scholarly journals How Many Hospital Beds?

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda V. Green
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Bed Occupancy ◽  
Capacity Decisions ◽  
Timely Fashion ◽  
Bed Capacity ◽  
The Common ◽  
Primary Measure ◽  
Operational Data ◽  
Average Occupancy

For many years, average bed occupancy level has been the primary measure that has guided hospital bed capacity decisions at both policy and managerial levels. Even now, the common wisdom that there is an excess of beds nationally has been based on a federal target of 85% occupancy that was developed about 25 years ago. This paper examines data from New York state and uses queueing analysis to estimate bed unavailability in intensive care units (ICUs) and obstetrics units. Using various patient delay standards, units that appear to have insufficient capacity are identified. The results indicate that as many as 40% of all obstetrics units and 90% of ICUs have insufficient capacity to provide an appropriate bed when needed. This contrasts sharply with what would be deduced using standard average occupancy targets. Furthermore, given the model's assumptions, these estimates are likely to be conservative. These findings illustrate that if service quality is deemed important, hospitals need to plan capacity based on standards that reflect the ability to place patients in appropriate beds in a timely fashion rather than on target occupancy levels. Doing so will require the collection and analysis of operational data—such as demands for and use of beds, and patient delays—which generally are not available.

The Politics of Discipline: Balancing School Safety and Rights of Students with Disabilities

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Rose McCarthy ◽  
Leslie C. Soodak
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Common Good ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
New York State ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Educational Rights ◽  
State Administrators ◽  
The Common

The present study examined how public school administrators negotiate discipline policies that are intended to protect the common good and the educational rights of students with disabilities. We investigated the political nature of these decisions and the strategies used in reaching them through interviews with administrators in 9 public high schools in New York State. Administrators were aware of a tension between individual rights and the common good when resolving discipline issues. The degree of tension was affected by a variety of factors including the way in which discipline hearings were conducted and the availability of resources. Finally, we found that administrators rely heavily on negotiating skills and processes as they implement policies that sometimes reflect competing democratic values.

Considering Precedent in Louisiana: Balancing the Value of Predictable and Certain Interpretation with the Tradition of Flexibility and Adaptability

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Mary Garvey Algero
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Common Law ◽  
New York State ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stare Decisis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Judicial Opinions ◽  
The Right

Despite the fundamental differences between the doctrines employed in common law and civil law (or mixed) jurisdictions when it comes to the respect paid to prior court decisions and their weight or value, United States courts that follow the common law doctrine of stare decisis have embraced some of the flexibility inherent in the civil law doctrine, and civil law and mixed jurisdictions throughout the world, including Louisiana, that use the doctrine of jurisprudence constante seem to have come to value the predictability and certainty that come with the common law doctrine. This Article suggests that Louisiana courts are striking the right balance between valuing the predictability and certainty of interpretation that comes with a healthy respect for precedent and maintaining the flexibility and adaptability of the law by not strictly considering precedent a source of law. This Article discusses the results of an ongoing examination of the sources of law and the value of precedent in Louisiana. The examination involves a study of Louisiana legislation, Louisiana courts’ writings about the sources of law and precedent, and a survey of Louisiana judges. Part of the examination included reviewing Louisiana judicial opinions on various issues to determine if there were differences in valuing precedent based on area of law or topic. It also included reviewing judicial opinions from the United States Supreme Court and New York state courts to compare these courts’ approaches to the use of precedent with those of the Louisiana courts. The article is based on a paper presented to the Third Congress of Mixed Jurisdiction Jurists, which was held in Jerusalem, Israel in June 2011, and the author’s prior writings on the subject.

scholarly journals Teachers' Implementation of and Stages of Concern Regarding English Language Arts (ELA) Common Core State Standards (CCSS) in New York State

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Aloze Ogbonna
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Language Arts ◽  
Common Core ◽  
Common Core State Standards ◽  
New York State ◽  
Stages Of Concern ◽  
State Standards ◽  
Common Core Standards ◽  
Core State ◽  
The Common

Problem In the State of New York, the adoption and implementation of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and associated high-stakes assessments have sparked debates among educators, parents, students and politicians. Educators are concerned about its impact on students' test scores, graduation rates and school funding. With mounting accountability threats, teachers are forced to teach to the test in order to produce desirable test scores (Zimmerman, 2010, as cited in Pinar, 2012, p.17). Unfortunately, there were no studies that promoted understanding of teachers' concerns and the extent to which they were implementing the CCSS. The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers' concerns and the extent to which they were implementing the CCSS in language arts in the state of New York. Method The design of this study is a non-experimental quantitative design using survey research methodology. A survey using a modified Stages of Concern Questionnaire (SoCQ) and a researcher-developed implementation of language arts core standards questionnaire were given to Grades 6-12 ELA teachers from 75 selected schools in New York state. Seventy-five teachers responded to the questionnaire with 53 useable responses. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate correlation. Results Respondents were mostly from urban/suburban schools (90.4%). Teachers implement 13 of the 15 common core standards in language arts at least once a week (M=4.02 to M=6.15). Levels of implementation were similar in both middle and high schools (p>.05) and appear to be unrelated to number of years implementing the CCSS. Approximately half (52.8%) were at concern stages 4 to 6. And overall, there is no relationship between stage of concern and levels of implementation of the common core standards. Conclusions Teachers are adequately implementing language arts common core standards in New York. Half of the teachers' concerns are generally about how implementation of the standards affect their students and their colleagues. The other half are concerned about how implementation affects them personally. To achieve the objective of the curriculum and the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), teachers must continue to receive targeted professional development in their identified areas of needs.

scholarly journals Response of `Himrod' Grapevines to Cane Girdling

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 975-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Zabadal
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Vitis Labruscana ◽  
Central New York ◽  
The Common ◽  
Soluble Solids Concentration

The effect of cane girdling, in combination with the common commercial practices of gibberellic acid applications and/or other crop control, on vine size and fruit characteristics was measured over 3 years for `Himrod' grapevines (Vitis ×labruscana × V. vinifera) grown in central New York state. Cane girdles 4 mm wide between the second and third node from the base of each fruiting cane resulted in vines that were capable of sustaining vine size while enhancing several aspects of fruit quality. When added to several vine-manipulation regimes, cane girdling increased cluster weight as much as 106%, berries per cluster as much as 138%, and berry weight as much as 17%. Although cane girdling increased yield as much as 66%, it consistently reduced fruit soluble solids concentration (SSC). Therefore, for cane girdling to contribute to sustained production of quality `Himrod' table grapes in a cool-growing-season climate, it will be necessary to practice it in combination with a level of crop control that will ensure acceptable fruit SSC.

scholarly journals Critical Care Surge During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implementation and Feedback From Frontline Providers

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Adam B. Keene ◽  
Arieil L. Shiloh ◽  
Lewis Eisen ◽  
Jay Berger ◽  
Manoj Karwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
New York State ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Bed Capacity ◽  
Multidisciplinary Group ◽  
Care Capacity

Purpose: Montefiore Medical Center (MMC) in the Bronx, New York, was subjected to an unprecedented surge of critically ill patients with COVID-19 disease during the initial outbreak of the pandemic in New York State in the spring of 2020. It is important to describe our experience in order to assist hospitals in other areas of the country that may soon be subjected to similar surges. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the expansion of critical care medicine services at Montefiore during the COVID-19 surge in terms of space, staff, stuff, and systems. In addition, we report on a debriefing session held with a multidisciplinary group of frontline CCM providers at Montefiore. Findings: The surge of critically ill patients from COVID-19 disease necessitated a tripling of critical care bed capacity at (MMC), with attendant increased needs for staffing, equipment, and systematic innovations to increase efficiency and effectiveness. Feedback from a multidisciplinary group of frontline providers revealed multiple opportunities for improvement for the next potential surge at MMC as well as guidance for other hospitals. Conclusions: Given increasing cases and burden of critical illness from COVID-19 across the US, engineering safe and effective expansions of critical care capacity will be crucial. We hope that our description of what worked and what did not at MMC will help guide other hospitals in their pandemic preparedness.

Inventing the Woman Voter: Suffrage, Ability, and Patents

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-574
Author(s):  
Kara W. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Women Of Color ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
York State ◽  
Feminist History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

AbstractIn 1870, the New York State Suffrage Association published a pamphlet titled “Woman as Inventor.” White suffragists distributed this history of female invention to prove women's inventiveness, countering arguments that biological disabilities justified women's legal disabilities. In the United States, inventiveness was linked to the capacity for original thought considered crucial for voters, making female inventiveness relevant to the franchise. As women could and did receive patents, activists used them as government certification of female ability. By publicizing female inventors, counting patents granted to women, and displaying women's inventions, they sought to overturn the common wisdom that women could not invent and prove that they had the ability to vote. Although partially successful, these efforts left undisturbed the equally common assertion that African Americans could not invent. White suffragists kept the contemporary Black woman inventor invisible, relegating the technological creations of women of color to a primitive past. White suffragists created a feminist history of invention, in words and objects, that reinforced white supremacy—another erasure of Black women, whose activism white suffragists were eager to harness, yet whose public presence they sought to minimize in order to keep the woman voter, like the woman inventor, presumptively white.

Clarifying the relationship between translingual practice and L2 writing: addressing learner identities

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Canagarajah
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Teachers ◽  
New York State ◽  
State Standards ◽  
Writing Programs ◽  
Core State ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article re-examines the distinction between native and nonnative students that writing programs adopt in structuring their courses. It critiques the monolingual orientation based on ideologies of language ownership, homogeneity, and territoriality that this distinction is based on and develops a more expansive translingual orientation relevant to diversity in globalization and multilingualism. After articulating the changes involved in facilitating literacy acquisition, it examines the uptake of writing scholars to address their concerns. The article ends by illustrating how policy level changes can be made to accommodate the emerging orientations of translingualism by discussing how New York State secondary school teachers have implemented the Common Core State Standards.

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