Visualization of Amsterdam Airbnb Business Performance using Customer Reviews

This article focuses on Airbnb that was one of the most popular sharing models in Economics. This study investigates the Airbnb business performance using customer reviews to calculate the monthly occupancy rate and a yearly income of Airbnb hosts in Amsterdam between 2015 and 2019. This study uses modest and optimistic estimates for the review rate with 0.6 percent and 0.4 percent, respectively, and 3.9 for the average length of stay in Amsterdam. Findings reveal that the visitors increase from May to June, then again in September and October. The monthly occupancy rate of the super host has a higher occupancy rate rather than the regular host at every district. The yearly income of the super hosts in Centrum-West and Centrum-Oost was higher than in other districts, while annual income was most deficient in Gaasperdam - Driemond. In term of average occupancy and number of maximum people per accommodation, accommodations which accommodate more than eleven people have more occupancy rate than others. Customer reviews can be used to calculate the monthly occupancy rate and a yearly income of Airbnb hosts.

Relationship between emergency department and inpatient occupancy and the likelihood of an emergency admission: a retrospective hospital database study

BackgroundWe investigate whether admission from a consultant-led ED is associated with ED occupancy or crowding and inpatient (bed) occupancy.MethodsWe used general additive logistic regression to explore the relationship between the probability of an ED patient being admitted, ED crowding and inpatient occupancy levels. We adjust for patient, temporal and attendance characteristics using data from 13 English NHS Hospital Trusts in 2019. We define quintiles of occupancy in ED and for four types of inpatients: emergency, overnight elective, day case and maternity.ResultsCompared with periods of average occupancy in ED, a patient attending during a period of very high (upper quintile) occupancy was 3.3% less likely (relative risk (RR) 0.967, 95% CI 0.958 to 0.977) to be admitted, whereas a patient arriving at a time of low ED occupancy was 3.9% more likely (RR 1.039 95% CI 1.028 to 1.050) to be admitted. When the number of overnight elective, day-case and maternity inpatients reaches the upper quintile then the probability of admission from ED rises by 1.1% (RR 1.011 95% CI 1.001 to 1.021), 3.8% (RR 1.038 95% CI 1.025 to 1.051) and 1.0% (RR 1.010 95% CI 1.001 to 1.020), respectively. Compared with periods of average emergency inpatient occupancy, a patient attending during a period of very high emergency inpatient occupancy was 1.0% less likely (RR 0.990 95% CI 0.980 to 0.999) to be admitted and a patient arriving at a time of very low emergency inpatient occupancy was 0.8% less likely (RR 0.992 95% CI 0.958 to 0.977) to be admitted.ConclusionsAdmission thresholds are modestly associated with ED and inpatient occupancy when these reach extreme levels. Admission thresholds are higher when the number of emergency inpatients is particularly high. This may indicate that riskier discharge decisions are taken when beds are full. Admission thresholds are also high when pressures within the hospital are particularly low, suggesting the potential to safely reduce avoidable admissions.

Hydrogen Inter-Cage Hopping and Cage Occupancies inside Hydrogen Hydrate: Molecular-Dynamics Analysis

The inter-cage hopping in a type II clathrate hydrate with different numbers of H2 and D2 molecules, from 1 to 4 molecules per large cage, was studied using a classical molecular dynamics simulation at temperatures of 80 to 240 K. We present the results for the diffusion of these guest molecules (H2 or D2) at all of the different occupations and temperatures, and we also calculated the activation energy as the energy barrier for the diffusion using the Arrhenius equation. The average occupancy number over the simulation time showed that the structures with double and triple large-cage H2 occupancy appeared to be the most stable, while the small cages remained with only one guest molecule. A Markov model was also calculated based on the number of transitions between the different cage types.

Evaluation of dopamine D3 receptor occupancy by blonanserin using [11C]-(+)-PHNO in schizophrenia patients

Rationale Unlike other antipsychotics, our previous positron emission tomography (PET) study demonstrated that a single dose of blonanserin occupied dopamine D3 as well as dopamine D2 receptors in healthy subjects. However, there has been no study concerning the continued use of blonanserin. Objectives We examined D2 and D3 receptor occupancies in patients with schizophrenia who had been treated with blonanserin. Methods Thirteen patients with schizophrenia participated. PET examinations were performed on patients treated with clinical dosage of blonanserin or olanzapine alone. A crossover design was used in which seven patients switched drugs after the first scan, and PET examinations were conducted again. D2 and D3 receptor occupancies were evaluated by [11C]-(+)-PHNO. We used nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) of 6 healthy subjects which we previously reported as baseline. To consider the effect of upregulation of D3 receptor by continued use of antipsychotics, D3 receptor occupancy by blonanserin in seven subjects who completed 2 PET scans were re-analyzed by using BPND of olanzapine condition as baseline. Results Average occupancy by olanzapine (10.8 ± 6.0 mg/day) was as follows: caudate 32.8 ± 18.3%, putamen 26.3 ± 18.2%, globus pallidus − 33.7 ± 34.9%, substantia nigra − 112.8 ± 90.7%. Average occupancy by blonanserin (12.8 ± 5.6 mg/day) was as follows: caudate 61.0 ± 8.3%, putamen 55.5 ± 9.5%, globus pallidus 48.9 ± 12.4%, substantia nigra 34.0 ± 20.6%. EC50 was 0.30 ng/mL for D2 receptor for caudate and putamen (df = 19, p < 0.0001) and 0.70 ng/mL for D3 receptor for globus pallidus and substantia nigra (df = 19, p < 0.0001). EC50 for D3 receptor of blonanserin changed to 0.22 ng/mL (df = 13, p = 0.0041) when we used BPND of olanzapine condition as baseline. Conclusions Our study confirmed that blonanserin occupied both D2 and D3 receptors in patients with schizophrenia.

MAIN INDICATORS OF THE NEUROLOGICAL PROFILE BED FUND OF ROUND-THE-CLOCK AND DAILY STAY HOSPITALS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND ITS REGIONS

In the Russian Federation the process of reduction of the round-the-clock bed fund with the simultaneous development of hospital-replacing technologies has been going on for more than twenty-five years, as well as, in most developed countries of the world, in recent decades.From 2010 to 2018 the absolute number of neurological round-the-clock hospital beds in the Russian Federation, as well as hospital beds of most other profiles, has significantly decreased: from 73754 to 64116 (by 13.1%), as well decreased the hospitalization rate (from 12.6 to 12.2 per 1000 population — by 3.2%) and the provision of these beds (from 5.16 to 4.37 per 10,000 population — by 15.3%), the average length of stay in a neurological bed (from 13.7 to 11.3 days — by 17.5%) and its average occupancy per year (341 to 328 days — by 3.8%). In 2018, the extreme values of the indicator of the provision of the population with hospital beds of the neurological profile of round-the-clock stay in the regions of the Russian Federation differed 2.5 times, what indicates the imbalance in the structural transformations of the hospital bed fund in the regions of the Russian Federation. Mortality in neurological hospital beds in the Russian Federation increased from 3.77% in 2010 to 4.17% in 2018 (by 10.6%).Thus, it is possible to conclude that a hospital-replacing function takes place in the country and there has been a redistribution of the volume of neurological care from the round-the-clock hospital beds to daily stay hospital beds, however, the bed fund of both round-the-clock and daily stay hospitals is characterized by extreme disproportionality of development in the regions of the Russian Federation, what may indicate an imbalance in structural-functional transformations, what should be carried out taking into account the characteristics of each particular region.

Partial catalytic Cys oxidation of human GAPDH to Cys-sulfonic acid.

Background: n-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) catalyses the NAD+-dependent oxidative phosphorylation of n-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-diphospho-n-glycerate and its reverse reaction in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Methods: Four distinct crystal structures of human n-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (HsGAPDH) have been determined from protein purified from the supernatant of HEK293F human epithelial kidney cells. Results: X-ray crystallography and mass-spectrometry indicate that the catalytic cysteine of the protein (HsGAPDH Cys152) is partially oxidised to cysteine S-sulfonic acid. The average occupancy for the Cys152-S-sulfonic acid modification over the 20 crystallographically independent copies of HsGAPDH across three of the crystal forms obtained is 0.31±0.17. Conclusions: The modification induces no significant structural changes on the tetrameric enzyme, and only makes aspecific contacts to surface residues in the active site, in keeping with the hypothesis that the oxidising conditions of the secreted mammalian cell expression system result in HsGAPDH catalytic cysteine S-sulfonic acid modification and irreversible inactivation of the enzyme.

Partial catalytic Cys oxidation of human GAPDH

Background: n-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) catalyses the reversible NAD+-dependent oxidative phosphorylation of n-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-diphospho-n-glycerate in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Methods: Four distinct crystal structures of human n-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (HsGAPDH) have been determined from protein purified from the supernatant of HEK293F human epithelial kidney cells. Results: X-ray crystallography and mass-spectrometry indicate that the catalytic cysteine of the protein (HsGAPDH Cys152) is partially oxidised to cysteine S-sulfonic acid. The average occupancy for the Cys152-S-sulfonic acid modification over the 20 crystallographically independent copies of HsGAPDH across three of the crystal forms obtained is 0.31±0.17. Conclusions: The modification induces no significant structural changes on the tetrameric enzyme, and only makes aspecific contacts to surface residues in the active site, in keeping with the hypothesis that the oxidising conditions of the secreted mammalian cell expression system result in HsGAPDH catalytic cysteine S-sulfonic acid modification and irreversible inactivation of the enzyme.

MAIN EFFICIENCY INDICATORS OF THE THERAPEUTIC PROFILE BED FUND OF THE ROUND-THE-CLOCK AND DAILY STAY HOSPITALS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The process of structural and functional restructuring of the hospital bed fund has been going on in Russia for more than 20 years. The article analyzes the main efficiency indicators of the therapeutic profile bed fund of both round-the-clock and daily stay hospitals in the Russian Federation, in dynamics for 2010–2018 years. For the period 2010–2018 the number of therapeutic round-the-clock hospital beds in the Russian Federation decreased from 134550 to 90839 (by 32.5%), the following indicators decreased: hospitalization rate for therapeutic hospital beds (from 31.0 to 24.7 per 1000 population — by 20.3%), the provision with these beds (from 9.42 to 7.77 per 1000 population — by 17.5%), the average treatment duration in a therapeutic bed (from 12.2 days to 10.0 — by 18.0%) and the average occupancy of a therapeutic bed in a year (from 331 to 325 days — by 1.8%). In 2018 the extreme values of the indicator of the hospitalization rate for round-the-clock hospital beds in the some regions of the Russian Federation differ by 11.8 times, provision with hospital beds — by 16 times, average occupancy of hospital beds in a year — by 1.5 times, average treatment duration — by 1.5 times. The revealed differences are significant, what indicates the imbalance of the ongoing structural transformations. Mortality in therapeutic beds in the Russian Federation increased: from 1.83% in 2010 to 1.94% in 2018 (by 6.0%). Provision of the population of the Russian Federation with places in daily stay hospitals of a therapeutic profile has decreased: by 5.1% in medical organizations providing inpatient care (from 1.56 per 10000 population in 2010 to 1.48 in 2018), and in the daily stay hospitals of medical organizations providing outpatient care — by 7.8% (from 5.12 per 10000 of the population in 2014 to 4.72 in 2018). The extreme values of the provision with therapeutic hospital beds in the regions of the Russian Federation per 10000 of the population vary significantly: in daily stay hospitals of medical organizations providing inpatient care — from 0 in 7 regions to 4.6 in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, and in daily stay hospitals of organizations providing medical care on an outpatient basis, from 0 in the YamaloNenets Autonomous district to 13.95 in the Sakhalin, what reflects the disproportionate organization of a network of therapeutic profile daily stay hospitals in the country's regions. In the Russian Federation, during the observation period, the level of hospitalizations in round-the-clock hospitals of the therapeutic profile decreased by 20.3%, while the level of hospitalizations in daily care hospitals of the therapeutic profile of organizations providing inpatient care increased only by 8.8%. At the same time, the level of hospitalizations in daily stay hospitals of the therapeutic profile of medical organizations providing outpatient care even decreased by 1.6% during the same period, indicating a lack of adequate growth the expected substitutional function of daily stay hospitals in the country. The issue of further structural and functional optimization of the bed fund of the country remains relevant.

The 85% bed occupancy fallacy: The use, misuse and insights of queuing theory

Queuing theory can and has been used to inform bed pool capacity decision making, though rarely by managers themselves. The insights it brings are also not widely and properly understood by healthcare managers. These two shortcomings lead to the persistent fallacy of there being a globally applicable optimum average occupancy target, for example 85%, which can in turn lead to over- or under-provision of resources. Through this paper, we aim both to make queuing models more accessible and to provide visual demonstrations of the general insights managers should absorb from queuing theory. Occupancy is a consequence of the patient arrival rate and ‘treatment’ rate (the number of beds and length of stay). There is a trade-off between the average occupancy and access to beds (measured by, for example, the risk of access block due to all beds being full or the average waiting time for a bed). Managerially, the decision-making input should be the level of access to beds required, and so bed occupancy should be an output. Queuing models are useful to quickly draw the shape of these access-occupancy trade-off curves. Moreover, they can explicitly show the effect that variation (lack of regularity) in the times between arrivals and in the lengths of stay of individual patients has on the shape of the trade-off curves. In particular, with the same level of access, bed pools subject to lower variation can operate at higher average occupancy. Further, to improve access to a bed pool, reducing variation should be considered.