Analysis of Pedestrian-Vehicle Crashes Using Artificial Learning Methods: City of Sakarya Case Study

The lives of approximately 1.3 million people are cut short every year as a result of road traffic crashes. Between 20 and 50 million people suffer non-fatal injuries, with many incurring a disability as a result of their injury. The risk of dying in a road traffic crash is more than 3 times higher in low-income countries than in high-income countries [1]. In Turkey, 18% of traffic accidents was related to pedestrian-vehicle collisions in urban roads in 2020. In addition, 20% of death toll caused by accidents is pedestrians in 2020 [2]. This study deals with the some of classifiers to forecast the number of injuries as a result of traffic accidents. The classifier’s performance ratios were also examined.

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Revealing the Spatial Pattern of Weather-Related Road Traffic Crashes in Slovenia

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11146506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 6506

Author(s):

Danijel Ivajnšič ◽

Nina Horvat ◽

Igor Žiberna ◽

Eva Konečnik Kotnik ◽

Danijel Davidović

Keyword(s):

Traffic Safety ◽

Spatial Information ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Road Traffic Crash ◽

Navigation Systems ◽

Traffic Crashes ◽

Road Traffic Crashes ◽

Traffic Crash ◽

Road Traffic Safety ◽

Adverse Weather

Despite an improvement in worldwide numbers, road traffic crashes still cause social, psychological, and financial damage and cost most countries 3% of their gross domestic product. However, none of the current commercial or open-source navigation systems contain spatial information about road traffic crash hot spots. By developing an algorithm that can adequately predict such spatial patterns, we can bridge these still existing gaps in road traffic safety. To that end, geographically weighted regression and regression tree models were fitted with five uncorrelated (environmental and socioeconomic) road traffic crash predictor variables. Significant regional differences in adverse weather conditions were identified; Slovenia lies at the conjunction of different climatic zones characterized by differences in weather phenomena, which further modify traffic safety. Thus, more attention to speed limits, safety distance, and other vehicles entering and leaving the system could be expected. In order to further improve road safety and better implement globally sustainable development goals, studies with applicative solutions are urgently needed. Modern vehicle-to-vehicle communication technologies could soon support drivers with real-time traffic data and thus potentially prevent road network crashes.

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Effectiveness of transverse speed reducers and exploring factors contributing to road traffic crashes on a rural two-lane highway: A mixed methods study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15424/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nigus Asefa ◽

Hannah S Yang ◽

Znabu H Kahsay ◽

Abrahim Hassen ◽

Tesfay G Gebrehiwot

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Planning Process ◽

Road Traffic ◽

High Income ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

P Value ◽

Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽

Traffic Crashes ◽

Road Traffic Crashes ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background: In Ethiopia, there are an estimated 25.3 road traffic related deaths per 100,000 population, which is much higher than the global average road traffic fatality rate. Speed is the most well-known risk factor influencing both the risk as well as the severity of the resulting injuries. Although there is paucity of data from low-income countries, speed reducers have been widely approved as an effective traffic calming countermeasure in high-income countries. We aimed to (i) explore the effectiveness of transverse vertical speed reducers and, (ii) qualitatively explore stakeholders’ perceptions of the factors that affect the risk of road traffic crashes.Methods: Data on all crashes occurring from September 2010 to August 2015 were obtained. Interrupted time series analysis using Poisson regression was used to estimate the effect of speed reducers on the number of crashes per month before and after their installation in January 2012. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted with traffic police, drivers, drivers’ training center owners, and community members to describe their perceptions about the effects of the speed reducers. Quantitative and qualitative results were triangulated.Results: There were 130 crashes during the study period. Of these, 45.4% were property damage only, and 16.9% were fatal. After the speed reducers were installed, there was no statistically significant difference (incidence rate ratio, IRR =1.17, 95% CI[0.60-2.30], p-value =0.644) in the number of crashes per month, but there were changes in the distribution of crash severity (p-value <0.001). Four core themes, with subsequent sub-themes, emerged as perceived contributors to road traffic crashes. Of these core-themes, speedy and reckless driving, were perceived as the strongest force perpetuating road collisions. Qualitative respondents disagreed on whether the speed reducers were effective and expressed concerns such as the lack of signage to warn drivers.Conclusions: Although speed reducers are proven to reduce collisions in high-income settings, this study in Ethiopia was inconclusive. Inappropriate design for the roadway type, sporadic placement, lack of signage and maintenance, and poor stakeholder coordination may have hampered effectiveness. An evidence-based planning process prior to implementing road design interventions is recommended to achieve the desired results.

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Effectiveness of a Drinking and Driving Campaign on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Among Drivers in Addis Ababa

Frontiers in Sustainable Cities ◽

10.3389/frsc.2020.563350 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nalin Singh Negi ◽

Karen Schmidt ◽

Irina Morozova ◽

Tigist Addis ◽

Solomon Kidane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Drinking And Driving ◽

Traffic Crashes ◽

Road Traffic Crashes ◽

Attitudes And Behaviors ◽

And Behaviors ◽

And Behavior

Background: In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, road traffic crashes represent a major public health challenge. Driving under the influence of alcohol (drink driving) is a risk factor for road traffic crashes. Mass media campaigns can reduce the prevalence of drink driving. Few studies to date have evaluated the influence of anti-drink-driving campaigns on changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in low-income countries such as Ethiopia.Objective: This study aims to examine the impact of an anti-drink-driving campaign on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors around drinking and driving in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: The “Never Drink and Drive” campaign ran on media outlets in Addis Ababa and consisted of evidence-informed messages on the consequences of drink driving. Data for this study comes from two representative household surveys conducted among a sample of adult drivers aged 18–55 years in Addis Ababa pre-campaign (n = 721) and post-campaign (n = 721). Multivariate logistic regression is used to estimate the effects of the campaign on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to drink driving.Results: After the campaign, participants were significantly more likely to have improved knowledge and attitudes about drink driving: post-campaign participants were significantly more likely to report feeling unsafe about drink driving (OR = 1.51, p < 0.05). Social norms showed a positive shift: post-campaign participants were over six and a half times more likely to report that someone talked to them about drink driving (OR = 6.52, p < 0.05). After the campaign, participants demonstrated improved knowledge and attitudes around drink driving laws and enforcement, including that they were significantly more likely to agree that they would be caught by police for drink driving (OR = 12.66, p < 0.1). Behavior also improved—post-campaign participants reported significantly lower rates of driving soon after drinking alcohol, compared with pre-campaign participants (31 vs. 42%).Conclusion: The anti-drink-driving campaign achieved gains in knowledge, improved attitudes, and reduced drinking and driving, which could help to curb road traffic crashes in Addis Ababa. This study offers some of the first evidence that an anti-drink-driving campaign, combined with enhanced enforcement of road safety laws, can be effective in changing knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors around drink driving in low-income countries.

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Collaborative research and knowledge translation on road crashes in Burkina Faso: the police perspective 18 months on

Health Research Policy and Systems ◽

10.1186/s12961-020-00654-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Christian Dagenais ◽

Michelle Proulx ◽

Esther Mc Sween-Cadieux ◽

Aude Nikiema ◽

Emmanuel Bonnet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Translation ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Research Data ◽

Road Traffic Crash ◽

Research Project ◽

Traffic Crashes ◽

Road Traffic Crashes ◽

Road Crashes

AbstractIn this commentary, we present a follow-up of two articles published in 2017 and 2018 about road traffic crashes, which is an important public health issue in Africa and Burkina Faso. The first article reported on a research project, conducted in partnership with local actors involved in road safety, carried out in Ouagadougou in 2015. Its aim was to test the effectiveness, acceptability, and capacity of a surveillance system to assess the number of road traffic crashes and their consequences on the health of crash victims. Several knowledge translation activities were carried out to maximize its impact and were reported in the 2018 article published in HRPS: monthly reports presenting the research data, large-format printed maps distributed to the city’s police stations, and a deliberative workshop held at the end of the research project. The present commentary presents our efforts to deepen our understanding of the impacts of the knowledge translation strategy, based on follow-up interviews, 18 months after the workshop, with the heads of the road traffic crash units in Ouagadougou police stations (n = 5). Several benefits were reported by respondents. Their involvement in the process prompted them to broaden their knowledge of other ways of dealing with the issue of road crashes. This led them, sometimes with their colleagues, to intervene differently: more rapid response at collision sites, increased surveillance of dangerous intersections, user awareness-raising on the importance of the highway code, etc. However, sustaining these actions over the longer term has proven difficult. Several lessons were derived from this experience, regarding the importance of producing useful and locally applicable research data, of ensuring the acceptability of the technologies used for data collection, of using collaborative approaches in research and knowledge translation, of ensuring the visibility of actions undertaken by actors in the field, and of involving decision-makers in the research process to maximize its impacts.

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Patterns of Maxillofacial Fractures in Road Traffic Crashes in an Indian Rural Tertiary Center

Panamerican Journal of Trauma, Critical Care & Emergency Surgery ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10030-1088 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 53-58

Author(s):

A Sagayaraj ◽

Rijo M Jayaraju ◽

Mallika P Reddy ◽

KR Harshitha ◽

Priyanka Majety

Keyword(s):

Road Traffic ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Nasal Bone ◽

Road Traffic Crash ◽

Mandibular Fractures ◽

Traffic Crashes ◽

Large Variability ◽

Road Traffic Crashes ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

Tertiary Center

ABSTRACT Background and objectives Road traffic crashes are reported to be the leading cause of maxillofacial fractures in developing countries. The large variability in reported incidence and etiology is due to a variety of contributing factors, including environmental, cultural and socioeconomic factors. The study aims at describing the patterns of maxillofacial fractures in road traffic crashes by clinical and radiological methods and to study the complications associated with these fractures. Materials and methods The study included 100 road traffic crash patients with maxillofacial injuries. Patients were evaluated for any maxillofacial fracture by clinical assessment and, radiologically, using plain radiographs and computed tomography scan. Results Midfacial skeleton was more prone to fractures. Isolated fractures of the maxilla was the commonest (58%) followed by nasal bone fractures (43%). Among the complex fractures, Le Fort type II was the commonest. Mandibular fractures were seen in 33% of the patients, parasymphysis being the commonest site. Majority of the patients had associated soft tissue injuries. The incidence of complications associated with maxillofacial fractures was 11%, malocclusion being the commonest. Conclusion Maxillofacial fractures are commoner in the mobile population in the most productive age group, more so in two wheeler riders causing significant morbidity and mortality. Midface region is more prone to fractures and is most of the time associated with complications. How to cite this article Jayaraju RM, Sagayaraj A, Reddy MP, Harshitha KR, Majety P. Patterns of Maxillofacial Fractures in Road Traffic Crashes in an Indian Rural Tertiary Center. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2014;3(2):53-58.

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Characteristics of Road Traffic Accident Cases Reported in a Tertiary Military Hospital

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh ◽

10.3329/jafmc.v15i2.50842 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 213-217

Author(s):

Md Moshiur Rahman ◽

Farzana Zafreen ◽

Abu Noman Mohammed Mosleh Uddin

Keyword(s):

Cause Of Death ◽

Road Safety ◽

Road Traffic Accident ◽

Traffic Accident ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Traffic Crashes ◽

Road Traffic Crashes

Introduction: Road traffic accidents (RTA) are the eighth leading cause of death globally, and the leading cause of death in Bangladesh. The road safety situation in Bangladesh has been deteriorating with increasing number of road accident deaths, largely as direct consequences of rapid growth in population, motorization, urbanization and lack of investment in road safety. Objectives: To describe the injury characteristics of road traffic accidents cases that reported at Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted on all the RTA cases reported to medical inspection room CMH, Dhaka from 01 March to 30 June 2010. A total of 126 RTA victims irrespective of age and sex were included, data were collected by face to face interview using a pre-tested questionnaire. Results: A total of 126 road traffic accident victims both sexes were studied. The majority of the study subjects were men 103 (81.7%) and most of them were in 31-40 years group (27%), Muslims (98.41%) were the majority. In our study regarding educational qualification of RTA victims most of them were SSC qualified (44’4%) and primary level (15.1%). Military services holder (45.2%) was the majority of road traffic crash victims. Bus/Minibus (32.5%) was responsible for the majority of road traffic crashes and motor vehicle passengers (42.9%) were main victims. Laceration & cut injury were (38.1%) and multiple injury (18.3%) were the most common injury. Main roads (49.2%) were the commonest site of the accidents. Regarding place of occurrence main roads 62 (49.2%) was the most common site and noon 41 (32.5%) was the most common time of occurrence of accidents. Conclusion: Road traffic crashes constitute a major public health problem in our setting and contribute significantly to unacceptably high morbidity and mortality. Urgent preventive measures targeting at reducing the occurrence of road traffic crashes is necessary to reduce the morbidity and mortality resulting from these injuries. Early recognition and prompt treatment of road traffic injuries is essential for optimal patient outcome. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 2 (December) 2019: 213-217

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ASSESSMENT OF INJURIES IN ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS ADMITTED TO EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT OF GMCH, BETTIAH, WEST CHAMPARAN, BIHAR

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v4i5.1239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Arun Kumar Singh

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Low Income ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Health Sector ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic Crashes ◽

Pattern Of Injury ◽

Traffic Rules

Majority of the world's fatalities on the roads occur in low-income and middle-income countries, even though these countries have approximately half of the world's vehicles. India is no exception and data showed that more than 1.3 lakh people died on Indian roads, giving India the dubious honour of topping the global list of fatalities from road crashes. Road traffic injuries have been neglected from the global health agenda for many years, despite being predictable and largely preventable. Evidence from many countries shows that dramatic successes in preventing road traffic crashes can be achieved through concerted efforts that involve, but are not limited to, the health sector. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Assessment of Injuries in Road Traffic Accidents Admitted to Emergency Department of GMCH, Bettiah, West Champaran, Bihar. The present study was planned in Department of Forensic Medicine, Government Medical College, Bettiah, West Champaran, Bihar, India from jan 2018 to Dec 2018.In the present study 20 cases suffered from the road traffic accidents were evaluated for the pattern of injury. A predesigned and pretested questionnaire especially designed for this purpose was used for interviewing the accident victims, either in the emergency itself or in the wards. In India, there are ample risk factors for RTAs to occur because of lack of proper infrastructural facilities, poor designs of roads, improper implementation of traffic rules and a high load of variety of vehicles on the roads. Road traffic accidents with head injuries are much more common in young working males as compared to females and that to in those who were pedestrians and motor cyclists. The rate of incidence is higher in India because of bad traffic patterns and possibly the lack of awareness about traffic rules and also lack of good hospital services to our victims of RTAs. Keywords: Injuries, Road Traffic Accidents, Emergency Department, GMCH, Bettiah, West Champaran, Bihar, etc.

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Need for improving the health system preparedness for road traffic injuries in Nepal

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.3126/nje.v8i3.23726 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 735-737

Author(s):

Brijesh Sathian ◽

Puspa Raj Pant ◽

Edwin Van Teijlingen ◽

Indrajit Banerjee ◽

Bedanta Roy

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Mass Transportation ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Traffic Crashes ◽

Middle Income ◽

Road Traffic Crashes ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Economic Progress

The growth of motorised and mass transportation has improved the lives and lifestyles of many. This economic progress has major drawbacks including: increased air pollution, road traffic crashes/injuries (RTCs/RTIs). Some papers may refer to Road Traffic Accidents or RTAs, but experts recommend the more appropriate to use RTIs. In recent decades the proportion of RTI to all deaths has declined in high-income countries whereas it has risen in many low- and middle-income countries.

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Prevalence and Pattern of Road Traffic Accidents among Commercial Motorcyclists in the Central Tongu District, Ghana

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2020/9493718 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Kennedy Diema Konlan ◽

Abdul Razak Doat ◽

Iddrisu Mohammed ◽

Roberta Mensima Amoah ◽

Joel Afram Saah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Head Injuries ◽

World Health Organisation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Traffic Crashes ◽

Road Traffic Crashes

Background. The World Health Organisation estimates that 1.35 million people die as a result of road traffic crashes. Motorcycles as a means of transport are increasingly becoming the preferred and easiest means of transportation for most people in developing countries despite the associated risk. This study determined the prevalence and pattern of motorcycle crashes in Adidome among commercial motorcyclists. Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used as 114 commercial motorcyclists were recruited to respond to a pretested research questionnaire in the Adidome district of the Volta Region. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 22.0. Data were presented as simple descriptive statistics. A chi-square relationship was determined using the demographic variables, and the history of accident at a 95% confidence interval with 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results. The prevalence of road traffic crashes at Adidome was 64.0%. Motorcyclists (74.0%) were reported to have been involved in crashes in the past one year prior to the study. Motorcyclists attributed the last accident to excessive speeding (31.5%) and bad roads (23.3%), this accident as a result of colliding with another motorcycle (50.7%), and slippery surfaces (24.7%). The majority (63.0%) of the respondents had an accident once. The consumption of alcohol was associated with the occurrence of an accident as 34.2% occurred among cyclists who drank alcohol, compared with 29.8% who did not (p<0.05). Conclusion. There should be strict implementation of current road traffic regulations of Ghana by the MTTD of the Ghana Police Service, and penalties should be awarded against anybody caught riding a motorcycle under the influence of alcohol. Helmet and other protective devices must be made compulsory for motorcycle riders to prevent injuries, especially head injuries, if an accident occurs.

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The Neglected Epidemic: Road Traffic Crashes in India

Metamorphosis ◽

10.1177/0972622520120204 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 27-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sanjay K. Singh

Keyword(s):

Local Governments ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Vehicle Speed ◽

Seat Belts ◽

Central State ◽

Traffic Crashes ◽

Road Traffic Crashes ◽

State And Local

Deaths and injuries resulting from road traffic crashes are a major and growing public health problem in India. Every week nearly 2,500 people get killed and 9,000 get injured due to traffic accidents. Traffic accidents have now earned India a dubious distinction; with nearly 127,000 deaths annually, the country has overtaken China to top the world in road fatalities. While in many developed and developing countries including China, the situation is generally improving, India faces a worsening situation. Road traffic collisions on the nation's roads claim five times more lives now than they did three decades ago. Without increased efforts and new initiatives, the total number of road traffic deaths in India is likely to cross the mark of 250,000 by 2025. There is thus an urgent need to recognize the worsening situation in road deaths and injuries and to take appropriate action. Certain interventions such as enforcement of legislation to control vehicle speed and alcohol consumption, mandating the use of seat-belts and helmets, and safer design and use of roads and vehicles have huge potential to reduce the incidence and impact of road traffic crashes. The time has come for the central, state, and local governments to act now. Acting now will save thousands of lives.

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