Characteristics and Outcome of Paediatric Long Bone Fractures Managed in a University Teaching Hospital

Fractures constitute a significant component of paediatric trauma. Paediatric fractures account for significant morbidity. This study was set to elucidate the characteristics and outcome of paediatric fractures in a university teaching hospital. Case notes were reviewed for socio-demographic and clinical variables. Statistical analysis was carried out using the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows, Version 21.0. The correlation between development of complications and prior treatment by traditional bone setters was determined using chi-squared tests. Fifty four long bone fractures were studied in 52 children. Their ages ranged from 1 day to 16 years with a mean of 8.85 ± 3.86 years. There were 29 males (55.8%) and 23 females (44.2%). The aetiology of childhood fractures included road traffic crashes (n=30, 57.7%), falls (n=10, 19.3%), sports injuries (n=8, 15.4). The long bones fractured were tibia (n=19, 35.2%), femur (n=14, 25.9%), distal radius (n=14, 25.9%) and supracondylar part of the humerus (n=7, 13.0%). Non-operative treatment modalities were the most frequent means employed in treating children with fractures in this study. Limb gangrene following prior treatment by traditional bone setters was the most common complication. There was a statistically significant correlation between development of complications and prior traditional bone setters treatment (p<0.001). Paediatric fractures were more common in boys, caused mostly by road traffic crashes. Most were patients discharged without deformities. Public enlightenment on trauma prevention, enforcement of school bus transport system and reducing street hawking by expanding school feeding programmes may help reduce incidence of paediatric fractures.

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Patterns of Maxillofacial Fractures in Road Traffic Crashes in an Indian Rural Tertiary Center

Panamerican Journal of Trauma, Critical Care & Emergency Surgery ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10030-1088 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 53-58

Author(s):

A Sagayaraj ◽

Rijo M Jayaraju ◽

Mallika P Reddy ◽

KR Harshitha ◽

Priyanka Majety

Keyword(s):

Road Traffic ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Nasal Bone ◽

Road Traffic Crash ◽

Mandibular Fractures ◽

Traffic Crashes ◽

Large Variability ◽

Road Traffic Crashes ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

Tertiary Center

ABSTRACT Background and objectives Road traffic crashes are reported to be the leading cause of maxillofacial fractures in developing countries. The large variability in reported incidence and etiology is due to a variety of contributing factors, including environmental, cultural and socioeconomic factors. The study aims at describing the patterns of maxillofacial fractures in road traffic crashes by clinical and radiological methods and to study the complications associated with these fractures. Materials and methods The study included 100 road traffic crash patients with maxillofacial injuries. Patients were evaluated for any maxillofacial fracture by clinical assessment and, radiologically, using plain radiographs and computed tomography scan. Results Midfacial skeleton was more prone to fractures. Isolated fractures of the maxilla was the commonest (58%) followed by nasal bone fractures (43%). Among the complex fractures, Le Fort type II was the commonest. Mandibular fractures were seen in 33% of the patients, parasymphysis being the commonest site. Majority of the patients had associated soft tissue injuries. The incidence of complications associated with maxillofacial fractures was 11%, malocclusion being the commonest. Conclusion Maxillofacial fractures are commoner in the mobile population in the most productive age group, more so in two wheeler riders causing significant morbidity and mortality. Midface region is more prone to fractures and is most of the time associated with complications. How to cite this article Jayaraju RM, Sagayaraj A, Reddy MP, Harshitha KR, Majety P. Patterns of Maxillofacial Fractures in Road Traffic Crashes in an Indian Rural Tertiary Center. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2014;3(2):53-58.

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Epidemiology and pattern of paediatric injuries in a developing country: an analysis of 170 injuries

Malawi Medical Journal ◽

10.4314/mmj.v32i2.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 95-100

Author(s):

Ndubuisi O Onyemaechi

Keyword(s):

Teaching Hospital ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Traffic Crashes ◽

Road Traffic Crashes ◽

Nigeria Teaching Hospital ◽

Tissue Trauma ◽

Injured Patients ◽

Socioeconomic Consequences

BackgroundPaediatric injuries have significant physical, psychological and socioeconomic consequences. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology and pattern of paediatric injuries presenting at a teaching hospital in Enugu South-East Nigeria. MethodsA retrospective study of injured patients less than 18 years who presented to the Accident and Emergency department of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozalla, in Enugu Nigeria, was conducted from 1st January to 31st December 2015. Analysis of data was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0. ResultsA total of 1191 children presented to the hospital within the study period and 120 injured paediatric patients (10.1%) with 170 injuries were attended to in the A & E. Adolescents (12 -17 years) accounted for 34.2% of injuries and males (70%) were more affected than the females. Road traffic crashes and falls were the most common causes of paediatric injuries. There was a significant correlation between age of the children and the aetiology of the injuries (X2 = 28.08, p = 0.001). Bruises/lacerations/abrasions (27.6%) and fractures (27.1%) were the most common types of injuries sustained. The injury severity score (ISS) of the patients ranged from 1-25 with a mean of 6.4 + 2.8. Roadside/street (35%), school (23.3%) and home (21.7%) were the main locations where injuries occurred. Mean injury-arrival interval was 1.2 + 0.7 days. Majority (67.5%) of children had full recovery and the mortality rate was 5.8%.ConclusionsRoad traffic crashes and falls were the most common cause of paediatric injuries. Soft tissue trauma and fractures were the predominant types of injuries. Roadside, school and home were the leading locations of childhood injuries. Prevention of road traffic crashes and falls, prompt treatment of injuries, and rehabilitation of injured children will reduce the negative impact of paediatric injuries.

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Patterns of Facial Bone Fractures following Road Traffic Crashes: A Benin City Experience

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x00013765 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (S1) ◽

pp. 79-79

Author(s):

O. Osaiyuwu

Keyword(s):

Road Traffic ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Facial Bone ◽

Traffic Crashes ◽

Road Traffic Crashes ◽

Benin City

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Pattern and Distribution of Long Bone Fractures in Victims of Road Traffic Accidents in Bangalore City

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ◽

10.5958/0973-9130.2017.00047.0 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 229

Author(s):

Reddy Ravikanth ◽

P S Varghese

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Long Bone ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Bangalore City ◽

Long Bone Fractures

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Epidemiology of Long Bone Fractures in the Elderly and Treatment Outcome with Interlocking Nailing in Southwest of Nigeria

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v12n9p86 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

Oluwadare Esan ◽

M. A. Oladosu ◽

I. C. Ikem ◽

E. A. Orimolade ◽

O. O. Adegbehingbe

Keyword(s):

Elderly Patients ◽

Road Traffic Accident ◽

Traffic Accident ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

The Elderly ◽

Open Fractures ◽

Long Bone ◽

Long Bone Fractures ◽

Resource Poor

BACKGROUND: According to the literature, long bone fractures are not common in the elderly, with fractures occurring as a result of low energy and trivial falls. While epidemiological studies of long bone fractures in elderly patients in developed countries are scarce, it is almost non-existent in resource-poor location. Hence, this study of the patterns and presentation of long bone fractures amongst the elderly population in an African poor resource setting and their short-term outcomes following operative intervention METHODOLOGY: This was a retrospective study involving 48 patients who were 60 years and above and had intramedullary nailing for their long bone fractures. Biodata and other variables of interest such as fracture aetiology, level, type, infection, union and further surgeries were extracted. Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20. Statistical significance was inferred at p<0.05. RESULT: Forty-eight interlocking nailings done in the elderly patients who were 60 years old and above over a 15-year period (February 2004 -January 2019) were retrieved. The average age was 70.0 ± 7.51 years, with 56.3% as females. Closed fractures accounted for 75%, while the mechanism of injury was mostly Road Traffic Accident {RTA} (70.8%). Non-union was significantly related to the level of fracture, p = 0.04. While the infection rate was related to the type of fracture (open fractures), p = 0.02. CONCLUSION: Elderly long bone fractures followed majorly Road traffic accident (motorcycle-pedestrian) in resource-poor setting. for which most of the fractures united. The adverse outcome was associated with open fractures and proximal fractures.

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