seven species, each of which is endemic to a single southeastern drainage. Recognizing and documenting the actual diversity of <em>Micropterus </em>spp. provides important information for managers who may wish to avoid stocking or translocations that could compromise the genetic integrity of native bass populations. Introductions of nonnative basses, including Alabama Bass <em>M. henshalli</em>, Spotted Bass <em>M. punctulatus</em>, and Smallmouth Bass <em>M. dolomieu </em>currently threaten the integrity of native shoal bass species in streams of the Chattahoochee, Altamaha, Ogeechee, and Savannah River systems.

scholarly journals A case of mistaken identity: Genetic and morphological evidence for the presence of Redeye Bass in the Verde River, Arizona

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Valente ◽  
Catherine Benson ◽  
Matthew Chmiel ◽  
Matthew Lewis ◽  
Eric Peatman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
River System ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Genetic Sequencing ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit 2 ◽  
Verde River ◽  
Black Bass ◽  
Redeye Bass

We report genetic and morphological evidence for the presence of Redeye Bass Micropterus coosae, in the Verde River of Arizona, previously thought to be Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu. We performed meristic measurements on 15 individuals sampled from the Upper Verde River Wildlife Area, Yavapai County, Arizona. Meristic data for lateral line scales, scales above lateral line, and scales below lateral line were all consistent with Redeye Bass and not Smallmouth Bass. We analyzed mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data to determine if one of the black bass (Genus Micropterus) species historically introduced to the Verde River was Redeye Bass and that they persist in the system. We extracted DNA from fin clips of five individuals for phylogenetic analysis of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) mitochondrial gene and for analysis of nuclear DNA using a diagnostic Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) panel. Results of the ND2 genetic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicated that these fish likely originated from native Redeye Bass stock from the Coosa River system of Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee. Similarly, nuclear SNP data from the five individuals collected from the Verde River aligned with Redeye Bass reference genotypes based on STRUCTURE analysis. These results support the hypothesis that at least one of the introductions of black bass in Arizona’s Verde River founded a previously unrecognized population of Redeye Bass.  Further work is needed to determine the extent of the Redeye Bass presence in Arizona, whether Smallmouth Bass are also present in the Verde River system, and if hybridization of Redeye Bass and other black basses is occurring.

Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
River System ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Genetic Integrity ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Black Bass ◽  
Flint River ◽  
Chattahoochee River

<em>Abstract</em>.—Shoal Bass <em>Micropterus cataractae</em> are native only to the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River system of Georgia, Alabama, and Florida. Shoal Bass are vulnerable to extinction as a result of population fragmentation and introduction of nonnative <em>Micropterus</em> species. We assessed the genetic integrity of four isolated populations of Shoal Bass in the upper Chattahoochee River basin (above Lake Lanier, in Big Creek, below Morgan Falls Dam, and at Cochran Shoals) and sought to determine rates of hybridization with nonnative, illegally stocked Smallmouth Bass <em>M. dolomieu</em> and Alabama Bass <em>M. henshalli</em>. Collected specimens were evaluated using 10 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers and Bayesian population assignment software. Shoal Bass below Morgan Falls Dam exhibited high levels of hybridization with Smallmouth Bass and possibly Alabama Bass, coupled with a high incidence of the nonnative parental forms. Rates of hybridization among specimens from Cochran Shoals were similarly high, although fewer nonnative parental forms were observed. Among the 30 tested, three specimens morphologically identified as Shoal Bass in Big Creek were either pure Smallmouth Bass or hybrids of Shoal Bass and Smallmouth Bass. The only Shoal Bass population not significantly impacted by congeneric hybridization was found upstream of Lake Lanier. Conservation actions aimed at reducing or eliminating nonnative black bass species and their hybrids could maintain the genetic integrity of Shoal Bass populations in the upper Chattahoochee River basin and lessen their risk of extirpation.

Chutes and ladders and other games we play with rivers. II. Simulated effects of translocation on white sturgeon

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette I Jager
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
River System ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
White Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Transmontanus ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Short Segment ◽  
River Fragmentation ◽  
Demographic Effects

Restoring connectivity is viewed as an important recovery option for fish species adversely affected by river fragmentation. This simulation study quantified the genetic and demographic effects of translocation on metapopulations of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) inhabiting a series of long (source) and short (sink) river segments. Genetic effects were predictable; upstream translocations increased introgression and downstream translocations had no effect. Demographic results suggest that indiscriminant efforts to reconnect populations may do more harm than good. Simulated river systems with high interspersion of long and short segments and a long segment far upstream tended to benefit most from translocation, but only when narrow screening or downstream passage was also provided below the river segment receiving fish. When combined with narrow screening, upstream translocation to a long segment subsidizing several downstream short segments produced the best results. Downstream passage outperformed narrow screening only when the translocation recipient was a short segment in a river system with low interspersion and no long, upstream river segment. This model-based evaluation of reconnection options has helped to refine ideas about restoring populations in fragmented rivers by predicting which options benefit riverine metapopulations as a whole.

scholarly journals ĐẶC ĐIỂM HỆ THỐNG SÔNG CỔ VÀ TÁC ĐỘNG NHÂN SINH DỰA TRÊN KẾT QUẢ MÔ HÌNH TIẾN HÓA TỈ LỆ LỚN KHU VỰC CHÂU THỔ SÔNG HỒNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-478
Author(s):  
Mai Duc Dong ◽  
Phung Van Phach ◽  
Nguyen Trung Thanh ◽  
Duong Quoc Hung ◽  
Pham Quoc Hiep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
River System ◽  
River Network ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Red River ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The Simclast model has been verified and applied effectively in simulating the delta development for some major deltas in the world. In this study, we applied the model Simclast for simulating the history of the Red river delta development in late Pleistocene-Holocene. Results of the model reveal that the mainland of study area had reduced rapidly during transgression period (10,000-8,000 BP). The morphology changed significantly in the paleo-Red and Day river systems, but slightly in the paleo Thai Binh river system. The paleo-river network had been active in upper part before 11,000 BP and then shifted seaward until 2,000 BP. The river-sea interaction causes erosion and accumulation; as a result the morphology changed remarkably. The paleo-Thai Binh river had been inactive until 5,500 BP and then it was active but the morphology had not varied remarkably. The recent coastline generated from Simclast is relatively in accordance with the present coastline.

Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Nonnative Species ◽  
Savannah River ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Precipitous Decline ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Over Time

<em>Abstract</em>.—Bartram’s Bass (an as yet unnamed species similar to Redeye Bass <em>Micropterus coosae</em>) is endemic to the Savannah drainage of South Carolina and Georgia. Hybridization between this native species and introduced Alabama Bass <em>M. henshalli </em>is widespread in the upper portions of the drainage. Recent studies have documented a precipitous decline in genetically pure Bartram’s Bass in Savannah drainage reservoirs and a corresponding increase in fish of hybrid origin. We surveyed tributary populations associated with these reservoirs and with the Savannah River main stem in 2004 and 2010. Results indicate an increased occurrence of hybrids in Bartram’s Bass native stream habitats over time. We also document the new occurrence of a second nonnative species, Smallmouth Bass <em>M. dolomieu</em>. Both Smallmouth Bass and their hybrids with Bartram’s Bass were collected from shoals in the Savannah River near the lower extent of the Bartram’s Bass range. Bartram’s Bass is a species of highest conservation concern in South Carolina, due to its limited native range and threats associated with hybridization. Conservation actions directed at this species, and its native stream habitats, will need to consider the establishment of nonnative species in the drainage and their potential to impact tributary populations over time.

Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Black Bass ◽  
Redeye Bass

<em>Abstract</em>.—Rivers and streams of the southern United States contain more than 1,800 aquatic species, 500 of which are regionally endemic. At present, 34% of the fish species and 90% of the mussel species in peril nationwide are found in these systems. Declines in these imperiled species are due to many factors, including hydrologic alteration, degraded water quality, loss of instream and watershed connectivity, physical habitat degradation, and the negative effects of nonindigenous species (e.g., predation on, competition with, and hybridization with native forms). In addition, this situation is exacerbated through human population growth, competing water demands, land-use changes, and other interrelated issues. If unchecked, these issues will likely continue to contribute to the imperilment and loss of native species in the region. Of the nine described species and subspecies of black bass, six are endemic to the southern United States: Guadalupe Bass <em>Micropterus treculii</em>, Shoal Bass <em>M. cataractae</em>, Redeye Bass <em>M. coosae</em>, Florida Bass <em>M. floridanus</em>, Alabama Bass <em>M. henshalli</em>, and Suwannee Bass <em>M. notius</em>. In addition, undescribed species and subspecies also exist and all are in need of conservation measures to prevent them from becoming imperiled. In an effort to focus and coordinate actions to support the long-term persistence of endemic black bass populations, local, state, and federal agencies, universities, nongovernmental organizations, and corporations from across the region joined with the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation to form the Native Black Bass Initiative (NBBI). The NBBI provides regional conservation strategies, objectives, and targets to restore and preserve functional processes in those watersheds that support natural habitat conditions and sustainable populations of endemic black bass and other native fishes of the region. Initial actions implemented through the NBBI focus on addressing the conservation needs of Guadalupe Bass in streams of the Edwards Plateau ecoregion of Texas, Redeye Bass in the Savannah River watershed of Georgia and South Carolina, and Shoal Bass populations in the Apalachicola River watershed of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia.

Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Dolomieu ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Sampling Gear ◽  
Gray Literature ◽  
Black Bass ◽  
Effective Conservation ◽  
Conservation And Management

<em>Abstract</em>.—We reviewed the published and gray literature associated with Neosho Smallmouth Bass <em>Micropterus dolomieu velox</em> and the genetically distinct Ouachita lineage. Substantial interstream variation appears to occur among these populations, particularly related to age. The Neosho subspecies is more abundant, grows faster, and lives longer than the genetically distinct Ouachita lineage. Recruitment is highly variable among streams for both populations and appears to be related to some undescribed aspects of hydrology but also likely reflect bias due to sampling gear. Information on annual and seasonal trends is lacking for the Neosho subspecies and the Ouachita lineages, particularly as related to the spawning period. Conservation efforts for these lineages might benefit from agencies partnering to achieve goals that extend beyond a particular agency’s responsibilities and state boundaries. Recognition of spatial and temporal considerations, combined with a better understanding of the population dynamics as related to abundance, growth, mortality and reproduction, would benefit the creation of more effective conservation and management strategies for genetically distinct populations of Smallmouth Bass <em>M. dolomieu</em>.

Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Economic Impact Analysis ◽  
Reservoir Fisheries ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Black Bass ◽  
Preferred Species

<em>Abstract</em>.—The Guadalupe Bass <em>Micropterus treculii</em> is a central Texas endemic black bass species occurring only in streams and rivers draining the Edwards Plateau ecoregion. It is designated the state fish of Texas and provides a popular sport fishery. In addition to being a popular sport fish, it is listed as a species of special concern due to habitat degradation and hybridization with Smallmouth Bass <em>M. dolomieu</em>. Past socioeconomic surveys of Texas black bass anglers have focused primarily on reservoir fisheries while little is known about fishing patterns, economic impact, and preferences of river and stream anglers. A Web-based open-access survey was used to determine fishing characteristics, assess attitudes and quantify the economic impact of anglers fishing rivers and streams in a 24-county region of Texas from August 20, 2011 to December 20, 2012, with a focus on anglers who specifically fished for Guadalupe Bass. A total of 700 respondents participated in the survey. More than half of respondents were paddlers targeting black bass, and 42% specifically fished for Guadalupe Bass on their trips. An additional 34% of anglers listed black bass species, which included Guadalupe Bass as their preferred species. Similar to previous surveys of Texas river and stream anglers, access was identified as the largest impediment to the future maintenance and improvement of river and stream fishing. Based on 563 surveys used in the economic impact analysis, using IMPLAN (Impact Analysis for Planning) Professional version 2 (Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Minneapolis), an estimated US$74,182,080 in direct angler expenditures was spent on fishing trips to the study region, resulting in a total economic impact (including indirect and induced impacts) of $71,552,492 and 776 full-time jobs. These findings indicate the economic value of river and stream angling to the Texas economy.

scholarly journals Feedback Mechanism in Bifurcating River Systems: the Effect on Water-Level Sensitivity

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1915
Author(s):  
Matthijs R.A. Gensen ◽  
Jord J. Warmink ◽  
Fredrik Huthoff ◽  
Suzanne J.M.H. Hulscher
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
River System ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Water Level Variations ◽  
System Water ◽  
Discharge Distribution ◽  
Single Branch

Accurate and reliable estimates of water levels are essential to assess flood risk in river systems. In current practice, uncertainties involved and the sensitivity of water levels to these uncertainties are studied in single-branch rivers, while many rivers in deltas consist of multiple distributaries. In a bifurcating river, a feedback mechanism exists between the downstream water levels and the discharge distribution at the bifurcation. This paper aims to quantify the sensitivity of water levels to main channel roughness in a bifurcating river system. Water levels are modelled for various roughness scenarios under a wide range of discharge conditions using a one-dimensional hydraulic model. The results show that the feedback mechanism reduces the sensitivity of water levels to local changes of roughness in comparison to the single-branch river. However, in the smaller branches of the system, water-level variations induced by the changes in discharge distribution can exceed the water-level variations of the single-branch river. Therefore, water levels throughout the entire system are dominated by the conditions in the largest branch. As the feedback mechanism is important, the river system should be considered as one interconnected system in river maintenance of rivers, flood-risk analyses, and future planning of river engineering works.

New crayfish species records from the Sipsey Fork drainage, including Lewis Smith Reservoir (Alabama, USA): native or introduced species?

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Susan B. Adams ◽  
Craig Roghair ◽  
Colin Krause ◽  
Melvin L. Warren ◽  
J. Allison Cochran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
River System ◽  
Orconectes Virilis ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Black Bass ◽  
Community Changes ◽  
Black Warrior River ◽  
Crayfish Species

Abstract As part of a study of aquatic faunal community changes along riverine-lacustrine transition zones upstream of Lewis Smith Reservoir in northwest Alabama, USA, we collected crayfish from 60 sites in the Sipsey Fork, Brushy Creek, and selected tributaries (Black Warrior River system). After finding two unexpected and possibly-introduced crayfish species, we expanded our investigation of crayfish distributions to include crayfish obtained from stomachs of black bass (Micropterus spp.) caught at seven sites in the reservoir. To explore what crayfish species were in the drainage historically, we examined museum databases as well as stomach and intestinal contents of a variety of preserved fishes that were caught in the Sipsey Fork and Brushy Creek drainages upstream of the reservoir in the early 1990’s. Of the seven crayfish species collected, one, Orconectes (Procericambarus) sp. nr ronaldi, was not previously reported from Alabama, and another, O. lancifer, was not reported from the Black Warrior River system prior to the study. Three are known or possibly introduced species. Upstream of the reservoir, the native species Cambarus obstipus, C. striatus, and O. validus were common. The same three species were found in fish collected in the 1990’s. Orconectes perfectus was found only in the reservoir but may be native to the drainage. Orconectes lancifer was in the reservoir and in stream reaches influenced by the reservoir. Evidence points to O. lancifer being introduced in the drainage, but this is uncertain. Orconectes sp. nr ronaldi was found in a relatively small portion of Brushy Creek and its tributaries, in both flowing and impounded habitats, and may be introduced. Orconectes virilis is introduced in Alabama and was found only in stomachs of fish collected in the reservoir.

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