scholarly journals Bergamot Essential Oil (Citrus bergamia) sebagai Terapi Alternatif Lanjutan untuk Komplikasi Kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 011-016
Author(s):  
Intan Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Linalyl Acetate ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Citrus Bergamia

Kegiatan yang disukai oleh semua orang untuk mengisi waktu luang, terkhusumya disukai oleh laki-laki, adalah bermain game online atau video-game. Meningkatnya durasi bermain game dapat menimbulkan kecanduan bermain game dan rasa resah jika tidak bermain game. Jika hal ini terus berlanjut dapat berkembang menjadi Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) atau gaming disorder. Pada tahun 2018, International Classification of Diseases (ICD) mengeluarkan revisi ke-11 dan menyatakan bahwa “gaming disorder” resmi dinyatakan sebagai penyakit.  IGD juga dapat berpotensi menyebabkan depresi, kesulitan sosial, ADHD, dan penyalahgunaan zat. Buah dari tanaman bergamot (Citrus bergamia) dapat digunakan untuk minyak esensial bergamot (BEO) dengan cara memerut dan cold pressing kulit buah. Minyak esensial bergamot banyak digunakan sebagai aromaterapi untuk meningkatkan suasana hati dan gejala-gejala gangguan stres. Bahan - bahan aromatik yang digunakan pada aromaterapi akan merangsang sistem saraf otonom sehingga saat reseptor akan menerima BEO dengan kandungan linalyl acetate dan linalool. Bau akan dihantarkan ke sistem limbik sehingga dapat memperbaiki suasana hati dan memicu pengeluaran hormon serotonin dan endorfin

scholarly journals EEG response to game-craving according to personal preference for games

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihyeon Ha ◽  
Wanjoo Park ◽  
Sang In Park ◽  
Chang-Hwan Im ◽  
Laehyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Recently, the World Health Organization included ‘gaming disorder’ in its latest revision of the international classification of diseases (ICD-11). Despite extensive research on internet gaming disorder (IGD), few studies have addressed game-related stimuli eliciting craving, which plays an important role in addiction. Particularly, most previous studies did not consider personal preferences in games presented to subjects as stimuli. In this study, we compared neurophysiological responses elicited for favorite game (FG) videos and non-favorite game (NFG) videos. We aimed to demonstrate neurophysiological characteristics according to the game preference in the IGD group. We measured participants’ electroencephalogram (EEG) while they watched FG, NFG and neutral videos. For FG videos, the parieto-occipital theta power (TPPO) were significantly increased compared with those for NFG videos (P < 0.05, paired t-test). TPPO also differed significantly between the healthy control and IGD groups only on FG videos controlling covariate (TPPO on neutral videos) (P < 0.05, analysis of covariance [ANCOVA]). And TPPO was significantly correlated to self-reported craving score only on FG videos (r = 0.334, P < 0.05). In the present study, we demonstrate that FG videos induce higher TPPO than that induced by NFG videos in the IGD group and TPPO is a reliable EEG feature associated with craving for gaming.

scholarly journals Application of the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases gaming disorder criteria to treatment-seeking patients: Comparison with the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Internet gaming disorder criteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
Susumu Higuchi ◽  
Hideki Nakayama ◽  
Takanobu Matsuzaki ◽  
Satoko Mihara ◽  
Takashi Kitayuguchi
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Treatment Seekers

AbstractBackground and aimsThe World Health Organization included gaming disorder (GD) in the eleventh revision of International Classification of Diseases in 2019. Due to the lack of diagnostic tools for GD, a definition has not been adequately applied. Therefore, this study aimed to apply an operationalized definition of GD to treatment-seekers. The relationship between the diagnoses of GD and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders was also examined. Methods: Study participants comprised 241 treatment-seekers who had engaged in excessive gaming and experienced related problems. Psychiatrists applied the GD diagnostic criteria to the participants using a diagnostic form developed for this study. Information on gaming behavior and functional impairment was obtained through face-to-face interviews conducted by clinical psychologists. Results: In total, 78.4 and 83.0% of the participants fulfilled the GD and IGD diagnostic criteria, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of GD diagnosis were both high when the IGD diagnosis was used as the gold standard. Participants with GD preferred online PC and console games, spent significantly more time gaming, and showed a higher level of functional impairment compared to those who did not fulfill the GD diagnostic criteria. Discussion and Conclusion: The definition of GD can be successfully applied to treatment-seekers with excessive gaming and related problems. A high concordance of GD and IGD diagnoses was found in those participants with relatively severe symptoms. The development and validation of a diagnostic tool for GD should be explored in future studies.

scholarly journals Measuring Internet Gaming Disorder and Gaming Disorder: A Qualitative Content Validity Analysis of Validated Scales

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110554
Author(s):  
Veli-Matti Karhulahti ◽  
Marcel Martončik ◽  
Matúš Adamkovič
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Validity Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Classification Of Diseases

Numerous instruments have been developed to measure gaming-related health problems based on “internet gaming disorder” (IGD) in the third section of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) and “gaming disorder” (GD) in the International Classification of Diseases (11th rev.). However, the criteria in the manuals tend to be operationalized in numerous diverse ways, which can make screening outcomes incomparable. A content validity analysis is needed to reassess the relationships between the diagnostic criteria and the items that operationalize them. The IGD and GD criteria were divided into sematic components. A qualitative content validity analysis was carried out for all items employed by the 17 instruments that claim to measure either construct by their criteria in English. In all but one instrument, the operationalizations did not include all criterion components. There were two main reasons found for this: the components had simply been left out or had been alternatively modified into other components. Criteria that were vaguely described in the manuals were sources of lower content validity items. The study implies that many of the problems in IGD and GD measurement derive from criteria operationalization and original manual descriptions. The conclusion provides practical recommendations that researchers can apply to improve the content validity of their measurement.

Wann machen digitale Spiele krank?

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
David Mikusky ◽  
Birgit Abler
Keyword(s):  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Statistical Classification ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Statistical Classification

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGComputer-, Video- und Mobilespiele (digitale Spiele) sind ein weit verbreitetes Massenmedium, das in allen Altersklassen und sozialen Schichten vertreten ist. Damit im Zusammenhang stehende Krankheitsbilder sind im Abschnitt für Forschungsdiagnosen des Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) als Internet Gaming Disorder und den Vorabversionen der International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) als Gaming Disorder definiert. In der Literatur kontrovers diskutiert wird neben der Notwendigkeit einer möglichen Überpathologisierung von Alltagsverhalten die nosologische Einordnung als Suchterkrankung versus Impulskontrollstörung. Hinweise zur Einordnung als Suchtverhalten geben zum einen Validierungsstudien der Diagnosekriterien, in welchen mit Toleranzentwicklung, Kontrollverlust und Vernachlässigung anderer Aktivitäten allgemeine Suchtkriterien zur Voraussage einer Beeinträchtigung als geeignet eingeschätzt werden. Zum anderen zeigen neurobiologische und bildgebende Befunde eine deutliche Übereinstimmung der Veränderungen bei Konsumenten digitaler Spiele mit denen, wie sie auch bei stoffgebundenen Suchterkrankungen beobachtet wurden. Hilfreich bei einer Risikoeinschätzung für die Entwicklung eines psychiatrisch relevanten Syndroms kann die Kenntnis von Spielmechaniken und Bezahlmodellen digitaler Spiele sein, welche nach lerntheoretischer Konzeption zur Entstehung beitragen können: Gestaffelter Fortschritt im Spiel (Progressionssysteme) mit an saliente Reize gekoppelte Belohnungen zur Charakteraufwertung, der Spieleinstieg ohne Bezahlung (free-to-play), Erwerb von Spielfortschritt und Individualisierungsoptionen (In-Game-Items) durch Kleinstbeträge (Mikrotransaktionen) und an Zufall gekoppelte Belohnungen mit der Möglichkeit, digitale Münzwürfe zu erwerben (Lootboxen) können die Entwicklung von Suchtverhalten fördern.

scholarly journals Motivasi Bermain Game dan Mediasi Orangtua dengan Kecenderungan Adiksi Video Game pada Anak

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Asti Adwitiya ◽  
Supra Wimbarti
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Internet Gaming

Adiksi video game menjadi perhatian para peneliti di dunia, ditandai munculnya adiksi video game dalam DSM 5 sebagai internet gaming disorder. Namun kebanyakan penelitian tersebut masih berfokus pada remaja meski saat ini, mayoritas anak-anak juga sudah bermain video game dengan berbagai tingkatan motivasi yang melatarbelakanginya. Orangtua sebagai pihak yang memfasilitasi anak dengan perangkat untuk bermain game perlu memediasi interaksi anak dengan game yang dimainkannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara motivasi bermain video game dan mediasi orangtua terhadap kecenderungan adiksi video game. Penelitian ini melibatkan 233 anak berusia 9-12 tahun (110 laki-laki ; 123 perempuan).. Analisis jalur yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa mediasi gatekeeping menjadi moderator hubungan antara motivasi bermain dengan kecenderungan adiksi video game.

scholarly journals A History and Overview of Video Game Addiction

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Mark D. Griffiths ◽  
Halley M. Pontes
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Gaming Addiction ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Video Game Addiction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Game Addiction ◽  
Published Evidence

The past decade has witnessed a significant increase in the number of empirical studies examining various aspects of problematic video game play, video game addiction, and, more recently, gaming disorder. This chapter begins with a brief past history of how research into video game addiction has developed during the past four decades in the 1980s (arcade video game addiction), 1990s (home console video game addiction), and 2000s and beyond (online video game addiction). The chapter also overviews the features of gaming addiction, its prevalence rates, demographics and gaming addiction, negative consequences of excessive video game use, Internet gaming disorder and the DSM-5, and treatment of gaming addiction. Based on the published evidence, particularly from studies conducted in the past decade, it appears that, in extreme cases, excessive gaming can have potentially damaging effects on individuals who appear to display compulsive and/or addictive behavior similar to other more traditional addictions. However, the field has been hindered by the use of inconsistent and nonstandardized criteria to assess and identify problematic and/or addictive video game use.

Validity, functional impairment and complications related to Internet gaming disorder in the DSM-5 and gaming disorder in the ICD-11

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 707-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hung Ko ◽  
Huang-Chi Lin ◽  
Pai-Cheng Lin ◽  
Ju-Yu Yen
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Delayed Sleep Phase

Background: Many concerns have been raised regarding the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) criteria for Internet gaming disorder and International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11) criteria for gaming disorder. Aims: In this study, we demonstrated the diagnostic validity of each criterion for Internet gaming disorder in the DSM-5 in terms of their intensity and frequency thresholds and evaluated functional impairments, unhealthy behaviors and complications among adults with Internet gaming disorder and gaming disorder. Methods: We recruited 69 subjects with Internet gaming disorder, 69 regular gamers and 69 controls without regular gaming based on diagnostic interviewing conducted by a psychiatrist according to the DSM-5 Internet gaming disorder criteria. Results: Except for the ‘deceiving’ and ‘escapism’ criteria, all criteria for Internet gaming disorder had a diagnostic accuracy ranging from 84.7% to 93.5% in differentiating between adults with Internet gaming disorder and regular gamers. A total of 44 participants with Internet gaming disorder (63.8%) fulfilled the gaming disorder criteria. In addition, 89% and 100% of the Internet gaming disorder and gaming disorder groups, respectively, had academic, occupational or social functional impairment. Both the Internet gaming disorder and gaming disorder groups had higher rates of delayed sleep phase syndrome and insomnia. The gaming disorder group also had a higher obesity proportion. Conclusion: The ‘deceiving’ and ‘escapism’ criteria had relatively lower diagnostic accuracy. Both the Internet gaming disorder and gaming disorder groups demonstrated functional impairments and unhealthy behaviors. They also exhibited complications, such as obesity and sleep disorders. These results support the utility of the DSM-5 Internet gaming disorder and ICD-11 gaming disorder criteria in identifying individuals who need treatment for both gaming addiction symptoms and complications resulting from the addiction.

Video game addiction: Providing evidence for Internet gaming disorder through a systematic review of clinical studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S306-S306 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Lopez-Fernandez ◽  
D. Kuss ◽  
H. Pontes ◽  
M. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Gaming Addiction ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Included Patient ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Research Studies

IntroductionThe American Psychiatric Association introduced in Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in the appendix as a tentative disorder in the last edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. However, currently no systematic review exists about excessive gaming viewed from a clinical perspective.Objectives and aimsTo review clinical studies on gaming addiction in order to ascertain characteristics of both clinical and research studies to provide retrospective evidence in relation with the proposed IGD classification (including criteria, measures and therapies).MethodsA systematic literature review of studies published from 1980 to 2015 has been conducted using three major psychology databases: Academic Search Complete, PsycInfo, and PsycArticles. A total of 5033 results from peer-reviewed journals were obtained, where 32 were identified as empirical clinical papers focused on gaming addiction.ResultsThe clinical research studies on gaming identified were published between 1998 and 2015, most of which included patient samples. Categorizations identified in the research papers included: (i) patients’ characteristics (e.g., socio-demographics), (ii) criteria and measures used (e.g., scales to diagnose), (iii) types of gaming problems (e.g., game genre), (iv) and treatments (e.g., type of therapy).ConclusionsFindings will be discussed against the background of the controversial IGD diagnostic criteria proposed in the DSM-5 in order to assess the extent to which previously published clinical knowledge matched the current proposal for including gaming addiction as behavioral addiction in the next diagnostic manual.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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