The Successful Communication Principle

This chapter introduces the case for the ‘Successful Communication Principle’ for the scope of consent, according to which an action falls within the scope of someone’s consent when the consent-giver successfully communicates an intention to permit this action. This principle pairs with a view of consent as consisting in successful communication between the consent-giver and the consent-receiver. This principle and view can be motivated by the Control Argument, which appeals to the idea that an agent wrongs a victim by acting in the victim’s personal domain in a way that the victim does not control. For a consent-giver to control a consent-receiver’s conduct in virtue of the consent-receiver being guided by their consent, there must be successful communication between the consent-giver and the consent-receiver.

Examining the mediating role of resources in the temporal relationship between proactive burnout prevention and burnout

Background Employees who engage in proactive burnout prevention can prevent burnout by changing aspects of the work, home, and personal domain. However, these proactive behaviors may be impeded by high initial levels of burnout. Based on the conservation of resources theory and the dual-pathway proactivity model, resources were expected to play a vital role in the relationship between proactive burnout prevention and burnout through two distinct processes: a resource-generation process in which proactive burnout prevention negatively affects burnout through an increase in resources, and a resource-depletion process in which proactive burnout prevention is hindered because high initial levels of burnout negatively affected resources. Methods A two-wave longitudinal panel design was used in which 617 employees, mainly employed in government agencies, healthcare and education, were asked to complete an online survey twice with an interval of 1 month. Results Results of structural equation modelling showed clear evidence for the resource-generation process in the work, home, and personal domain, and only limited evidence for the resource-depletion process. Solely in the personal domain a small negative indirect effect of burnout on proactive burnout prevention through personal resources was found. Conclusions The findings of this study confirm that employees can proactively prevent burnout by investing in resources, yet proactive actions should be taken before increased burnout-complaints impede employees to do so. This study contributes to scientific knowledge on proactive behaviors and burnout prevention by investigating the mechanism underlying the temporal relationship between proactive burnout prevention and burnout. An important practical implication of this study is that it highlights that more attention should be given to employees’ self-initiated actions to prevent burnout, as proactive burnout prevention can effectively reduce levels of burnout.

Why the professional practice of psychology requires a personalistic account of psychological phenomena

Concerns about the epistemological unity of psychology may be attributed to the plurality of outlooks and methods, as well as to an ostensible gap between scientific psychology and professional practice. Such a gap threatens the identity of psychology and also hinders the adequate development of its practical dimension. Scientific psychology mainly adopts a naturalistic outlook and calls for a subpersonal account of psychological phenomena. Opponents of such an approach to psychology maintain that human events have unique features and call for a personalistic account of them. The adoption of an approach underscoring the centrality of personhood—that acknowledges the specificity of the personal domain—may bridge the gap between science and practice, promoting the feasibility of practical psychology.

Impact of contexts, resource types and perceptions on information management within the personal domain among college students

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how college students' personal information behaviors were impacted by contexts, resource types and perceptions of personal information management.Design/methodology/approachUsing an online survey, a total of 1,194 valid responses were collected from college students. The three contexts used for this study include academic, health and personal digital history. Specific scenarios, along with sets of resource types, were provided for each context.FindingsThe findings show that college students' perceptions and contexts strongly influence their activities related to personal information, and that resource types impact their activities depending on the context in which the resource types are situated. The findings of this study provide evidence of how varying factors influence personal information behaviors at different levels. Information professionals need to design their services and programs in a way that is cognizant of the factors that influence users and the challenges that users meet with in different contexts and resource types.Originality/valueThe findings of this study contribute to personal information research by providing an understanding of how context, perceptions and resource types intertwiningly influence personal information behaviors. This study provides an insight into widely accepted patterns and perceptions of personal information behavior with particular information resource types and within specific contexts.

The bike, the back, and the boyfriend

Using comparative sociolinguistic methods, we probe the underlying mechanisms governing the variation between possessive determiners, my bike, and the definite article, the bike, in possessive contexts in two mainstream English varieties (Canadian and British English, N = 6,217). Results indicate the is stable and pervasive, occurring approximately 30 percent of the time with personal domain possessed nouns. For some nouns, e.g. dog and cat, the occurs over 75 percent of the time. The Canadian Oxford Dictionary records possessive the as chiefly British, while Quirk et al. (1985: 271–272) observe that only low-status men use it; however, we find no difference between the UK and Canada, nor a significant gender or education effect in either dataset. When we model the variation between forms according to conceptions of ownership, we find an underlying system for encoding communal possession that transcends social categories and dialect: the more that possession is communal, the more the is used.

The Development of a Proactive Burnout Prevention Inventory: How Employees Can Contribute to Reduce Burnout Risks

Proactive burnout prevention refers to a set of proactive behaviors employees may engage in to prevent burnout. Findings of a previous exploratory qualitative study indicated that employees who had to deal with high demands engaged in specific proactive behaviors in the work, home, and personal domain in order to prevent burnout. To further examine proactive burnout prevention in longitudinal quantitative research and to be able to investigate its effectiveness, an inventory for assessing these kinds of behaviors is necessary. The goal of this study was twofold: 1) to develop an inventory to assess employees’ proactive burnout prevention behaviors and examine its factorial validity, 2) to explore the broader nomological network of proactive burnout prevention behaviors by examining its convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity. A two-wave longitudinal survey (T1: N = 343; T2: N = 201) was conducted. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that proactive burnout prevention can be reliably assessed with 40 items that load on 12 factors, indicating 12 separate proactive burnout prevention behaviors. Moreover, exploration of the convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of the proactive burnout prevention inventory showed promising results, as expected relationships were confirmed for most behaviors. Further research is needed to substantiate the findings and examine the effectiveness of proactive burnout prevention.

Media reporting on violence against women in Bosnia and Herzegovina

This paper aims to present research findings on the reporting of two print media in Bosnia and Herzegovina on violence against women. Qualitative-quantitative analysis of the content of the two daily papers Nezavisne novine and Dnevni avaz during February 2019 was used to analyze the responsibility of the media in reporting on violence against women. The aim of the research was twofold: to examine the compliance of journalistic practice with the codes and laws of ethical conduct of media professionals and to examine whether the media emphasize violence against women in the family and community as a personal or as a social problem. The results of the quantitative analysis show a larger number of articles on violence against women in the community, while family violence against women remains in the personal domain, although it is most prevalent in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results of the qualitative analysis indicate that the media do not deal with violence from an analytical point of view. Instead, the media deal with the reckless and unethical stereotyping of the female victim, as well as the situational portrayal of violence against women, i.e. only after the violent act. The research findings confirm the findings of much more extensive and comprehensive studies conducted so far in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which indicate that the expansion of sensationalist reporting on violence against women is becoming a skillfully used tool to justify male aggression, filling the black chronicle and attracting attention, which produces a kind of effect of audience resilience on violence.