scholarly journals Effect of Biopesticides on Foliar Diseases and Japanese Beetle (Popillia japonica) Adults in Roses (Rosaspp.), Oakleaf Hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia), and Crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica)

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-219
Author(s):  
M.T. Mmbaga ◽  
J.B. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Adult Feeding

This study evaluated efficacy of biopesticides for reducing foliar diseases and feeding damage from Japanese beetle adults on hybrid T rose (Rosa spp.), oakleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia), and crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica). The materials tested included household soaps with Triclosan active ingredient (Equate® and Ajax®), kaolin clay (Surround®), neem seed oil extract (Triact 70® and Neem Gold®), potassium salt of fatty acids (M-Pede®), horticultural oil (UltraFine® Sunspray oil), and bicarbonate salt (Armicarb®) applied to plants grown under greenhouse, shadehouse, and field conditions. Two fungicides, trifloxystrobin (Strobilurin) and triadimefon (Triazole), and the insecticide carbaryl were included for comparison. All materials tested were effective in controlling black spot (Marssonina rosae, anamorph Diplocarpon rosae) and powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa) of roses. Kaolin was effective in reducing disease severity of bacterial leaf spot (Xanthomonas campestris) on oakleaf hydrangea and powdery mildew of crapemyrtle. Based on data from repeated trials, the biopesticides were as effective as conventional fungicides in suppressing foliar diseases. Kaolin clay was as effective as carbaryl in controlling Japanese beetle adult feeding damage on oakleaf hydrangea, roses, and crapemyrtle, but other products were not effective. Results from this study indicate kaolin clay may be an alternative product to conventional pesticides in foliar diseases and insect pest management for roses, oakleaf hydrangea, and crapemyrtle.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Three Rose Genotypes to Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Adult Feeding

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Paul Tiddens ◽  
Raymond Cloyd
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Public Gardens ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Rose

Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) adults are a major insect pest of cultivated roses, causing extensive feeding damage to both foliage and flowers. Insecticides are primarily used to minimize adult injury to roses; however, insecticides may be harmful to natural enemies and their use may be restricted, particularly in public gardens. An alternative management strategy is the use of rose genotypes that express some level of herbivore tolerance. However, there is little information on rose genotypes that are tolerant or less susceptible to adult Japanese beetle leaf feeding. This study evaluated the susceptibility of three new rose genotypes introduced into the Crasberg Rose Garden at the Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois, U.S. The genotypes were Rosa ‘Radrazz’ Knock Out™, Rosa ‘Crimson Bouquet,’ and Rosa ‘Love and Peace.’ Two laboratory experiments, a no-choice and multiple-choice leaf-feeding assay, were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to assess susceptibility of the new rose and two established genotypes to Japanese beetle adult feeding. Although there were significant statistical differences between the rose genotypes, in almost all cases the mean percentage damage rating exceeded 50%. Mean percentage damage ratings for the 2002 and 2003 no-choice experiments ranged from 15% to 78% and 60% to 75%, respectively. Mean percentage damage ratings for the 2002 and 2003 multiple-choice experiments ranged from 34% to 58% and 47% to 53%, respectively. These results indicate that all the rose genotypes tested are susceptible to Japanese beetle adult feeding and may not be appropriate selections for use in areas with established Japanese beetle populations.

POPILLIA JAPONICA (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE): DISTRIBUTION AND MOVEMENT OF ADULTS IN HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Régnière ◽  
Robert L. Rabb ◽  
R. E. Stinner
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Marginal Production ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Eastern North Carolina

AbstractAdult Japanese beetle populations were sampled continuously during the summers of 1978 and 1979 in two agricultural stations in eastern North Carolina. Patterns in trap capture were used to develop a conceptual model of the movements of this insect in agricultural areas. A partition of land area is proposed, based on four categories of sites from the point of view of suitability to this insect's reproduction and survival: (1) intensive production sites, (2) marginal production sites, (3) migration alleys, and (4) adult feeding sites. This partition is suggested as a framework for discussion and study of the population dynamics of the insect.

Size and shape assortative mating in Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica)

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 691-695
Author(s):  
Clint D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Temporal Autocorrelation ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Similar Body

Assortative mating is hypothesized to be a product of sexual selection, mating constraints, or temporal autocorrelation. I test these hypotheses in the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman, 1841), a sexually size dimorphic invasive insect pest in North America, by measuring the size and shape of bodies and wings of pair members in a wild population. Because male P. japonica prefer to mate with larger females and larger males outcompete rivals for mating opportunities, sexual selection is expected to produce size-related assortative mating. The current study did not support this hypothesis. The mating constraints hypothesis was also not supported because beetle pairs did not have similar body shapes. I, however, did find support for the temporal autocorrelation hypothesis as the wing size and shape of pair members were significantly correlated. This mating pattern likely arises due to individuals with larger and more slender wings arriving earlier at aggregation sites and pairing according to their arrival sequence. Although I found less support for the sexual selection hypothesis, I argue that mate choice might play an important, but secondary, role to temporal autocorrelation in explaining assortative mating in Japanese beetles.

scholarly journals Sexual selection on size and shape in Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica)

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clint D Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Selection For

Abstract The mobility hypothesis argues that species in which males compete for mates in scrambles often exhibit female-biased size dimorphism because smaller male body size should increase male mobility and success in searching for mates. Sexual dimorphism can be further exaggerated if fecundity or sexual selection concurrently selects for larger female size. Scramble competition can select for trait characteristics that optimize locomotion; for example, long and slender wings should be favored if aerial speed is important to mating success. I tested these predictions in the scrambling Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica), a female-biased size dimorphic insect pest that is invasive to North America. Multivariate selection analyses support the prediction that smaller body size and larger wings in males benefit their mating success. My analyses also revealed significant selection for larger wings in females but, contrary to prediction, direct sexual selection favors smaller body size in females. These results support the mobility hypothesis and partially explain the evolution of female-biased size dimorphism in this species. Sexual selection favored rounder bodies in females and more tapered bodies in males, whereas, in both sexes, the effect of wing shape appears less important to fitness than wing size.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dogwood and Birch Species and Cultivars for Resistance to Key Insect Pests and Diseases

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Monte P. Johnson ◽  
John R. Hartman ◽  
Robert E. McNiel ◽  
William M. Fountain
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Bronze Birch Borer ◽  
Dogwood Borer

Abstract Ten cultivars of dogwoods (Cornus spp.) were evaluated in multi-year trials for relative reisistance to the dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula (Harris); cold injury; canker disease, Botryosphaeria dothidea; spot anthracnose, Elsinoe corni; and powdery mildew, Oidium sp., Microsphaera sp., and Phyllactinia sp. Similarly, eight cultivars of birch (Betula spp.) were evaluated for resistance to the birch leafminer, Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier); Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman; aphids, Hamamelistes spinosus Shimer; the bronze birch borer, Agrilus anxius Gory; and leaf-spot, Cryptocline betularum. All cultivars of C. florida, C. kousa and C. kousa x florida were susceptible to dogwood borer, although the C. florida cultivars were surviving better than the others. Cornus mas and C. kousa cultivars were relatively resistant to powdery mildew while C. florida x kousa hybrids and C. florida ‘Cherokee Brave’ were intermediately resistant. Betula platyphylla szechuanica ‘Purpurea’ was highly susceptible to the bronze birch borer, whereas B. nigra and B. n. ‘Heritage’ were the most susceptible birches to aphid damage. Betula jacquemontii was highly susceptible to Japanese beetle defoliation. Betula pendula, B. nigra, and B. n. ‘Heritage’ were most susceptible to defoliation by birch leaf spot. This study suggests that dogwood and birch cultivars vary in susceptibility to key insect pests and diseases. Planting relatively resistant cultivars may be useful in managing perennial pests in urban landscapes.

scholarly journals First Report of Japanese Beetle (Popillia japonica) as a Vector of Southern bean mosaic virus and Bean pod mottle virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Wickizer ◽  
R. C. Gergerich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Bean Pod Mottle Virus ◽  
Southern Bean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Bait Plants ◽  
Test Plants

The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), was introduced into the United States in New Jersey in 1916 and now commonly occurs in the eastern and mid-western United States. The Japanese beetle has a wide host range and feeds on more than 300 plant species within 79 families (2), but it has not been reported to be a vector of plant viruses. Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV; genus Sobemovirus) and Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV; family Comoviridae, genus Comovirus) are transmitted by several species of leaf-feeding beetles in the families Coccinelidae and Chrysomelidae (1). Japanese beetles, collected in northwestern Arkansas with a JB Jumbo insect trap (Great Lakes IPM, Inc., Vestaburg, MI), were tested to determine if they are able to transmit SBMV and BPMV. The beetles were given a 24-h acquisition access (individually in plastic petri dishes) to detached trifoliolate leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris ‘Black Valentine’ systemically infected with either BPMV or SBMV. Beetles that had fed on the infected bean leaves (as evidenced by feeding damage to the leaves) were caged individually in clear plastic cups on healthy ‘Black Valentine’ bean seedlings for a 24-h transmission access period. The test plants were grown in the greenhouse for 2 weeks after which they were evaluated for virus infection. In the first trial, BPMV was not transmitted (0 of 11 bait plants with feeding damage), whereas SBMV was efficiently transmitted (6 of 6 bait plants with feeding damage) as determined by agar-gel double-diffusion serology of test plants using polyclonal antibodies to SBMV and BPMV. In a second trial, with a different set of beetles, the transmission rate for BPMV was 3 of 46 (6.5%) and 33 of 43 (77%) for SBMV, and the test plants were evaluated for virus infection using Protein A ELISA. The higher transmission efficiency of SBMV by Japanese beetles when compared with BPMV is characteristic of these two viruses when they are transmitted by other leaffeeding beetles (1). These results are in contrast to an earlier report that Japanese beetles were not able to transmit BPMV from infected soybeans to healthy soybeans in Illinois (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report that the Japanese beetle, an introduced insect with a wide host range in the United States, is a vector of plant viruses. References: (1) J. P. Fulton et al. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 25:111. 1987. (2) D. W. Held. J. Aboricult. 30:328, 2004. (3) T. R. Mabry et al. Plant Dis. 87:1221, 2003.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the Brassica oleracea L. chitin-binding genes and response to pathogens infections

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 253 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingzhao Zhu ◽  
Shujin Lu ◽  
Mu Zhuang ◽  
Yangyong Zhang ◽  
Honghao Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Chitinase Gene ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Abstract Main conclusion Chitinase family genes were involved in the response of Brassica oleracea to Fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, black spot and downy mildew. Abstract Abstract Chitinase, a category of pathogenesis-related proteins, is believed to play an important role in defending against external stress in plants. However, a comprehensive analysis of the chitin-binding gene family has not been reported to date in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), especially regarding the roles that chitinases play in response to various diseases. In this study, a total of 20 chitinase genes were identified using a genome-wide search method. Phylogenetic analysis was employed to classify these genes into two groups. The genes were distributed unevenly across six chromosomes in cabbage, and all of them contained few introns (≤ 2). The results of collinear analysis showed that the cabbage genome contained 1–5 copies of each chitinase gene (excluding Bol035470) identified in Arabidopsis. The heatmap of the chitinase gene family showed that these genes were expressed in various tissues and organs. Two genes (Bol023322 and Bol041024) were relatively highly expressed in all of the investigated tissues under normal conditions, exhibiting the expression characteristics of housekeeping genes. In addition, under four different stresses, namely, Fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, black spot and downy mildew, we detected 9, 5, 8 and 8 genes with different expression levels in different treatments, respectively. Our results may help to elucidate the roles played by chitinases in the responses of host plants to various diseases.

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