scholarly journals INTEGRATING LASER SCANNING AND GEO-MECHANICAL SURVEY IN CONSERVATIVE RESTORATION; THE CASE OF FIRST WORLD WAR’S CIMA GRAPPA MILITARY SHRINE, ITALY.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Mugnai ◽  
Paolo Farina ◽  
Grazia Tucci
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
General Description ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Restoration Project ◽  
Rock Mass Characterization ◽  
The One ◽  
Conservative Restoration ◽  
The Military ◽  
First World

The work presents results obtained performing a survey campaign specifically designed to formulate an effective restoration project in a critical context. Within the remarkable project, promoted and financed by the Italian Presidency of the Council of the Ministers, and the Italian Ministry of Defence, for designing the conservative restoration plan of the Military Shrine in Cima Grappa (Italy), the assessment of the overall tunnels’ stability and a report of the state of conservation of the underground area has been produced. Exploiting the most advanced laser scanning survey technique, and some specific algorithms for point cloud analysis, several outputs have been generated, in particular a detailed geometrical 3D reconstructions of man-made and natural tunnels coating materials, geo-mechanical survey of rock mass, map of rock collapses and cinematic analysis of instability processes. The integration of Laser Scanning technique with the most commonly used Scan-line survey for rock-mass characterization and architectural surveys, allowed to perform advances analysis even in a high-risk study area as the one considered in the restoration project, which is represented by a predominant subterranean development. Most of the tunnels and underground spaces, displayed rock collapses and diffuse active instability processes that certainly could have drastically slowed down surveys and analysis. The adopted techniques allowed to rapidly proceed in acquiring data end to deliver sound outputs. This paper aims to report both a general description of the project, spending some words on the historical value of the place and describing the complex environment of work, and a detailed depiction of the performed survey activities with particular attention in showing laser scanning survey and the obtained results.

scholarly journals LASER SCANNING AND POINT CLOUD SEGMENTATION FOR CONTACTLESS GEO-MECHANICAL SURVEYING: CONSERVATIVE RESTORATION IN HYPOGEUM ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-M-1-2021 ◽  
pp. 455-461
Author(s):  
F. Mugnai
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Point Cloud Segmentation ◽  
Survey Technique ◽  
Advanced Analysis ◽  
Scan Line ◽  
Conservative Restoration ◽  
The Military

Abstract. The work presents a survey campaign specifically designed to formulate an effective restoration project in a Cultural Heritage context, the Military Shrine in Cima Grappa (Italy). Several outputs have been generated by exploring the most advanced laser scanning survey technique and some specific point cloud analysis algorithms. A detailed geometrical 3D reconstruction of human-made and natural tunnels coating materials, a geo-mechanical survey of the rock mass, a map of rock collapses and cinematic analysis of instability processes.Integrating Laser Scanning technique with the Scan-line survey allowed to perform advanced analysis and rock-mass characterisation in a predominant subterranean developed area. Most of the tunnels and underground spaces displayed rock collapses and diffuse active instability processes that certainly could have drastically slowed down surveys and analysis. The adopted techniques allowed both to proceed in acquiring data end in delivering sound outputs rapidly.

scholarly journals Exploiting a Semi-Automatic Point Cloud Segmentation Method to Improve the Quality of Rock-Mass Characterization. The Cima Grappa Conservative Restoration Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Francesco Mugnai ◽  
Paolo Farina ◽  
Grazia Tucci
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Rock Mass Characterization ◽  
Point Cloud Segmentation ◽  
Conservative Restoration ◽  
The Military

This paper presents results from applying semi-automatic point cloud segmentation methods in the underground tunnels within the Military Shrine’s conservative restoration project in Cima Grappa (Italy). The studied area, which has a predominant underground development distributed in a network of tunnels, is characterized by diffuse rock collapsing. In such a context, carrying out surveys and other technical operations are dangerous activities. Considering safety restrictions and unreachable impervious tunnels, having approached the study area with the scan-line survey technique resulted in only partial rock mass characterization. Hence, the geo-mechanical dataset was integrated, applying a semi-automatic segmentation method to the point clouds acquired through terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). The combined approach allowed for remote performance of detailed rock mass characterization, even remotely, in a short time and with a limited operators presence on site. Moreover, it permitted extending assessing tunnels’ stability and state of conservation to the inaccessible areas.

Comparing traditional geomechanical and remote sensing techniques for rock mass characterization 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Caccia ◽  
Biagio Palma ◽  
Mario Parise
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Rock Mass Characterization ◽  
Rock Face ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Processing Techniques

<p>Analysis of the stability conditions of rock masses starts from detailed geo-structural surveys based on a systematic and quantitative description of the systems of discontinuities. Traditionally, these surveys are performed by implementing the classical geomechanical systems, available in the scientific literature since several decades, through the use of simple tools such as the geological compass to measure dip and dip direction directly on the discontinuity systems, and to fully describe their more significant physical characteristics (length, spacing, roughness, persistence, aperture, filling, termination, etc.). In several cases, this can be difficult because the discontinuities, or even the rock face, cannot be easily accessible. To have a complete survey, very often the involvement of geologists climbers is required, but in many situations this work is not easy to carry out, and in any case it does not cover the whole rock front.</p><p>Today, to solve these problems, traditional geomechanical surveying is implemented by innovative remote techniques using, individually or in combination, instruments such as terrestrial laser scanners and unmanned aerial vehicles to build a point cloud.</p><p>This latter permits to extract very accurate data on discontinuities for stability analyses, based on areal and non-point observations. In addition, the point cloud allows to map sub-vertical walls in their entirety in much shorter times than traditional surveying.</p><p>At this regard, two rock slopes were detected in the Sorrento Peninsula (Campania, southern Italy) with techniques that include traditional mapping, dictated by the guidelines of the International Society for Rock Mechanics, and the remote survey, through laser scanning and drone photogrammetry. The data obtained were processed automatically and manually through the Dips, CloudCompare and Discontinuity Set Extractor softwares.</p><p>In the present contribution we highlight the limits and advantages of the main data collection and the processing techniques, and provide an evaluation of the software packages currently available for the analysis and evaluation of discontinuities, in order to obtain a better characterization of the rock mass.</p>

Die Logik des modernen Krieges und die Unternehmen: Überlegungen zum Ersten Weltkrieg

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Plumpe
Keyword(s):  
Social Consequences ◽  
German Industry ◽  
War Economy ◽  
Political Policy ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The One ◽  
The Military ◽  
Modern War ◽  
First World

AbstractThe First World War was a disaster for German industry but one it could not avoid. Once war had begun, the modern war of supplies developed a fatal dynamic. On the one hand, it destroyed or restricted civilian markets: on the other, it forced companies - as the price for their future existence - into becoming part of, or at least cooperating with the armaments industry in order to secure the reserves which seemed necessary for the return to a peacetime economy. The military and political policy thus cannibalized capitalist mass production without which the war of supplies could not have been waged. In the process they became dependent on the readiness of companies to cooperate and as a result the weight of private interests increased greatly during the war. Research has focused on this aspect for far too long: what appeared to be a kind of profit logic within the war economy was in fact the reflection of a situation in which companies had little choice but to participate in the war economy in order to secure their own future existence. Therefore the war was not driven by the greed for profits but it was the war with all its catastrophic social consequences that pushed the economy and society into ruin. If it had been the decision of business and industry, the war would not have taken place.

scholarly journals Comparison of Remote Sensing Techniques for Geostructural Analysis and Cliff Monitoring in Coastal Areas of High Tourist Attraction: The Case Study of Polignano a Mare (Southern Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5045
Author(s):  
Lidia Loiotine ◽  
Gioacchino Francesco Andriani ◽  
Michel Jaboyedoff ◽  
Mario Parise ◽  
Marc-Henri Derron
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Rock Slope ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Rock Mass Characterization ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

Rock slope failures in urban areas may represent a serious hazard for human life, as well as private and public property, even on the occasion of sporadic episodes. Prevention and mitigation measures indispensably require a proper rock mass characterization, which is often achieved by means of time-consuming, costly and dangerous field surveys. In the last decades, remote sensing devices such as high-resolution digital cameras, laser scanners and drones have been widely used as supplementary techniques for rock slope analysis and monitoring, especially in poorly accessible areas, or in sites of large extension. Although several methods for rock mass characterization by means of remote sensing techniques have been reported in specific studies, there are very few contributions that focused on comparing the different methods in an attempt to establish their advantages and limitations. With this study, we performed digital photogrammetry, Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle surveys on a cliff located in a popular tourist attraction site, characterized by complex geological and geomorphological settings, as well as by disturbance elements such as vegetation and human activities. For each point cloud, we applied geostructural analysis by means of semi-automatic methods, and then compared multi-temporal acquisitions for cliff monitoring. By quantitative comparison of the results and validation by means of conventional geostructural field surveys, the pros and cons of each method were outlined in attempt to depict the conditions and goals the different techniques seem to be more suitable for.

The One True religion in the Military

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Parco ◽  
Barry S. Fagin
Keyword(s):  
The One ◽  
The Military

From the history of the military past of composer and conductor Boris Galaev

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Felix S. Kireev
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Musical Activity ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
First World

Boris Alexandrovich Galaev is known as an outstanding composer, folklorist, conductor, educator, musical and public figure. He has a great merit in the development of musical culture in South Ossetia. All the musical activity of B.A. Galaev is studied and analyzed in detail. In most of the biographies of B.A. Galaev about his participation in the First World War, there is only one proposal that he served in the army and was a bandmaster. For the first time in historiography the participation of B.A. Galaev is analyzed, and it is found out what positions he held, what awards he received, in which battles he participated. Based on the identified documentary sources, for the first time in historiography, it occured that B.A. Galaev was an active participant in the First World War on the Caucasian Front. He went on attacks, both on foot and horse formation, was in reconnaissance, maintained communication between units, received military awards. During this period, he did not have time to study his favorite music, since, according to the documents, he was constantly at the front, in the battle formations of the advanced units. He had to forget all this heroic past and tried not to mention it ever after. Therefore, this period of his life was not studied by the researchers of his biography. For writing this work, the author uses the Highest Orders on the Ranks of the Military and the materials of the Russian State Military Historical Archive (RSMHA).

The Russian Red Cross Society and staff replenishment of sisters of mercy on the eve of the First World War (1908–1914)

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-153
Author(s):  
Elizaveta E. Polianskaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Red Cross ◽  
World War ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Sisters Of Mercy ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

This article deals with the problem of recruiting sisters of mercy by the Russian Red Cross Society (also RRCS, Red Cross) in 1908-1914s. In case of war, Red Cross had to send sisters of mercy to its own institutions and to medical institutions of the military Department. The war ministry was developing a mobilization plan, which included a plan for the deployment of medical facilities. The ministry sent this plan to the administration of the Red Cross. In accordance with the request of the ministry, the RRCS strengthened its efforts to attract new staff of sisters of mercy. This activity led to certain results. On the eve of the war, there was a number of sisters of mercy that were required to replenish the medical institutions of the Red Cross and the military Department. That means that according to the pre-war plan, in the matter of creating a cadre of sisters of mercy, the RRCS was ready for the war. However, the Great War took on a wide scale, a situation which the army, the industry, and the medical service were not prepared for. The Russian Red Cross Society was forced to quickly open new medical institutions and to urgently train new personnel. Sometimes the duties of nurses were performed by those who did not have the necessary education.

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