scholarly journals Pathological changes and antigen localization in the small intestine of rabbits infected with Eimeria magna

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
X. Yuan ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
F. Wang ◽  
X. F. Hu ◽  
F. Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Group A ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Common Antigens ◽  
Group B

<p>Coccidiosis is a major disease caused by various <em>Eimeria</em> species in rabbits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the haematological and pathological changes in rabbits infected with <em>E. magna</em>. Moreover, the localisation of coccidial antigens was examined in the intestines of rabbits with two kinds of serum as primary antibodies. In the present study, forty-five 28-day-old weaned rabbits were randomly divided into three groups and reared in three separate places. Group A was infected with 20×10<sup>3</sup> sporulated oocysts of <em>E. magna</em>, group B was only used to produce anti-<em>E. intestinalis</em> serum by infecting them with 3×10<sup>3</sup> sporulated oocysts of <em>E. intestinalis</em>, and group C was designated as the control group. According to histopathological evaluation of group A, the epithelial cells of the jejunum and ileum were parasitised with a large number of oocysts and other stages of <em>E. magna</em>. The haematological results showed that red blood cell counts, haemoglobin counts, haematocrit levels and the percentage of lymphocytes were significantly decreased in group A compared with group C (<em>P</em>&lt;0.01), but white blood cell counts and the percentage of neutrophils were significantly increased (<em>P</em>&lt;0.01). The weight of group A began to decrease on the 5<sup>th</sup> day after infection, and this decrease continued until the 9th day. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that two kinds of coccidial antigens were basically located at the same sites of the intestine when anti-<em>E. intestinalis</em> serum and anti-<em>E. magna</em> serum were used as primary antibodies. Most likely, <em>E. magna</em> and <em>E. intestinalis</em> antigens have some similar antigenic determinants; this finding provides a theoretical basis for screening for common antigens of these two coccidian species.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of a performance enhancing supplement in American Foxhounds during eventing

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice L. Huntingford ◽  
Brent N. Kirn ◽  
Kerry Cramer ◽  
Sabine Mann ◽  
Joseph J. Wakshlag
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Hunting Dogs ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

AbstractEnhancing performance through dietary measures is constantly sought as some supplements have shown modest performance enhancement in rodents and human subjects. To evaluate a proprietary dietary supplement, a study was undertaken to assess the effect of diet and exercise on blood physiological parameters during a tracking American Fox Hound field championship. Ten dogs were assigned to two different groups. Group A received a commercial kibble and Group B received the same diet with the addition of a supplement added to the dietary premix for 4 weeks before the field event. Blood was collected at rest, immediately following days 1 and 2 of the event and 48 h after day 2. Blood chemistry, complete blood cell counts and cortisol concentrations were analysed. Competition performance was also documented for all dogs using a points system for tracking events. Many chemistry parameters and blood cell counts changed significantly due to exercise. Differences between the dietary groups showed that Group B had significantly lower aspartate aminotransferase on days 1 and 2 of exercise and lower creatine kinase on day 2. Based on tracking scores, dogs in Group B out-performed dogs in Group A. This study suggests that endurance hunting dogs develop changes in serum markers of musculoskeletal integrity that might be mitigated by the addition of the supplement, resulting in better performance. Although intriguing, follow-up controlled studies are needed to ensure that the enhanced performance was not biased due to lack of randomisation.

scholarly journals Effect of the infestation by Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758 (Copepoda, Lernaeidae) on the leucocytes of Schizodon intermedius Garavello & Britski, 1990 (Osteichthyes, Anostomidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. SILVA-SOUZA ◽  
S. C. ALMEIDA ◽  
P. M. MACHADO
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Differential White Blood Cell ◽  
Lernaea Cyprinacea ◽  
The University

Differential white blood cell counts from Schizodon intermedius infested by Lernaea cyprinacea were carried out and compared using the Wilcoxon matched pairs test. The observations were performed in fish infested by 16-77 adult Lernaea, fish with parasitic lesions but without attached crustaceans, and non parasitized fish (control group). The specimens of Schizodon intermedius were obtained from the University of Londrina fish farming facilities. The following leucocytes were observed: lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils and immature leucocytes. Intense lymphocytopenia and neutrophilia were observed in the infested hosts. Consistent increasing of monocyte percentage values occurred in the infested fish. The highest values for immature leucocytes counts were recorded from infested fish specimens.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN NEUTROPHIL-LYMPHOCYTE RATIOS AND BODY MASS INDEX AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID PRESSURE IN IDIOPATHIC INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Burhanettin ÇİĞDEM ◽  
Şeyda FİGÜL GÖKÇE ◽  
Aslı BOLAYIR ◽  
Nuryıl YILMAZ
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Csf Pressure ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts

Aim: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disease with signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure syndrome without a structural lesion in the brain and an abnormal finding in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). IIH is associated with obesity and inflammation. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the correlation between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios (NLR) and body mass index (BMI) and CSF pressure in IIH. Method: Forty-seven patients consisting of 41 (87.2%) women and 6 (12.8%) men who had headache and papilledema, a CSF opening pressure of 25 cmH2O and above, and normal CSF biochemistry and were newly diagnosed with IHH according to the modified Dandy criteria, and 47 age-and gender-matched healthy volunteers consisting of 39 (83%) women and 8 (17%) men were included in the study, and their BMI, white blood cell counts, NLR, CSF pressures and cranial MRI findings were evaluated. RESULTS: The NLR ratio was 2.3952±1.09 in the patient group and 1.9711±0.74 in the control group and was significantly higher in the patient group (p=0.02) (p=0.02). The white blood cell counts were found to be significantly higher with 7.93±1.91 in the patient group and 7.11±1.42 in the control group (p=0.02). BMI was significantly higher with 30.23±2.84 in the patient group and 26.31±3.97 in the control group (p=0.00). Although there was no correlation between NLR and CSF pressure (p=0.58), the cut-off value for NLR was calculated to be 1.95, and a significant correlation was found between the NLR values of 1.95 and above and the CSF pressure (p=0.04). A positive correlation was found between BMI and CSF pressure and NLR ( p=0.001, r= 0.79; p=0.03, r= 0.21). Conclusion: The etiopathogenesis of IIH has not been fully understood, and the existing findings are associated with obesity and related inflammation. Our results indicate that serum NLR level can be used as a marker to show inflammation in IIH and that increased inflammation may be associated with BMI and CSF pressure.

scholarly journals The haematological profile of female bronze turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) vaccinated with various commercial strains of Newcastle disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M.d.S. Schmidt ◽  
Ivan F.C. Santos ◽  
António C. Paulillo ◽  
Gislaine R.V. Martins ◽  
Janine Denadai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts

The effects of vaccination on avian blood parameters are poorly understood. The present study was designed to evaluate whether different strains (Ulster 2C, B1, live LaSota and inactivated LaSota) of Newcastle disease vaccines had an effect on the haematological profile of female turkeys. Seventy-five female turkeys were allocated to treatment groups according to vaccination strain. All the birds, except those in the control group, were vaccinated at 32 weeks of age and revaccinated at 40 and 48 weeks of age. Blood samples were obtained for haematological analyses and serum samples for the haemagglutination inhibition test. Haemoglobin concentration was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in vaccinated female turkeys than in the control birds 28 days after vaccination. Monocytes were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 44-week-old female turkeys vaccinated with inactivated LaSota strain compared with the other groups. Turkeys vaccinated with the B1 strain showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) total white blood cell counts compared with the other groups vaccinated with various commercial strains of the Newcastle disease virus. In conclusion, female turkeys showed significant differences in haemoglobin concentrations, monocytes and white blood cell counts when vaccinated against Newcastle disease.

An Alternative Elastase-mediated Degradation of Fibrinogen and Fibrin Observed in a Patient with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis and Pneumonia

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (02) ◽  
pp. 184-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji lijima ◽  
Fumiyo Murakami ◽  
Yasushi Horie ◽  
Katsumi Nakamura ◽  
Shiro Ikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis ◽  
Pmn Elastase ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Pmn Élastase

SummaryA 74-year-old female developed pneumonia following herpes simplex encephalitis. Her white blood cell counts reached 28,400/μl, about 90% of which consisted of granulocytes. The polymorphonuclear (PMN) elastase/α1-arantitrypsin complex levels increased and reached the maximum of 5,019 ng/ml, indicating the release of a large amount of elastase derived from the granulocytes. The mechanism of PMN elastase release was most likely to be granulocyte destruction associated with phagocytosis. The cleavage of fibrinogen and fibrin by PMN elastase, independent of plasmin, was indicated by the presence of the fragments in immunoprecipitated plasma from the patient corresponding to elastase-induced FDP D and DD fragments and the absence of fragments corresponding to plasmin-induced FDP D and DD fragments on SDS-PAGE. These findings suggested that the large amount of PMN elastase released from the excessive numbers of granulocytes in this patient with herpes simplex encephalitis and pneumonia, induced the cleavage of fibrinogen and fibrin without the participation of plasmin.

Mediational g-formula for time-varying treatment and repeated-measured multiple mediators: Application to atorvastatin’s effect on cardiovascular disease via cholesterol lowering and anti-inflammatory actions in elderly type 2 diabetics

2021 ◽  
pp. 096228022110259
Author(s):  
Shintaro Yamamuro ◽  
Tomohiro Shinozaki ◽  
Satoshi Iimuro ◽  
Yutaka Matsuyama
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Inflammatory Action

Modern causal mediation theory has formalized several types of indirect and direct effects of treatment on outcomes regarding specific mediator variables. We reviewed and unified distinct approaches to estimate the “interventional” direct and indirect effects for multiple mediators and time-varying variables. This study was motivated by a clinical trial of elderly type-2 diabetic patients in which atorvastatin was widely prescribed to control patients’ cholesterol levels to reduce diabetic complications, including cardiovascular disease. Among atorvastatin’s preventive side-effects (pleiotropic effects), we focus on its anti-inflammatory action as measured by white blood cell counts. Hence, we estimate atorvastatin’s interventional indirect effects through cholesterol lowering and through anti-inflammatory action, and interventional direct effect bypassing these two actions. In our analysis, total effect (six-year cardiovascular disease risk difference) estimated by standard plug-in g-formula of −3.65% (95% confidence interval: −10.29%, 4.38%) is decomposed into indirect effect via low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−0.90% [−1.91%, −0.07%]), via white blood cell counts (−0.03% [−0.22%, 0.11%]), and direct effect (−2.84% [−9.71%, 5.41%]) by the proposed parametric mediational g-formula. The SAS program and its evaluation via simulated datasets are provided in the Supplemental materials.

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