Cyberspace Institutions, Community and Legitimate Authority

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Reed
Keyword(s):  
Legitimate Authority

Religious Zionism, Jewish Law, and the Morality of War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Eisen
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legitimate Authority ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Law And Ethics ◽  
Present Book ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Morality Of War

When the state of Israel was established in 1948, it was immediately thrust into war, and rabbis in the religious Zionist community were challenged with constructing a body of Jewish law to deal with this turn of events. Laws had to be “constructed” here because Jewish law had developed mostly during prior centuries when Jews had no state or army, and therefore it contained little material on war. The rabbis in the religious Zionist camp responded to this challenge by creating a substantial corpus of laws on war, and they did so with remarkable ingenuity and creativity. The work of these rabbis represents a fascinating chapter in the history of Jewish law and ethics, but it has attracted relatively little attention from academic scholars. The purpose of the present book is therefore to bring some of their work to light. It examines how five of the leading rabbis in the religious Zionist community dealt with key moral issues in the waging of war. Chapters are devoted to R. Abraham Isaac Kook, R. Isaac Halevi Herzog, R. Eliezer Waldenberg, R. Sha’ul Yisraeli, and R. Shlomo Goren. The moral issues examined include the question of who is a legitimate authority for initiating a war, why Jews in a modern Jewish state can be drafted to fight on its behalf, and whether the killing of enemy civilians is justified. Other issues examined include how the laws of war as formulated by religious Zionist rabbis compares to those of international law.

On the Legitimacy of Expectations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Brown
Keyword(s):  
Basic Structure ◽  
Legitimate Authority ◽  
Complex Theory ◽  
Role Responsibility ◽  
Administrative Agencies ◽  
Substantive Justice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law

Section I identifies the weaknesses in existing accounts which locate the legitimacy of expectations in underpinning laws and legal entitlements (the Law-Based Account), in the substantive justice of expectations and/or the justice of the basic structure which forms the background to expectations (the Justice-Based Account), or in the legitimacy of the governing agencies and political authorities whose acts and omissions are both the cause and the subject of expectations (the Legitimate Authority-Based Account). Section II introduces a rival account, the Responsibility-Based Account, according to which the legitimacy of expectations depends on the responsibility of governmental administrative agencies for bringing about agent’s expectations, allied to those agencies already having been given or having assumed a role responsibility for making binding decisions affecting the important interests of agents. Finally, Section III expounds in more detail the complex theory of responsibility that undergirds the Responsibility-Based Account.

‘Chinese’ hegemony from a Korean shi perspective: aretocracy in the early modern East Asia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inho Choi
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
World Order ◽  
Legitimate Authority ◽  
Normative Influence ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
Chinese State

Abstract The study of pre-modern Chinese hegemony is crucial for both theorizing hegemony and envisioning a new global order. I argue the pre-modern Chinese hegemony was a reciprocal rule of virtue, or aretocracy, driven by the transnational sociocultural elites shi. In contrast to the prevailing models of Chinese hegemony, the Early Modern East Asia was not dominated by the unilateral normative influence of the Chinese state. The Chinese and non-Chinese shi as non-statist sociocultural elites co-produced, through their shared civilizational heritage, a hegemonic order in which they had to show excellence in civil virtues to wield legitimate authority. In particular, the Ming and Chosŏn shi developed a tradition of envoy poetry exchanges as a medium for co-constructing Chinese hegemony as aretocracy. The remarkable role of excellent ethos for world order making in Early Modern East Asia compels us to re-imagine how we conduct our global governance.

Why China’s Re-centralisation Emerges in the Age of Globalisation?

China Report ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-56
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Shuyang Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reform ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Legitimate Authority ◽  
System Reform ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Charismatic Authority ◽  
New Type ◽  
Important Sign ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Tax Sharing

Although involved in the age of globalisation,1 China has become more centralised. After the decentralisation from 1978 to 1993, the trend of centralisation2 has been once again strengthened since 1994, which was called re-centralisation by some scholars. Many scholars only focus on the period since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, but they fail to find out the root cause for re-centralisation. They ignore the fact that the 1994 Tax-sharing System Reform is an important sign of China’s re-centralisation, the answer may lie in it. In this article, we analyse the 1994 Tax-Sharing System from the perspective of Weber’s theory of domination and find out that the anxiety of the new Chinese central government in the early 1990s was the motivation for both tax reform and re-centralisation. At that time, the new central government could rely on none of Weber’s types of legitimate authority to maintain efficient operations because the charismatic authority3 of central leaders had weakened since the era of Deng Xiaoping, and the new type of authority had not been established. In these circumstances, the central government was eager to reshape the authority to stabilise the centralised order, which was also the basic motivation for Tax-Sharing System Reform.

scholarly journals Opposition and dissidence: Two modes of resistance against international rule

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Daase ◽  
Nicole Deitelhoff
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Legitimate Authority ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Rule ◽  
Normative Implications

Rule is commonly conceptualized with reference to the compliance it invokes. In this article, we propose a conception of rule via the practice of resistance instead. In contrast to liberal approaches, we stress the possibility of illegitimate rule, and, as opposed to critical approaches, the possibility of legitimate authority. In the international realm, forms of rule and the changes they undergo can thus be reconstructed in terms of the resistance they provoke. To this end, we distinguish between two types of resistance—opposition and dissidence—in order to demonstrate how resistance and rule imply each other. We draw on two case studies of resistance in and to international institutions to illustrate the relationship between rule and resistance and close with a discussion of the normative implications of such a conceptualization.

Chilean adolescents’ beliefs about the legitimacy of parental authority: Individual and age-related differences

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio Cumsille ◽  
Nancy Darling ◽  
Brian P. Flaherty ◽  
M. Loreto Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Parental Control ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Parental Authority ◽  
Shared Control ◽  
Legitimate Authority ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Personal Domain ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Legitimacy Beliefs

Individual and age-related differences in the patterning of adolescents’ beliefs about the legitimacy of parental authority were examined in a sample of 3425 Chilean adolescents (Mage = 15.0). During early, middle, and late adolescence, three analogous patterns of beliefs about the legitimacy of parental authority were identified using latent class analysis (LCA). Youth in the Parental Control class ceded parents legitimate control over issues in the multi-faceted and prudential domains and were relatively likely to cede parental control over the personal domain. Those in the Shared Control class differentiated the prudential from other domains. Those in the Personal Control class denied parents legitimate authority over issues in all domains. Within analogous classes, younger adolescents were more likely to grant parents legitimate authority than older adolescents. Results are consistent with prior research documenting age-related differences, but raise important questions about the normative nature of age-related change in legitimacy beliefs. The advantages of studying sub-groups and variability in the patterning of legitimacy beliefs are discussed.

The Law of the Father, the Law of the Land: Power, Gender and Race in The Shield

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIKE CHOPRA-GANT
Keyword(s):  
Race Relations ◽  
White Male ◽  
Legitimate Authority ◽  
Television Series ◽  
Real Power ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The Law ◽  
And Gender

This article examines the construction of gender and race in the television series The Shield (FX 2002–). The article argues that while The Shield seems to offer an ostensibly progressive vision of a multi-cultural society in which race and gender represent no barrier to the possession of legitimate authority, the series premises the possibility of such access to power on the continuing possession of “real” power by a paternalistic white, male figure, thus presenting a regressive conservative vision of gender and race relations in contemporary US society.

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