scholarly journals O modelo de Karl Popper sob a ótica das Ciências Sociais Aplicadas

2012 ◽  
pp. 124-140
Author(s):  
Milton de Abreu Campanario ◽  
Milton de Freitas Chagas Junior ◽  
Mauro Silva Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Karl Popper

Karl Popper é o principal filósofo da ciência na modernidade, disputando com Thomas Kuhn a primazia de interpretação do método científico. Claramente há diferentes visões para uma leitura desse importante autor que cunhou o método chamado de dedutivo com teste. O texto reconhece a relevância da visão de Karl Popperno desenvolvimento de trabalhos científicos das ciências exatas e biológicas, onde é amplamente aceita. No entanto, nota-se que essa formulação é pouco sistematizada na área das ciências sociais aplicadas. Este é um ensaio que busca resgatar a sua contribuição, numa tentativa de traduzir os conceitos por ele desenvolvidos de forma didática. Para tanto, será feita uma introdução aos fundamentos da ciência como forma específica de conhecimento, buscando contrastar os métodos dedutivo e indutivo e os procedimentos da ciência formal, básica e aplicada. Uma tentativa de classificar a formulação de proposições a serem testadas ou falseadas é feita com a utilização de diferentes critérios, utilizando exemplos da administração e da economia para ilustração.

scholarly journals Falsabilidad y revoluciones científicas. Karl Popper y Thomas Kuhn

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
César L. Alcalde Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Karl Popper

Este ensayo sobre Karl Popper y Thomas S. Kuhn, presenta algunas consideraciones epistemológicas fundamentales de las tesis expuestas por ambos autores como filósofos de la ciencia. Para su desarrollo, además de las obras que se anotan en la bibliografía, han sido tomados como textos de consulta principales las obras de I. Lakatos y A. Musgrave, La Crítica y el Desarrollo del Conocimiento y de Harold I. Brown, La Nueva Filosofía de la Ciencia. El contenido de este ensayo filosófico consta de cuatro partes: la primera trata la historia, el significado y los representantes del Positivismo y del Empirismo lógicos. Luego, la segunda y tercera partes exponen las tesis o conceptualizaciones epistemológicas de Popper y Kuhn, vale decir falsabilidad y revoluciones científicas, respectivamente. En la conclusión, nuestras apreciaciones finales: Racionalidad y Controversia.

Falsification by Atrophy: The Kuhnian Process of Rejecting Theory in US Criminology

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-44
Author(s):  
Brendan D Dooley ◽  
Sean E Goodison
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
The Status ◽  
Criminology And Criminal Justice

Abstract Thomas Kuhn posits that the structure of science promotes revolutionary discovery. The decision of a scientific community to discard the status quo in favour of a revolutionary paradigm is influenced by sociological forces. Karl Popper disagreed, arguing that falsification is required. An examination of a random sample of 501 articles published in 14 peer-reviewed American outlets in criminology and criminal justice from 1993 to 2008 is coupled with oral histories from 17 leading criminologists in determining which approach best characterizes criminology. Twelve per cent of papers falsify theory. When not explicitly falsified, atrophy occurs when theory is overused (exhaustion), ignored (indolence) and subjected to a sustained critique (assault). The intention of the effort is to document and describe falsification and then invite further discourse.

scholarly journals Fossils with Feathers and Philosophy of Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 840-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce C Havstad ◽  
N Adam Smith
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe last half century of paleornithological research has transformed the way that biologists perceive the evolutionary history of birds. This transformation has been driven, since 1969, by a series of exciting fossil discoveries combined with intense scientific debate over how best to interpret these discoveries. Ideally, as evidence accrues and results accumulate, interpretive scientific agreement forms. But this has not entirely happened in the debate over avian origins: the accumulation of scientific evidence and analyses has had some effect, but not a conclusive one, in terms of resolving the question of avian origins. Although the majority of biologists have come to accept that birds are dinosaurs, there is lingering and, in some quarters, strident opposition to this view. In order to both understand the ongoing disagreement about avian origins and generate a prediction about the future of the debate, here we use a revised model of scientific practice to assess the current and historical state of play surrounding the topic of bird evolutionary origins. Many scientists are familiar with the metascientific scholars Sir Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn, and these are the primary figures that have been appealed to so far, in prior attempts to assess the dispute. But we demonstrate that a variation of Imre Lakatos’s model of progressive versus degenerative research programmes provides a novel and productive assessment of the debate. We establish that a refurbished Lakatosian account both explains the intractability of the dispute and predicts a likely outcome for the debate about avian origins. In short, here, we offer a metascientific tool for rationally assessing competing theories—one that allows researchers involved in seemingly intractable scientific disputes to advance their debates.

Karl Popper, Thomas Kuhn : Vie et mort des découvertes

2012 ◽  
Vol N° 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Thomas Lepeltier ◽  
Sophie Desbois
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Karl Popper

scholarly journals La idea de progreso en la ciencia. Aproximación crítica al debate evolucionista Kuhn-Popper

TecnoLógicas ◽  
2005 ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Raúl Domínguez-Rendón
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
Larry Laudan

Este artículo se centra en la identificación de algunas diferencias y similitudes entre las concepciones sobre el cambio científico esbozadas por Karl Popper, en La racionalidad de las revoluciones científicas, y por Thomas Kuhn, en La estructura de las revoluciones científicas; revisión enfocada particularmente en la visión evolucionista de cada uno sobre el progreso de la ciencia. Al final se presenta el punto de vista de Larry Laudan, expresado en Enfoques de solución de problemas al progreso científico, como una vía de interpretación complementaria y mucho más pluralista que, aunque muy crítica con ellos, coincide en algunos conceptos claves de ambos teóricos.

scholarly journals La descolonización epistemológica y la educación política en Colombia. Hacia una perspectiva ciudadana del buen vivir

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Jarol Andrés Piedrahita Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
Buen Vivir ◽  
Paul Feyerabend ◽  
El Sistema

En este artículo, que parte de la revisión teórica realizada dentro del desarrollo de una tesis doctoral, se pretende analizar el aporte que la descolonización epistemológica puede realizar a las transformaciones necesarias en el sistema educativo colombiano, tomando como ejemplo la educación política o ciudadana. Para ello se revisan inicialmente los conceptos más importantes en la discusión epistemológica clásica, con los planteamientos de Karl Popper, Thomas Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend y la Teoría Crítica; luego se presentan los principales postulados de las teorías descoloniales y las epistemologías del sur, sus conceptos centrales, autores representativos y aportes a la discusión epistemológica; para posteriormente realizar la revisión de las experiencias y fundamentos teóricos de las corrientes pedagógicas que se inscriben en esta tendencia, abordando los principios del Buen Vivir y del Vivir Bien, desde los cuales se analiza críticamente la propuesta de educación ciudadana en Colombia. Finalmente se concluye que un proceso de descolonización epistemológica, a partir de los principios del Buen Vivir, es necesario, no solamente para la educación política, sino también para el sistema educativo en general, en la búsqueda de nuevas formas de educación, fundadas en el respeto por todas las formas de vida, respeto hacia el otro y hacia la naturaleza.

scholarly journals UMA METODOLOGIA DE PROGRAMAS DE PESQUISA CIENTÍFICA, SEGUNDO LAKATOS

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Alziro César M. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
Imre Lakatos

SÍNTESE - Um dos aspectos mais amplamente abordados em estudos recentes de Filosofia da Ciência tem sido o debate epistemológico criado em tomo das idéias de Thomas Kuhn e Karl Popper. Na tentativa de resolver a controvérsia estabelecida, Imre Lakatos propôs a falsificação metodológica sofisticada. O presente artigo coloca em foco esta proposição, discutindo sua formulação e destacando a contribuição de Lakatos ao raciocinio epistemológico. PALAVRAS-CHAVE - filosofia da ciência, Lakatos, falsificação metodológica.

The Perils of Paradigm Mentalities: Revisiting Kuhn, Lakatos, and Popper

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Walker
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Science ◽  
American Political Science Review ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
Methodological Pluralism ◽  
The Status ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
American Political Science ◽  
Scientific Achievements

A common theme in the Centennial Issue of the American Political Science Review was how subfields have grown more specialized and insulated from one another. In this essay I argue that this trend has been hastened by the inappropriate incorporation of paradigm mentalities, first presented by Thomas Kuhn and later developed by Imre Lakatos. I show how paradigm mentalities help justify rigid opposition to theoretical alternatives and limit critical insight. While paradigm mentalities may be fitting for disciplines that demonstrate Kuhn'sconcrete scientific achievements,they constrain the study of political science and international relations in particular. I begin with a primer that compares Kuhn and Lakatos to Karl Popper. Next, I point to harmful consequences resulting from applying paradigm mentalities to the study of international relations. Among these is the tendency to act as if realism has earned the status of a paradigm and then invoke criteria of incommensurability and “subsumption” to deflect criticism. I conclude by discussing how Popper's model of science provides a better platform for the study of politics by encouraging theoretical and methodological pluralism.

Epistemologi dan Pengembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Fariz Pari
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Karl Popper

This article wants to show that science based on positivism contains many weaknesses, which are proven by critics of positivism from Western philosophers, such as Karl Popper, Thomas Kuhn, Feyerabend and Rorty. The reaction of these figures placed them in a post-positivism flow, a movement of resistance to positivism in various domains ranging from ontology, epistemology to methodology. Thus, Islam can be an alternative offer to develop science.

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