STUDY OF RISK FACTORS FOR TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTION IN PREGNANT AND NON-PREGNANT WOMEN IN WESTERN REGION OF LIBYA: USING QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Saleha Alarabi Algusbi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

The study was conducted to determine the occurrence of risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection amongst pregnant and non-pregnant women at Sabratha Teaching Hospital and Surman Clinic. The study included cities from the Western region of Libya (Sabratha, Surman, El-Ajelat, Motred, Abo essa, Al-Sabreya and Tripoli). A total of 65 women, 41 pregnant and 24 non-pregnant with the average age from 20 and over 41 years were included in this study. Interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire survey. The water consumed level originated from treated water (50.8%), mineral water (36.9%), wells water (10.8%) and taps water (1.5%). The majority (87.7%) consumed Chicken meat more often, whilst (53.8%) consumed Beef, thoroughly cooked meat was preferred by (87.7%). Few (1.5%) used gloves when dealing with meat. All respondents washed fruits and vegetables before consumption, consumed milk was (66.2%) of the women, while (10.8%) preferred unpasteurized milk. Only (4.6%) of women owned cats, whilst 6.2% handling them, and 33.8% were in contact with soil. (47.6%) has O blood type. 63.1% of total respondents were pregnant women, of them 70% were aborted previously one time and 14.8% were aborted two times, 11% were aborted three times and 3.7% were aborted four times. The majority of them had some knowledge about toxoplasmosis but few known of the transmission mechanism. Also the study revealed that (3.70%) of aborted respondents was owning cats or dogs, 40.7% of them were dealing with soil and all previously aborted respondents were not using gloves while handling meat. Comparison between previous abortion incidences and consumption of milk showed that 70.4% of aborted women were consumed milk daily, and regarding water sources 55.6% of aborted respondents consumed treated water and 18.5% of them consumed wells or taps water. Knowledge of these risk factors will help to reduce and prevent toxoplasmosis. The study needs further health education to increase awareness of risk factors of toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women from Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanata Bamba ◽  
Mamoudou Cissé ◽  
Ibrahim Sangaré ◽  
Adama Zida ◽  
Souleymane Ouattara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Bobo Dioulasso ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized and Yirgalem General Hospitals, in Southern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demissie Assegu Fenta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Intrauterine Death ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk ◽  
Antenatal Clinics ◽  
Undercooked Meat

Abstract Background Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. It is acquired by consumption of raw or undercooked meat containing tissue cyst, food or water contaminated with oocyst and congenital infection through the placenta leading to serious congenital abnormalities in the fetus like miscarriage, stillbirth, intrauterine death and neurologic defects. Therefore; this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis infection and its possible risk factors associated with pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Hawassa and Yiregalem Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to May 2017. The study was done in antenatal care clinics of Hawassa and Yiregalem Hospitals in Southern, Ethiopia. Five hundred pregnant women were interviewed with a pretested structured questionnaire to collect risk factors and socio-demographic data. Blood samples were collected and serum was separated and tested for anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. The risk factors were tested for significance using Bivariate and multivariate analysis. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The weighted prevalence of this study was 81.8% for the anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibody. Almost all participants (99.6%) had no information about the disease. A significant association was observed between seroprevalence and contact with domestic cats (OR = 1.206, 95% CI (1.627–2.206, P = 0.043), consumption of raw meat (OR = 0.848, 95% CI: 1.517–2.941, P = 0.019) and unpasteurized milk (OR = 0.871, 95% CI 1.531–2.221, P = 0.032). A significant association was not observed between seroprevalence and age, history of abortion, and blood transfusion. Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrated a relatively higher prevalence of seropositivity than studies reported from other countries. Existence of domestic cats at home, consumption of undercooked meat and unpasteurized milk were identified as risk factors for T. gondii infection. Therefore, a health education program to increase the mother’s knowledge about toxoplasmosis towards avoiding eating undercooked meat, contact with cats and consumption of unpasteurized milk during pregnancy is recommended. Furthermore, our results suggested that the implementation of newborn screening and follow-up testing can lead to reducing of toxoplasmosis associated complications.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in south western, Saudi Arabia

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona A. Almushait ◽  
Saad M. Bin Dajem ◽  
Nahla M. Elsherbiny ◽  
Mamdoh A. Eskandar ◽  
Tarik A. Al Azraqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Trinidad and Tobago

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ramsewak ◽  
Randall Gooding ◽  
Koteswaramma Ganta ◽  
Nadira Seepersadsingh ◽  
Abiodun A. Adesiyun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and the associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in the middle belt of Ghana

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
DERRICK ADU MENSAH ◽  
Linda Batsa Debrah ◽  
Clement Evans Aryee ◽  
ALEXANDER YAW YAW DEBRAH
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Ashanti Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii infection is prevalent in up to 90% of the world’s population. Severe infections can be fatal and deforming in neonates. Cats serve as reservoirs for T. gondii infections. Even though many Ghanaians have cats as pets in their homes only few studies have been undertaken to assess the prevalence of the disease in Ghana. The objective of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection and its associated risk factors among pregnant women seeking antenatal care at the Goaso Municipal Hospital, in Asunafo North District of the Ahafo Region and the St. Michael’s Catholic Mission Hospital in the Bosomtwe District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 266 (146 from Asunafo North District and 120 from Bosomtwe District) pregnant women who consented to participate in the study was undertaken. To gather information on associated risk factors, structured questionnaire was administered to the participants. In addition, 3 mls of venous blood was collected from each participant for anti-T. gondii IgG and anti-T. gondii IgM antibody analyses using ELISA. Results A total of 64.3% (171/266) of the study participant were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG and 26.3% (70/266) were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies. This signifies that 64.3% of the study population have been exposed to the infection and 26.3% were actively infected. There were no differences (P=0.383) between the overall T. gondii seroprevalences in the two Districts. There was a significant difference between antibody concentration levels and age in the Bosomtwe District in Ashanti Region. No association (OR<1) was found between the seroprevalences and the suspected risk factors assessed in this study. Conclusion The study showed that the seroprevalence of T. gondii among pregnant women visiting the two health facilities in the two Regions was higher compared to the 30%-65% reported as the global population infection status. This study provides baseline data for future studies in the other Districts and Regions in the country to ascertain the overall seroprevalence in Ghana.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Kumasi: A Cross-Sectional Study at a District-Level Hospital, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bhavana Singh ◽  
Linda Batsa Debrah ◽  
Godfred Acheampong ◽  
Alexander Yaw Debrah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Level Hospital

Background. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in a district-level hospital in Ghana and compared the diagnostic performance of the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for T. gondii diagnosis. Method. This cross-sectional study included 400 consecutive consenting women in their first-trimester stage of pregnancy. A validated well-structured closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and possible risk factors of each participant. Blood samples were collected for analysis of T. gondii IgG and IgM using the commercial ELISA Kit and RDT. Results. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 21.5% and 57.3% based on the RDT and ELISA technique, respectively. Secondary education ( cOR = 1.9 , 95% CI (1.1-3.1), and p = 0.020 ) and contact with cats ( cOR = 1.7 , 95% CI (1.1-2.8), and p = 0.030 ) were significant predictors of T. gondii infection, with the former being the only independent risk factor for T. gondii infection ( aOR = 1.8 , 95% CI (1.0-3.0), and p = 0.034 ) by the ELISA method. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of RDT-IgM against ELISA were 42.9%, 95.9%, and 0.694, respectively, whereas those of RDT-IgG were 31.0%, 91.2%, and 0.611, respectively. The diagnostic consistency between the two methods was fair for both RDT-IgM ( κ = 0.304 ) and RDT-IgG ( κ = 0.201 ). Conclusion. The prevalence of T. gondii infection among pregnant women at Kumasi is 21.5% and 57.3% based on the RDT and ELISA technique, respectively. Secondary education and contact with cats were the major risk factors of T. gondii infection. Using ELISA as the reference, the RDT used in this study for the diagnosis of T. gondii infection has low sensitivity, and therefore, it is unreliable. However, this finding does not invalidate all RDTs because there are several other brands of RDT with good sensitivity and specificity. Further studies to ascertain the performance of other commercially available RDT kits are needed.

scholarly journals Sero–Prevalence, and Associated Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pregnant Women and HIV/AIDS Patients in Selected Cities of Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol V (10) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anteneh HAILU HAILU ◽  
Kassahun NEGASHE NEGASHE ◽  
Aweke TASE TASEW ◽  
Medhint GETACH GETACHEW ◽  
Tesfaye SISAY SISAY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Women And Hiv ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Aids
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