scholarly journals Patterns of Maxillofacial Fractures in Road Traffic Crashes in an Indian Rural Tertiary Center

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
A Sagayaraj ◽  
Rijo M Jayaraju ◽  
Mallika P Reddy ◽  
KR Harshitha ◽  
Priyanka Majety
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Nasal Bone ◽  
Road Traffic Crash ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Maxillofacial Fractures ◽  
Tertiary Center

ABSTRACT Background and objectives Road traffic crashes are reported to be the leading cause of maxillofacial fractures in developing countries. The large variability in reported incidence and etiology is due to a variety of contributing factors, including environmental, cultural and socioeconomic factors. The study aims at describing the patterns of maxillofacial fractures in road traffic crashes by clinical and radiological methods and to study the complications associated with these fractures. Materials and methods The study included 100 road traffic crash patients with maxillofacial injuries. Patients were evaluated for any maxillofacial fracture by clinical assessment and, radiologically, using plain radiographs and computed tomography scan. Results Midfacial skeleton was more prone to fractures. Isolated fractures of the maxilla was the commonest (58%) followed by nasal bone fractures (43%). Among the complex fractures, Le Fort type II was the commonest. Mandibular fractures were seen in 33% of the patients, parasymphysis being the commonest site. Majority of the patients had associated soft tissue injuries. The incidence of complications associated with maxillofacial fractures was 11%, malocclusion being the commonest. Conclusion Maxillofacial fractures are commoner in the mobile population in the most productive age group, more so in two wheeler riders causing significant morbidity and mortality. Midface region is more prone to fractures and is most of the time associated with complications. How to cite this article Jayaraju RM, Sagayaraj A, Reddy MP, Harshitha KR, Majety P. Patterns of Maxillofacial Fractures in Road Traffic Crashes in an Indian Rural Tertiary Center. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2014;3(2):53-58.

scholarly journals Collaborative research and knowledge translation on road crashes in Burkina Faso: the police perspective 18 months on

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Dagenais ◽  
Michelle Proulx ◽  
Esther Mc Sween-Cadieux ◽  
Aude Nikiema ◽  
Emmanuel Bonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Road Traffic Crash ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Crashes

AbstractIn this commentary, we present a follow-up of two articles published in 2017 and 2018 about road traffic crashes, which is an important public health issue in Africa and Burkina Faso. The first article reported on a research project, conducted in partnership with local actors involved in road safety, carried out in Ouagadougou in 2015. Its aim was to test the effectiveness, acceptability, and capacity of a surveillance system to assess the number of road traffic crashes and their consequences on the health of crash victims. Several knowledge translation activities were carried out to maximize its impact and were reported in the 2018 article published in HRPS: monthly reports presenting the research data, large-format printed maps distributed to the city’s police stations, and a deliberative workshop held at the end of the research project. The present commentary presents our efforts to deepen our understanding of the impacts of the knowledge translation strategy, based on follow-up interviews, 18 months after the workshop, with the heads of the road traffic crash units in Ouagadougou police stations (n = 5). Several benefits were reported by respondents. Their involvement in the process prompted them to broaden their knowledge of other ways of dealing with the issue of road crashes. This led them, sometimes with their colleagues, to intervene differently: more rapid response at collision sites, increased surveillance of dangerous intersections, user awareness-raising on the importance of the highway code, etc. However, sustaining these actions over the longer term has proven difficult. Several lessons were derived from this experience, regarding the importance of producing useful and locally applicable research data, of ensuring the acceptability of the technologies used for data collection, of using collaborative approaches in research and knowledge translation, of ensuring the visibility of actions undertaken by actors in the field, and of involving decision-makers in the research process to maximize its impacts.

scholarly journals Revealing the Spatial Pattern of Weather-Related Road Traffic Crashes in Slovenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6506
Author(s):  
Danijel Ivajnšič ◽  
Nina Horvat ◽  
Igor Žiberna ◽  
Eva Konečnik Kotnik ◽  
Danijel Davidović
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Crash ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Traffic Crash ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Adverse Weather

Despite an improvement in worldwide numbers, road traffic crashes still cause social, psychological, and financial damage and cost most countries 3% of their gross domestic product. However, none of the current commercial or open-source navigation systems contain spatial information about road traffic crash hot spots. By developing an algorithm that can adequately predict such spatial patterns, we can bridge these still existing gaps in road traffic safety. To that end, geographically weighted regression and regression tree models were fitted with five uncorrelated (environmental and socioeconomic) road traffic crash predictor variables. Significant regional differences in adverse weather conditions were identified; Slovenia lies at the conjunction of different climatic zones characterized by differences in weather phenomena, which further modify traffic safety. Thus, more attention to speed limits, safety distance, and other vehicles entering and leaving the system could be expected. In order to further improve road safety and better implement globally sustainable development goals, studies with applicative solutions are urgently needed. Modern vehicle-to-vehicle communication technologies could soon support drivers with real-time traffic data and thus potentially prevent road network crashes.

scholarly journals Analysis of Pedestrian-Vehicle Crashes Using Artificial Learning Methods: City of Sakarya Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-230
Author(s):  
Zeliha Cagla Kuyumcu ◽  
Suhrab Ahadi ◽  
Hakan Aslan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Road Traffic Crash ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Traffic Crash ◽  
Artificial Learning

The lives of approximately 1.3 million people are cut short every year as a result of road traffic crashes. Between 20 and 50 million people suffer non-fatal injuries, with many incurring a disability as a result of their injury. The risk of dying in a road traffic crash is more than 3 times higher in low-income countries than in high-income countries [1]. In Turkey, 18% of traffic accidents was related to pedestrian-vehicle collisions in urban roads in 2020. In addition, 20% of death toll caused by accidents is pedestrians in 2020 [2]. This study deals with the some of classifiers to forecast the number of injuries as a result of traffic accidents. The classifier’s performance ratios were also examined.

scholarly journals (A73) Burden of Maxillofacial Trauma at Level Trauma 1 Centre

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s20-s21 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sagar ◽  
M. Singhal ◽  
K. Kataria ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
A. Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Nasal Bone ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maxillofacial Trauma ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Concomitant Injuries ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Maxillofacial Fractures

BackgroundThere is an upward trend in facial injuries following changes in population pattern, increasing industrialization and urbanization, hence maxillofacial trauma is becoming a burden and a leading medical problem in emergency rooms worldwide.MethodA retrospective study of patients with maxillofacial fractures seen and treated at the Jai Parkash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, AIIMS, New Delhi, India between January 2007 to June 2010. Data extracted from the patients' records include aetiology, age, sex, types and sites of fractures, treatment modality and concomitant injuries.ResultsThere were 795 fractures of the maxillofacial skeleton and 86 concomitant injuries from 542 patients. Road traffic accident (56.8%) was the most common aetiologic factor, followed by falls (22.3%) and fights (18.5%). The age range was from 3 years to 75 years (mean = 34.7) with a peak incidence in the 3rd decade with a male–female sex ratio of 3.7:1. The most common location of maxillofacial fractures was the mandible 615(77%) and middle third 205(23%). With regards to mandibular fractures, the body (29.6%) was the commonest sites, followed by the angle (24.4%), ramus (19.5%), dentoalveolar (14.6%), symphysis (11.0%), condyle (0.8%) while in the middle third, the nasal bone (36.7%) was the most common, followed by zygomatic bone (27.8), Lefort II (14.4), Lefort I (7.8%), dentoalveolar (10.0%) and Lefort III (3.3%). Majority of the patients were treated by Open reduction and internal fixation (70.6). Concomitant injuries were 10.8% with orthopaedic injuries accounting for the majority (63.9%). Head injury was associated with 16.3 % of cases.ConclusionMaxillofacial fractures are on the increase. We advocate the establishment of regionalized trauma centers with basic training available to all surgical residents for initial emergency room management.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Outcome of Paediatric Long Bone Fractures Managed in a University Teaching Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
I C Elachi ◽  
W T Yongu ◽  
J N Kortor ◽  
D D Mue ◽  
R O Abah
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Prior Treatment ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Long Bone Fractures

Fractures constitute a significant component of paediatric trauma. Paediatric fractures account for significant morbidity. This study was set to elucidate the characteristics and outcome of paediatric fractures in a university teaching hospital. Case notes were reviewed for socio-demographic and clinical variables. Statistical analysis was carried out using the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows, Version 21.0. The correlation between development of complications and prior treatment by traditional bone setters was determined using chi-squared tests. Fifty four long bone fractures were studied in 52 children. Their ages ranged from 1 day to 16 years with a mean of 8.85 ± 3.86 years. There were 29 males (55.8%) and 23 females (44.2%). The aetiology of childhood fractures included road traffic crashes (n=30, 57.7%), falls (n=10, 19.3%), sports injuries (n=8, 15.4). The long bones fractured were tibia (n=19, 35.2%), femur (n=14, 25.9%), distal radius (n=14, 25.9%) and supracondylar part of the humerus (n=7, 13.0%). Non-operative treatment modalities were the most frequent means employed in treating children with fractures in this study. Limb gangrene following prior treatment by traditional bone setters was the most common complication. There was a statistically significant correlation between development of complications and prior traditional bone setters treatment (p<0.001). Paediatric fractures were more common in boys, caused mostly by road traffic crashes. Most were patients discharged without deformities. Public enlightenment on trauma prevention, enforcement of school bus transport system and reducing street hawking by expanding school feeding programmes may help reduce incidence of paediatric fractures.

Dominant role of drivers’ attitude in prevention of road traffic crashes: A study on knowledge, attitude, and practice of drivers in Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Mirzaei ◽  
Nima Hafezi-Nejad ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Sabagh ◽  
Alireza Ansari Moghaddam ◽  
Vahid Eslami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

OPTIMISING ROAD LIGHTING TO REDUCE ROAD TRAFFIC CRASHES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Robbins ◽  
S. Fotios ◽  
J. Uttley ◽  
R. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Ambient Light Level ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users

Pedestrians and motorcyclists are vulnerable road users, being over represented in road traffic collisions (RTCs). One assumed benefit of road lighting is a reduction in RTCs after dark by countering the impairment to the visual detection of hazards that occur after dark. One way to optimise the use of road lighting is to light only those sections of road where light level, and hence visibility, is an important factor. The current study used change in ambient light level on RTCs to investigate those situations where improved vision is likely to have significant impact, and therefore the situations where road lighting is of better cost-benefit effectiveness. For both motorcyclist and pedestrian RTCs there was a significant increase in overall RTC risk in darkness compared to daylight, indicating that there may be an overall benefit of road lighting. While darkness was a particular detriment at junctions for motorcyclists and on high-speed roads for pedestrians, road lighting may not be effective mitigation in either case and therefore alternative ways of increasing conspicuity should be considered.

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