Formulation and Standardization of Anti-Acne Herbal Foaming Face wash using Curcuma longa along with Aloe vera, Rosa centifolia and Citrus sinensis

Objectives: Acne vulgaris is a very common skin disorder peaks at teenage, but many men and women between 20-40 years of age are also affected by the disorder. For the treatment of acne, herbal medication are considered safer than allopathic medicines as allopathic medicines are associated with side effects such as like contact allergy, local irritation, scaling, photosensitivity, itching and redness of the skin etc. The present research work was performed to check effectiveness of foaming face wash formulation containing Curcuma longa along with herbals excipient Aloe vera, Rosa centifolia and Citrus sinensis. Curcuma longa have been reported to contain active phytoconstituents having significant anti-microbial activity and used locally for acne. Method: The plant material Curcuma longa, Aloe vera, Rosa centifolia and Citrus sinensis were authenticated and their extracts has been prepared using Soxhlet Apparatus and the the resulting essential oil was analyzed for its physical properties. The foaming face wash was than prepared by using the herbal extracts with excipients that were free from sulphates, parabens, silicon and petroleum products. Two formulations, A1and A2 has been prepared and their physicochemical studies were perfomed. The presence and efficacy of Curcuma longa in suppression of Propionibacterium acnes was assessed by analytical methods and anti-microbial techniques, respectively. Skin irritation studies were conducted using Wistar rats by scoring method. Accelerated stability studies were also performed for a period of 60 days. Result: The physicochemical properties were evaluated and found to be satisfactory. Analytical techniques like High Performance Liquid Chromatography, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and Infra Red spectral analysis confirmed the qualitative presence of Curcuminoid, which is a mixture of curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin [4-hydroxycinnamoyl-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl) methane] and Bis- demethoxycurcumin [bis-(4-hydroxy cinnamoyl) methane] in the sample. The Antibacterial activity of developed face wash assessed against Propionibacterium acnes was more than that of Clindamycin (10μg/ml). Also, the developed formulation showed a very high activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis with respect to the activity of the standard clindamycin. The prepared formulation showed no sign of localized reactions were confirmed by a skin irritation study indicating the formulation was safe and compatible with the skin. Conclusion: On the basis of our study, it could be stated, that formulation has antimicrobial activity and could be used safely on human skin

Development of platform technology for gastro-resistant soft gel capsules by using the cross-linking technique

Introduction: Conventional enteric coating is very challenging in soft gel capsules because of shell nature (smooth surfaces and elasticity). Soft gelatin capsules are highly sensitive to temperature, humidity and it can lose their tensile strength during the conventional coating process. Materials and Methods: Enteric soft gel capsules were prepared by addition of enteric polymer in the gelatin shell composition by inducing the cross linking of gelatin through chemical treatment. Results: This dual approach makes the soft gelatin capsules to resist the drug release in stomach and reliably release their contents in the intestine within a predetermined time without affecting the physical properties of soft gel capsules. Conclusions: Enteric effect of soft gel capsules are brought by a specialized synergetic technique which is unique for the molecules which need intestinal drug release.

A novel rosuvastatin calcium cow ghee fraction biform complex: formulation characterization and evaluation

Background: Rosuvastatin calcium is a statin class of drug having limited oral bioavailability of about 20%. This problem might be overcome by making the biform complex using cow ghee fraction as a bioavailability enhancer. Methods: A precise thermal fractionation technique was adopted to separate different fatty acids from cow ghee. Collected fractions were subjected to characterization over parameters reported for fatty acids. LC-MS and FTIR confirm the content variation in the collected fraction. Biform complex was prepared by fusion method with a constant ratio of drug and cow ghee fraction. The prepared complex was subjected to FTIR, DSC, and LC-MS study to confirm chemical composition characteristics. Drug content, in-vitro and ex-vivo permeation studies were also performed. The anti-inflammatory response was measured using the carrageenan paw-induced edema rat model. Lipid-lowering effect and inflammation marker analysis was also performed using ELISA specific kit. Results: The biform complex prepared with a thermal fraction at 30ºC of cow ghee show the highest in-vitro and ex-vivo permeation. The anti-inflammation response of the biform complex F1 was higher than other tested formulations with considerable lipid and lipoprotein lowering properties. Conclusions: This study confirms that the thermal fractionation method abled to separate cow ghee as per their fatty acid content. The complexion of rosuvastatin calcium with cow ghee thermal fraction enhances oral bioavailability followed by the anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering activity.

Erlotinib Hydrochloride Novel Drug Delivery Systems: A mini review unravelling the role of micro- and nanocarriers

: Erlotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and it can treat tumors, such as pancreatic and locally advanced lung cancer or metastatic cancer. The traditional formulation of erlotinib currently available is an oral delivery type that presents serious side effects such as hepatotoxicity, skin rashes, gastrointestinal disturbance, renal dysfunction, drug resistance and hematological symptoms. Besides this, other disadvantages of erlotinib provided mostly by oral administration are the comprehensive metabolism, low bioavailability, poor solubility and off-target impact. Overcoming such unfavorable attributes of the medication, innovative medication delivery mechanisms like nanocapsules, liposomes, microspheres, microparticles solid lipid nanoparticles, nanosponge, and nanoparticles have been studied that have really shown their lead over traditional formulations. This article summarizes the novel erlotinib drug delivery systems to boost its clinical efficacy and reduce systemic toxicity. Novel formulations of erlotinib will offer positive outcomes in cancer therapy and will play an important part in improving the drug's therapeutic potential.

In Situ Gels of Acylovir Nanoemulsions For Improved Delivery to The Eye

Background: Acyclovir, BCS Class III drug is commercially available as 3 % w/w eye ointment for multiple applications. Acyclovir nanoemulsions can be proposed to reduce dose because of improved permeation characteristics. Further, the development of in situ ophthalmic gels can be advantageous to reduce the number of applications due to increased mucoadhesion and sustaining effect. Objective: The purpose of this study was the development and evaluation of nanoemulsions based in situ gels of Acyclovir (1% w/w) as potential ophthalmic delivery systems. Methods: Nanoemulsions of Acyclovir were developed by Phase Inversion Temperature method using Capmul MCM, stearyl amine and Kolliphor RH 40 as liquid lipid, charge inducer and surfactant, respectively selected on the basis of Acyclovir solubility studies in the oil phase and emulsification ability of surfactants. These nanoemulsions were further developed into in situ ophthalmic gels using gellan gum and Methocel K4M. Results: The developed gels showed a sustained effect in vitro release studies and improved goat corneal permeation in ex vivo studies when compared to marketed ointment. HET-CAM studies concluded the absence of irritation potential, while in vivo irritation study in Wistar rats showed the absence of erythema and swelling of eyes after visual inspection for 72 hours. Histopathological studies on isolated rat corneas showed no abnormalities in anterior corneal epithelium and corneal stroma without any epithelial hyperplasia. Acyclovir nanoemulsions based in situ ophthalmic gel showed increased corneal deposition and permeation in rat eyes. Conclusion: The improved potential of developed ophthalmic gels was proven due to the reduced frequency of application compared to the marketed ointment in animal studies.

In-vitro Dissolution Study of Pharmaceutical Products with USP Apparatus–IV

: The objective of the present article is to review various aspects of dissolution studies of dosage forms performed with the flow-through apparatus (USP type–IV apparatus). USP type-IV apparatus is comprised of a pump that compels the dissolution media upwards via the flow-through cell. A reservoir of dissolution medium is attached to the cell that is mounted vertically with a filter system to restrain the escape of un-dissolved particles. The apparatus is specially designed for powders, micro particles, pellets, and tablets. In this type of in vitro dissolution method, the test sample is placed in the bottom of the small-volume flow-through cell, and the solvent passes through it at a temperature of 37°C. This study is significant to build up the in-vivo and in-vitro relationship. Likewise, this study is used to distinguish the extent of medication released from the tested sample to foresee it’s in vivo viability in the actual patient population. The flow-through cell is used to determine the dissolution of micro-particulate, suppositories, implants, controlled-release formulations with drugs that have very low aqueous solubility. The drugs with small particle size and large surface area are dissolved at a faster rate as compared to other existing and compendia dissolution apparatuses. The article also highlights some of the in vitro dissolution studies carried out with the USP type-IV apparatus.

Greenhydrotropes-assisted route an alternative approach for extracting phytoconstituents and associateddrug delivery systems

Background: Critically challenging tasks for the researchers are isolation and extraction of chief medicinally phytoconstituents from naturally existing herbal plants. The intricate process of extraction usually involves both plant and active animal portions medicinally separated and selective solvents through standard procedures. So, most of the products contain complex mixtures of metabolites; therefore, the extraction process cycle involved in separating these products makes it increasingly difficult and indicated yields in decimals. Thus, an alternative strategy suitable for green extraction routes has recently been obtained from sustainable resources with high solvency, low toxicity, and low environmental impacts, readily biodegradable, and recycled without detrimental effects on the environment. Objectives: The process of the green hydrotrope-assisted extraction process persists in a novel and promising methodology. It maximizes the yield of phytoconstituents compared to the conventional extraction process by the employment of a variety of hydrotropes like sodium cumene sulfonate, sodium alkyl-benzene sulfonates, and sodium butyl mono-glycol sulfate. It is also involved in selective extraction of water-insoluble phytoconstituents by disorganization of the phospholipid bilayers and the aforementioned hydrotrope molecules through cell permeabilization, disrupting the cellulosic cell wall, then possibly the dissolution of the cellular contents. Conclusion: The central point of this audit is the increase of the surrender of phytoconstituents from herbal plants accomplished by the consideration of green hydrotropic-assisted extraction process, an assignment of dissolvable for the extraction of herbal grown plant, sanctioning of hydrotropes, its component, imperatively highlighting conveyance frameworks of separated extricated phytoconstituents from herbal plants to move forward their bioavailability at distinctive target destinations and its different utility angles have reflected effectively.

Nanocrystal Approaches for Poorly Soluble Drugs and their Role in Development of Marketed Formulation

Objectives: This review paper gives focus on the nanocrystal approaches and their uses in pharmaceutical applications. Also, various preparation methods of the nanocrystal are briefly described in this presented review paper. The paper also describes several factors that are involved in the production of stable drug nanocrystals and provides suggestions for overcoming instability-related issues like aggregation and Ostwald ripening. Finally, the specific opportunities and challenges that are applicable to nanocrystal technology are summarized in this paper. Methods: In this paper, we summarize and discuss the special features of drug nanocrystals that include the enhancement of dissolution velocity, adhesiveness to the surface, and saturation solubility. Nowadays, pharmaceutical industries are using different approaches to prepare the nanocrystal, like bottom-up approach (precipitation), the top-down approach (wet milling, high-pressure homogenization), and some other combinational approaches. Results: Drug nanocrystals can be administered through different routes. Besides this, the various fabrication methods and characterization methods may be used for the development and scale-up production of drug nanocrystals. Conclusion: In this review article, the relevance of drug nanocrystals are presented and illustrated according to their research done by different researchers and finally concluded that marketed formulation related to nanocrystal are gradually in progression. However, some related and developed formulations are under clinical trial. Background: Poor solubility of the drug compounds is a major problem in the pharmaceutical field; therefore, the reduction of particle size may be one of the simplest and efficient processes for enhancing the solubility of such compounds. Drug nanocrystals are the crystals available with some drugs and having a particle size range of 100 to 1000 nm, covered by stabilization.

Implementation of Quality by Design principles for the evolution of optimized sustained release drug delivery system

Aim: Aim of the present work is implementation of Quality by Design principles for the evolution of optimized sustained release drug delivery system Background: Quality by Design (QbD) approach refers to an advance approach to develop a optimized dosage form.QbD has become a vital modern scientific approach to develop a quality dosage form.In modern era of science researcher can develop a optimized dosage form with least effort, money and manpower. Objectives: Objective of research work wasthe successful development of optimized floating bioadhesive tablets of glipizide using floating-bioadhesive potential of cellulosic polymer and carbomersusing quality by design (QbD) approach. Method: Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP) of drug delivery system was defined as well as critical quality attributes (CQAs) were identified. A face centered central composite design (CCD) was utilized in assessing the impact of individual critical material attribute (CMA) like Hydro Propyl Methyl Cellulose K4M(HPMC K4M)and Carbopol 934P (CP 934P) and their interactions, using least experimentation. Formulations were developed and quantitative impact on CQAs was determined using mathematical model. The optimized formulation was obtained and characterized for in-vitro as well as in-vivo parameters. Results: A Fishikawa diagram and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) were performed to identify potential failure modes associated with the dosage form. The optimum formulation was embarked upon using mathematical model developed yielding desired CQAs followed for confirmation of data. Sustained release drug delivery system was successfully developed by using QbD approach. In-vivo X-ray imaging in rabbit and γ-scintigraphic study in manconfirmed the buoyant nature of the mucoadhesive floating tablet for 8 h in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion: Optimized formulation shows phenomenal floating, bioadhesive properties and drug release retardation characteristics, utilizing a mixture of cost-effective polymers Hence, QbD approach may be regarded as an important tool in development of floating bioadhesive CR dosage forms.