scholarly journals First Report of Japanese Beetle (Popillia japonica) as a Vector of Southern bean mosaic virus and Bean pod mottle virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Wickizer ◽  
R. C. Gergerich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Bean Pod Mottle Virus ◽  
Southern Bean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Bait Plants ◽  
Test Plants

The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), was introduced into the United States in New Jersey in 1916 and now commonly occurs in the eastern and mid-western United States. The Japanese beetle has a wide host range and feeds on more than 300 plant species within 79 families (2), but it has not been reported to be a vector of plant viruses. Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV; genus Sobemovirus) and Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV; family Comoviridae, genus Comovirus) are transmitted by several species of leaf-feeding beetles in the families Coccinelidae and Chrysomelidae (1). Japanese beetles, collected in northwestern Arkansas with a JB Jumbo insect trap (Great Lakes IPM, Inc., Vestaburg, MI), were tested to determine if they are able to transmit SBMV and BPMV. The beetles were given a 24-h acquisition access (individually in plastic petri dishes) to detached trifoliolate leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris ‘Black Valentine’ systemically infected with either BPMV or SBMV. Beetles that had fed on the infected bean leaves (as evidenced by feeding damage to the leaves) were caged individually in clear plastic cups on healthy ‘Black Valentine’ bean seedlings for a 24-h transmission access period. The test plants were grown in the greenhouse for 2 weeks after which they were evaluated for virus infection. In the first trial, BPMV was not transmitted (0 of 11 bait plants with feeding damage), whereas SBMV was efficiently transmitted (6 of 6 bait plants with feeding damage) as determined by agar-gel double-diffusion serology of test plants using polyclonal antibodies to SBMV and BPMV. In a second trial, with a different set of beetles, the transmission rate for BPMV was 3 of 46 (6.5%) and 33 of 43 (77%) for SBMV, and the test plants were evaluated for virus infection using Protein A ELISA. The higher transmission efficiency of SBMV by Japanese beetles when compared with BPMV is characteristic of these two viruses when they are transmitted by other leaffeeding beetles (1). These results are in contrast to an earlier report that Japanese beetles were not able to transmit BPMV from infected soybeans to healthy soybeans in Illinois (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report that the Japanese beetle, an introduced insect with a wide host range in the United States, is a vector of plant viruses. References: (1) J. P. Fulton et al. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 25:111. 1987. (2) D. W. Held. J. Aboricult. 30:328, 2004. (3) T. R. Mabry et al. Plant Dis. 87:1221, 2003.

scholarly journals Blackberry Cultivar Feeding Preference of Adult Japanese Beetles

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-889
Author(s):  
Maciej A. Pszczolkowski ◽  
Kyndra Chastain ◽  
Rachel Veenstra ◽  
Martin L. Kaps
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
The United States ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Beetle Damage

The Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) is one of the most widespread and destructive invasive insect pests in the eastern United States. Blackberry (Rubus sp.) production in the United States has increased significantly in recent years. With the introduction of new blackberry cultivars, insect resistance should become the focus of further breeding efforts. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the susceptibility of 13 blackberry cultivars to the Japanese beetle. The seasonal population dynamics of this insect, beetle damage to blackberry foliage, and beetle preference of blackberry cultivars were monitored from 2016 to 2018 on a blackberry plantation in Mountain Grove, MO. Japanese beetles feeding on blackberries occurred between 814 to 1251 cumulative degree-days (CDD; base, 10 °C) after 1 Jan. The following cultivars were evaluated: Apache, APF-40, Arapaho, Chester, Chickasaw, Kiowa, Natchez, Osage, Ouachita, Prime-Ark 45, Prime-Jan, Prime-Jim, and Triple Crown. Foliage damage incidence, defined as average percentage of leaves damaged by beetles on a given cane, did not differ among the cultivars. However, average severity of damage, estimated by rating on a scale from 0 (least) to 5 (most) of all damaged leaves on a given cane was different among cultivars. Ouachita and APF-40 exhibited the lowest damage severity rating among floricanes and primocanes, respectively. Apache (a floricane) and Prim-Jan (a primocane) were the most susceptible cultivars. Japanese beetle preferences for cultivars correlated with the degree of foliage damage. Because all blackberry cultivars exhibited similar foliage feeding incidence, but different feeding severity, we suggest the Japanese beetle does not differentiate among blackberry cultivars from a distance, but does upon contact with the foliage of a given plant.

scholarly journals A Survey of Viruses Affecting French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Iran Includes a First Report of Southern bean mosaic virus and Bean pod mottle virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 1012-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shahraeen ◽  
T. Ghotbi ◽  
A. Dezaje Elkhache ◽  
A. Sahandi
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Bean Pod Mottle Virus ◽  
Southern Bean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Leaf Distortion ◽  
Test Plants ◽  
Das Elisa

A survey was conducted from 2003 to 2004 to identify viruses infecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in different growing areas of East Azarbaejan Province of Iran. A total of 300 French bean samples with symptoms of viral infection (mosaic, vein clearing, leaf rolling, yellowing, and leaf distortion) were collected. The samples were tested for eight viruses using the tissue-blot immunoassay procedures (TBIA) (2) and double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) according to the manufacturer's instructions (DSMZ, Braun-schweig, Germany). ELISA tests for Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Bean leaf roll virus (BLRV), and Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) were used. In addition, antiserum was provided by S. A. Ghabrial (University of Kentucky, Lexington) to test for Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV). Serological tests showed that SBMV and BPMV were present in 12% (35 samples) and 5% (15 samples) of samples, respectively. BCMV, BCMNV, BYMV, BLRV, CMV, and AMV were more common and were detected in 155, 105, 80, 46, 30, and 10 samples of 300 samples, respectively. These six viruses were previously reported in other pulses and in French bean in Iran (1). The presence of SBMV and BPMV were verified in samples by transmission to French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and soybean (Glycine max) indicator test plants (3,4). Inoculation with extracts from SBMV-positive plants produced systemic mottle and mosaic symptoms in soybean (cv. Gorgan-3) and French bean (cvs. Dubbele Witte and Cheete). In cowpea (cv. Mashad) and French bean (cv. Pinto), inoculation produced necrotic local lesions. Inoculation with extracts from BPMV-positive plants produced severe mosaic, leaf distortion, and puckering in soybean (cv. Gorgan-3) and French bean (cv. Ten-dergreen). No symptoms were observed in cowpea (cv. Mashad). Cvs. Pinto and Bountiful bean reacted with necrotic local lesions. All indicator test plants tested positive for the presence of SBMV or BPMV as expected using DAS-ELISA. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BPMV and SBMV naturally infecting French bean in Iran. These viruses can cause a serious problem to other leguminous crops grown in Iran. References: (1) W. J. Kaiser et al. Plant Dis. Rep. 52:687, 1968. (2) K. M. Makkouk and A. Comeau. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 100:71, 1994. (3) J. S. Semancik. Bean pod mottle virus. No. 108 in: Descriptions of Plant Viruses. CMI/AAB, Kew, Surrey, England, 1972. (4) J. H. Tremain and R. I. Hamilton. Southern bean mosaic virus. No. 274 in: Descriptions of Plant Viruses. CMI/AAB, Kew, Surrey, England, 1983.

scholarly journals Results from Hop Cultivar Trials in Mid-Atlantic United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Laban K. Rutto ◽  
Yixiang Xu ◽  
Shuxin Ren ◽  
Holly Scoggins ◽  
Jeanine Davis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Craft Beer ◽  
The North

‘Hop’ (Humulus lupulus) cultivar trials were conducted at sites in three Virginia counties (Northampton, Chesterfield, and Madison) in response to demand by the craft beer industry for local ingredients. In 2016, a replicated study involving five cultivars (Cascade, Chinook, Newport, Nugget, and Zeus) was established on an 18-ft-tall trellis system at each site. Weather data influencing infectivity of downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora humuli) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera macularis), two economically important hop diseases, was collected, and to the extent possible, similar cultural practices were applied at each site. Climatic conditions favorable to P. humuli and P. macularis were present throughout the experimental period, and P. humuli infection was widespread at all sites starting from 2017. Among common pests, Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) was the only one observed to cause significant damage. Unseasonably high rainfall in 2018 led to crop failure at all but the Northampton site, and harvesting was done at all sites only in 2017 and 2019. Yields (kilograms per hectare by weight) in 2017 were found to be ≥45% lower than second-year estimates for yards in the north and northwestern United States. Quality attributes (α and β acids; essential oil) for cones harvested from the Chesterfield site were comparable to published ranges for ‘Cascade’ in 2019, but lower for the other cultivars. More work is needed to identify or develop cultivars better suited to conditions in the southeastern United States. The influence of terroir on quality of commercial cultivars produced in the region should also be examined.

Japanese Beetle, Popillia japonica Newman (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2005 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamba Gyeltshen ◽  
Amanda Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Field Crops

The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, is a widespread and destructive pest of turf, landscape, and ornamental plants in the United States. It is also a pest of several fruit, garden, and field crops, and has a total host range of more than 300 plant species. Adult Japanese beetles feed on foliage, flowers, and fruits. Leaves are typically skeletonized or left with only tough network of veins. The larvae, commonly known as white grubs, primarily feed on roots of grasses often destroying turf in lawns, parks, and golf courses. Currently the Japanese beetle is the most widespread pest of turfgrass and costs the turf and ornamental industry approximately $450 million each year in management alone (Potter and Held 2002). This document is EENY-350, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: June 2005. EENY350/IN630: Japanese Beetle, Popillia japonica Newman (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals Bemisia tabaci on Vegetables in the Southern United States: Incidence, Impact, and Management

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Yinping Li ◽  
George N. Mbata ◽  
Somashekhar Punnuri ◽  
Alvin M. Simmons ◽  
David I. Shapiro-Ilan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Plant Damage

Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is among the most economically important insect pests of various vegetable crops in the Southern United States. This insect is considered a complex of at least 40 morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species. Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) was initially introduced in the United States around 1985 and has since rapidly spread across the Southern United States to Texas, Arizona, and California, where extreme field outbreaks have occurred on vegetable and other crops. This pest creates extensive plant damage through direct feeding on vegetables, secreting honeydew, causing plant physiological disorders, and vectoring plant viruses. The direct and indirect plant damage in vegetable crops has resulted in enormous economic losses in the Southern United States, especially in Florida, Georgia, and Texas. Effective management of B. tabaci on vegetables relies mainly on the utilization of chemical insecticides, particularly neonicotinoids. However, B. tabaci has developed considerable resistance to most insecticides. Therefore, alternative integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are required, such as cultural control by manipulation of production practices, resistant vegetable varieties, and biological control using a suite of natural enemies for the management of the pest.

scholarly journals The Potential Global Distribution and Voltinism of the Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Under Current and Future Climates

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Jean Kistner-Thomas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Niche Model ◽  
Rcp 8.5

Abstract Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Newman), is a severe invasive insect pest of turf, landscapes, and horticultural crops. It has successfully colonized much of the United States and has recently established in mainland Europe. The distribution and voltinism of P. japonica will undoubtedly change as a consequence of climate change, posing additional challenges to the management of this species. To assess these challenges, a process-oriented bioclimatic niche model for P. japonica was developed to examine its potential global distribution under current (1981–2010) and projected climatic conditions (2040–2059) using one emission scenario (representative concentration pathway [RCP] 8.5) and two global climate models, ACCESS1-0 and CNRM-CM5. Under current climatic conditions, the bioclimatic niche model agreed well with all credible distribution data. Model projections indicate a strong possibility of further range expansion throughout mainland Europe under both current and future climates. In North America, projected increases in temperature would enable northward range expansion across Canada while simultaneously shifting southern range limits in the United States. In Europe, the suitable range for P. japonica would increase by 23% by midcentury, especially across portions of the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Scandinavia. Under the RCP 8.5 scenario, cumulative growing degree-days increased, thereby reducing the probability of biannual life cycles in northern latitudes where they can occur, including Hokkaido, Japan, northeastern portions of the United States, and southern Ontario, Canada. The results of this study highlight several regions of increasing and emerging risk from P. japonica that should be considered routinely in ongoing biosecurity and pest management surveys.

scholarly journals Effect of Biopesticides on Foliar Diseases and Japanese Beetle (Popillia japonica) Adults in Roses (Rosaspp.), Oakleaf Hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia), and Crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica)

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-219
Author(s):  
M.T. Mmbaga ◽  
J.B. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Adult Feeding

This study evaluated efficacy of biopesticides for reducing foliar diseases and feeding damage from Japanese beetle adults on hybrid T rose (Rosa spp.), oakleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia), and crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica). The materials tested included household soaps with Triclosan active ingredient (Equate® and Ajax®), kaolin clay (Surround®), neem seed oil extract (Triact 70® and Neem Gold®), potassium salt of fatty acids (M-Pede®), horticultural oil (UltraFine® Sunspray oil), and bicarbonate salt (Armicarb®) applied to plants grown under greenhouse, shadehouse, and field conditions. Two fungicides, trifloxystrobin (Strobilurin) and triadimefon (Triazole), and the insecticide carbaryl were included for comparison. All materials tested were effective in controlling black spot (Marssonina rosae, anamorph Diplocarpon rosae) and powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa) of roses. Kaolin was effective in reducing disease severity of bacterial leaf spot (Xanthomonas campestris) on oakleaf hydrangea and powdery mildew of crapemyrtle. Based on data from repeated trials, the biopesticides were as effective as conventional fungicides in suppressing foliar diseases. Kaolin clay was as effective as carbaryl in controlling Japanese beetle adult feeding damage on oakleaf hydrangea, roses, and crapemyrtle, but other products were not effective. Results from this study indicate kaolin clay may be an alternative product to conventional pesticides in foliar diseases and insect pest management for roses, oakleaf hydrangea, and crapemyrtle.

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