3D Scanning/Printing: A Technological Stride in Sculpture

The creation of innovative tools, objects and artifacts that introduce abstract ideas in the real world is a necessary step for the evolution process and characterize the creative capacity of civilization. Sculpture is based on the available technology for its creation process and is strongly related to the level of technological sophistication of each era. This paper analyzes the evolution of basic sculpture techniques (carving, lost-wax casting and 3D scanning/printing), and their importance as a culture footprint. It also presents and evaluates the added creative capacities of each technological step and the different methods of 3D scanning/printing concerning sculpture. It is also an attempt to define the term “material poetics”, which is connected to sculpture artifacts. We conclude that 3D scanning/printing is an important sign of civilization, although artifacts lose a part of material poetics with additive manufacturing. Subsequently, there are various causes of the destruction of sculptures, leaving a hole in the history of art. Finally, this paper showcases the importance of 3D scanning/printing in salvaging cultural heritage, as it has radically altered the way we “backup” objects.

A Review of Lactoferrin Inflammatory Role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Neutrophil Dysfunction

Lactoferrin (LF) is a protein that plays important roles in many diseases including diabetes mellitus (DM). DM is one of the most challenging health concerns of the 21st century. At least 30% of the diabetic population is undiagnosed at any one time, so effective and early diagnosis is of critical concern. Several of the body’s chemicals, such as enzymes, electrolytes, and proteins, have been used as biomarkers in the diagnosis of diabetic diseases. Detection of LF is considered an important sign of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), due to its activity as an anti-inflammatory agent and in the down-regulation of pro-inflammation. LF is produced by glandular epithelial cells and neutrophils, and a decrease in its concentration is linked with the dysfunction of neutrophils in many diseases. Neutrophils are the first line of defence against pathogens that invade the human body during inflammation. Therefore, the health of neutrophils can be employed as a biomarker in the diagnosis of diseases such as diabetes. A decrease in LF concentrations in T2DM could result in increased levels of inflammatory markers that are associated with the inflammation activity. Increased understanding of the link between LF concentration and development of T2DM should improve early diagnosis and treatment outcomes. LF is identified through use of various techniques such as immunoassay, proteomics, and spectrometry. The aim of this review is to summarise each pathway and some of the most relevant LF biomarkers that may be used to monitor the development or progression of diabetes and its complications, and the link between levels of LF and neutrophil dysfunction in T2DM. Moreover, the objective of this review is to show the most common LF analysis that may be useful in the clinical diagnosis of T2DM and discuss to what extent this analysis method can be a tool for prognostic and diagnostic work.

Focus on Estern European Stage Directors

Palgrave Macmillan Publishing House contributions on Global/International Theatre and Performance topics continued in 2021 by a new title 20 Ground- Breaking Directors of Eastern Europe edited by Kalina Stefanova and Marvin Carlson. The book is an important sign taken into consideration by its authors, especially since the theatre, in the last year and a half, has been one of the areas most affected by pandemic situation. Setting the spotlight on the twenty Eastern European stage directors represents a significant gesture in the very diverse landscape, always selfreflective in terms of status in the new context and in which the boundaries between the arts dissipate. The value of such complex studies grows both because they are momentary photographs, as well as a settlement in recent history with directions that foresee the future crossed by a thrill of insecurity.

The Crazy-Paving Pattern in Chest CT Imaging of COVID-19 Patients: An Alarming Sign for Hospitalization

Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major threat to all humans. Objectives: To assess the association between the patients’ clinical and laboratory records, CT findings, and epidemiological features of COVID-19 with the severity of the disease. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective case-control study conducted on the medical records of confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia patients on admission, we investigated the CT manifestations and clinical and laboratory risk factors for progression to severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The medical records and radiological CT features of confirmed COVID-19 patients were reviewed in one public hospital and one respiratory clinic in Qom, Iran, from August 1 to September 30, 2020. Results: Of 236 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 62 were infected with moderate to severe COVID-19 and required hospital admission, and 174 were followed-up on an outpatient basis. A significant difference was found in the mean age of the outpatient and hospitalized groups. The incidence of bilateral lung involvement, consolidations, linear opacities, crazy-paving pattern, air bronchogram, and number of lobes involved were significantly higher in the hospitalized group compared to the outpatient group. However, the crazy-paving pattern was only significantly associated with an oxygen saturation (SpO2) level < 90% and, coughing. Our findings indicated that the crazy-paving pattern was significantly associated with the inflammatory phase. The presence of this pattern on admission, SpO2 < 90%, older age, and diabetes were independent risk factors for progression to severe COVID-19. Conclusion: The crazy-paving pattern can predict the severity of COVID-19, which is of great importance in the management and follow-up of COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Clinical factors, such as aging, male gender, and diabetes, may be risk factors for the crazy-paving pattern. Severe cough is the most important clinical sign related to this pattern, along with an SpO2 < 90%, which is an important sign of COVID-19 severity.

Correlation between Handgrip Strength and Depression in Older Adults—A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis

Background: Depression remains an important health problem among older adults and it may be correlated with the deterioration of physical fitness, whose chief indicator is hand grip strength (HGS). The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between depression and HGS among older populations using the available literature. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct databases were searched. The inclusion criteria were as follows: written in English and published after 2009, subject age: ≥60 years, HGS measured using a hand dynamometer, assessment of the depressive symptoms using a validated tool. The following articles were excluded: studies conducted among institutionalized subjects and/or populations with a specific disease. Results: The total combined effect of 33 results presented in 16 studies included in the meta-analysis, converted to the correlation coefficient, was OEr = −0.148 (SE = 0.030, 95%CI: −0.206–−0.091), indicating a weak, negative correlation between HGS and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The review of the literature and the meta-analysis demonstrated a relationship between low muscle strength and intensified depressive symptoms in older populations. Bearing in mind that depression is often unrecognized or underdiagnosed among older patients, lowered muscle strength should be an important sign for physicians and an incentive to screen them for depression.

Identification of clays and Fe oxide minerals rich alteration zones using a Landsat 8 image of Pu Sam Cap area, Lai Chau

The hydrothermal alteration zones are the important sign for mineral exploration and can be identified by remote sensing images completely, but this is limited due to the effect of vegetable. We address this problem by a method called “Directed Principal Component Analysis” (DPCA) that involves calculating principal components on two input band ratio images. One ratio is a geological discriminant, confused by the presence of vegetation; the second ratio is chosen for its suitability as a vegetation index. DPCA applied on Landsat 8 image in Pu Sam Cap area, Lai Châu characteristied by argilic alteration, sericite alteration, etc., with the typical minerals like kaolinite, illite, etc., and pyrite, chalcopyrite, magnetite; specularite, etc., The results have identified Fe - rich zones in Bai Bang and Nam Tra areas; clay minerals are concentrated mainly in Nam Tra area and along the main faults. The results are also compared with previous research data and fieldtrip data that shows similarity and feasibility. This paper indicated limitation of Landsat image such as spatial resolution, spectral resolution, etc., when applied in the tropical area.

PATHOMORPHOLOGY OF THE MYOCARDIAL IN CEREBRAL FORM OF ACUTE RADIATION DISEASE MORPHOLOGICAL

Экспериментально, используя гистологические, гистохимические и гистоферментохимические методики при облучении крыс, собак и обезьян в дозах 100-300 Грей установлено, что в организме облученного животного развивается острая лучевая миокардиопатия, в виде сосудистых расстройств (венозное полнокровие, сладж-феномен, стаз, склеивание эритроцитов в капиллярах в «монетные столбики») и мелкоочаговых повреждения кардиомиоцитов типа контрактур. Эти изменения миокарда необходимо расценить не как видовую особенность, а как проявление лучевого заболевания, свойственное, по-видимому, многим видам животных. По крайней мере, у трёх исследованных нами видов животных можно было наблюдать во многом сходную реакцию. Следует подчеркнуть, что контрактуры миокарда лежат в основе ослабления сократительной функции миокарда и являются важным признаком острой сердечной недостаточности. Генез этих патологических изменений можно связать с влиянием целого комплекса биологически активных веществ и, прежде всего, биогенных аминов, особенно на фоне снижения активности систем, участвующих в их ингибировании. Полученные экспериментальные данные о патологии миокарда при облучении в сверхлетальных дозах в значительной степени совпадают с таковыми и у лиц, погибших после аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС. Таким образом, при терапии и медицинской реабилитации, пострадавших от поражений ионизирующей радиации представляется целесообразным учитывать и корригировать сдвиги, наблюдаемые как со стороны сердечно-сосудистой, так и нейроэндокринной систем Experimentally, using histological, histochemical and histo-fermentochemical techniques when irradiating rats, dogs and monkeys at doses of 100-300 Gray, it was found that acute radiation myocardiopathy develops in the body of an irradiated animal in the form of vascular disorders (venous plethora, sludge phenomenon, stasis, erythrocyte aggregation). in capillaries in "coin columns") and small-focal damage to cardiomyocytes such as contractures. Changes in the myocardium should be regarded not as a specific feature, but as a manifestation of radiation sickness, which is apparently characteristic of many animal species. In at least three of the animal species we studied, a largely similar reaction could be observed. It should be emphasized that myocardial contractures underlie the weakening of myocardial contractile function and are an important sign of acute heart failure. The genesis of these pathological changes can be associated with the influence of a whole complex of biologically active substances and, above all, biogenic amines, especially against the background of a decrease in the activity of the systems involved in their inhibition. The experimental data obtained on the pathology of the myocardium during irradiation in super-lethal doses largely coincide with those in persons who died after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Thus, in the course of therapy and medical rehabilitation of those affected by the lesions of ionizing radiation, it seems appropriate to take into account and correct the shifts observed both from the cardiovascular and neuroendocrine systems

Cancer Cell Growth: - A Mini-Review Part-4: First threat (atherosclerotic lesions)

The first 3 issues about cancer cells have been tried to explain -in the author papers- how the cells grow by using more energy in the tissue or organ compared to other cells, with the justification of scientific sources. The 4th series of articles will include detailed determinations about the initial threat of a cell growing in an organ or tissue to the organ or tissue by multiplying more than other cells. When a cell proliferates to a sufficient number of cells as mentioned in previous chapters, it begins to make its first threat. It fulfills this cell threat by expressing more than 100 disease forms within the organ. This is a phenomenon that occurs in all living cells. This was even seen in the most primitive invertebrates such as Mollusca and Arthropoda. Examinations of dinosaurs living 100 million years ago revealed the presence of neoplasms. Traces of the above constriction have been found in the cell work done on a 100,000-year-old human fossil. The most important sign of the first threat is phenotypic and genetic change. It creates the impression that it is threatened by a bacterial colony relative to other cells. These cells MIMIC the survival behavior and resistance of unicellular organisms that lived in the same ancient times.

Philosophical Aspect of Thinking

The article examines the features and significance of philosophical thinking, understanding its content. The focusing on the fact that the love of wisdom without thinking would not be possible.The purpose: to understand the philosophical aspect of thinking.The relevance of the article is that on the basis of interpretation of the concept of "thinking" by representatives of various philosophical systems, understand the general essence and significance of philosophical thinking.The results. To date, it became very difficult to understand the essence of the thinking of ancient philosophers, even reading hundreds of their treatises. The reason for this is primarily translation of the original sources. It is necessary to understand that translators, in the first place, are guided by the recruitment of a successful vocabulary and connectivity of the language, neglecting the fact that the language of any thinker – this is its own thinking, the true depth and essence of which is lost in any translation of the original.In general, the problem of thinking has always been the center of attention of many philosophers. In particular, the essence and meaning of thinking studied Parmenide, Socrates, Aristotle, R. Descartes, I. Kant, G. Hegel and many other representatives of the philosophical thought of various epochs. Аll academic philosophers of the Western world converge on the fact that thinking is the most important sign of human being. By neglecting thinking, we will ignore the most important feature of man. After all, only a man who thinks can fully create his life. The same, for whom thinking is not characteristic – just exist, like the world of animals or plants. Therefore, the ability to evaluate reality, and not only to perceive it, appears a huge advantage of human intelligence, a guarantee of human desire to develop, to self-improvement.Conclusions. It is established that translating views of thinkers or interpretation of passages from their treatises is far from philosophical thinking. Philosophical thinking, to a greater extent, is thinking about thinking than thinking about some reality. This is due to the fact that philosophy tries to comprehend the partial phenomena, but a situation of human being in the world, taking into account the ability of a person to think and aware. It has been found that the main goal of thinking is to achieve the obvious and clear by formulating certain definitions (concepts) that make up the boundary of thinking and not allowed to move in a circle. Thus, philosophical thinking arises internally associated, logically consistent, and hence-argued and justified at the same time.

Torticollis in a 7-year-old child: an alarming sign not to be turned away

Acquired torticollis is not a separate disease rather a warning sign of an underlying disorder. The etiology of torticollis in children is quite wide. Hematogenous osteomyelitis of the first cervical vertebra (the atlas) is an extremely rare and potentially dangerous pathology. The aim is to acquaint physicians of different specialties with an extremely rare condition – acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of the atlas. Case Report. A case of osteomyelitis of the first cervical vertebra in a 7-year-old boy is presented. An important sign of the disease is torticollis. Conclusions. Hematogenous osteomyelitis of the atlas is an extremely rare and potentially dangerous pathology. Regardless of its incidence, it must be considered when examining a child with acquired wryneck. All the ENT specialists must possess the knowledge of this disease, as they are most likely the first doctors to see such a child. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: torticollis, osteomyelitis of the atlas, C1 osteomyelitis, vertebral osteomyelitis, children.