Bio-hybrid dental implants prepared using stem cells with β-TCP-coated titanium and zirconia

Titanium dental implants are used routinely, with surgical procedure, to replace missing teeth. Even though they lead to satisfactory results, novel developments with implant materials can still improve implant treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of porous tantalum (Ta) dental implants for osseointegration, in comparison to classical titanium (Ti). Mesenchymal stem cells from the dental pulp (DPSC) were incubated on Ta, smooth titanium (STi), and rough titanium (RTi) to assess their adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralized matrix production. Cell proliferation was measured at 4 h, 24 h, 48 h with MTT test. Early osteogenic differentiation was followed after 4, 8, 12 days by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) quantification. Cells organization and matrix microstructure were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Collagen production and matrix mineralization were evaluated by immunostaining and histological staining. MTT test showed significantly higher proliferation of DPSC on Ta at 24 h and 48 h. However, APL quantification after 8 and 12 days was significantly lower for Ta, revealing a delayed differentiation, where cells were proliferating the more. After 3 weeks, collagen immunostaining showed an efficient production of collagen on all samples. However, Red Alizarin staining clearly revealed a higher calcification on Ta. The overall results tend to demonstrate that DPSC differentiation is delayed on Ta surface, due to a longer proliferation period until cells cover the 3D porous Ta structure. However, after 3 weeks, a more abundant mineralized matrix is produced on and inside Ta implants. Cell populations on porous Ta proliferate greater and faster, leading to the production of more calcium phosphate deposits than cells on roughened and smooth titanium surfaces, revealing a potential enhanced capacity for osseointegration.

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Bone Regeneration of Blood-derived Stem Cells within Dental Implants

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034515590368 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 94 (9) ◽

pp. 1318-1325 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R.C. Zheng ◽

Y.K. Park ◽

S.K. Kim ◽

J. Cho ◽

S.J. Heo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Dental Implants

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Experimental Formation of Periodontal Structure Around Titanium Implants Utilizing Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Pilot Study

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/1548-1336-35.3.106 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 106-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Mona K. Marei ◽

Manal M. Saad ◽

Adham M. El-Ashwah ◽

Rania M. El-Backly ◽

Mohammed A. Al-Khodary

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Autogenous Bone ◽

Periodontal Tissue ◽

Periodontal Tissue Regeneration ◽

Experimental Side

Abstract Tissue engineering in the head and neck area, presents numerous advantages. One of the most remarkable advantages is that regeneration of only a small amount of tissue can be highly beneficial to the patient, particularly in the field of periodontal tissue regeneration. For decades, successful osseointegration has provided thousands of restorations that maintain normal function. With the increasing need to utilize dental implants for growing patients and enhance their function to simulate normal tooth physiology and proprioception, there appears to be an urgent need for the concept of periodontal tissue regeneration around dental implants. In the present work, 5 goats were used for immediate implant placement post canine teeth extraction. Each goat received 2 implant fixtures; the control side received a porous hollow root-form poly (DL-Lactide-co-Glycolide) scaffold around the titanium fixture, and the experimental side received the same scaffold but seeded with autogenous bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells. One animal was killed 10 days postoperatively, and the others were killed after 1 month. The results showed that on the experimental side, periodontal-like tissue with newly formed bone was demonstrated both at 10 days and after 1 month, while the control specimens showed early signs of connective tissue regeneration around the titanium fixture at 10 days, but was not shown in the 1 month specimens. It can be concluded that undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells were capable of differentiating to provide the 3 critical tissues required for periodontal tissue regeneration: cementum, bone, and periodontal ligament. This work may provide a new approach for periodontal tissue regeneration.

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Simultaneous implant placement and bone regeneration around dental implants using tissue-engineered bone with fibrin glue, mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma

Clinical Oral Implants Research ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0501.2006.01246.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 579-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

Kenji Ito ◽

Yoichi Yamada ◽

Takahito Naiki ◽

Minoru Ueda

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Fibrin Glue ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Implant Placement

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Role of Stem Cells in Augmenting Dental Implant Osseointegration: A Systematic Review

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11091035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1035

Author(s):

Mohammed E. Sayed ◽

Maryam H. Mugri ◽

Mazen A. Almasri ◽

Manea Musa Al-Ahmari ◽

Shilpa Bhandi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Mesenchymal Cells ◽

Graft Material ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Oral Rehabilitation

Dental implants are a widely used treatment modality for oral rehabilitation. Implant failures can be a result of many factors, with poor osseointegration being the main culprit. The present systematic review aimed to assess the effect of stem cells on the osseointegration of dental implants. An electronic search of the MEDLINE, LILACS, and EMBASE databases was conducted. We examined quantitative preclinical studies that reported on the effect of mesenchymal stem cells on bone healing after implant insertion. Eighteen studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. Various surface modification strategies, sites of placement, and cell origins were analyzed. The majority of the selected studies showed a high risk of bias, indicating that caution must be exercised in their interpretation. All the included studies reported that the stem cells used with graft material and scaffolds promoted osseointegration with higher levels of new bone formation. The mesenchymal cells attached to the implant surface facilitated the expression of bio-functionalized biomaterial surfaces, to boost bone formation and osseointegration at the bone–implant interfaces. There was a promotion of osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal cells and osseointegration of biomaterial implants, both in vitro and in vivo. These results highlight the significance of biomodified implant surfaces that can enhance osseointegration. These innovations can improve the stability and success rate of the implants used for oral rehabilitation.

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Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Response to Titanium Implant Surface: Extracellular Matrix Deposition

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10090931 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 931

Author(s):

Guya Diletta Marconi ◽

Luigia Fonticoli ◽

Ylenia Della Della Rocca ◽

Thangavelu Soundara Rajan ◽

Adriano Piattelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Dental Implant ◽

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽

Matrix Deposition ◽

Dental Implant Surface ◽

The Impact

The major challenge for dentistry is to provide the patient an oral rehabilitation to maintain healthy bone conditions in order to reduce the time for loading protocols. Advancement in implant surface design is necessary to favour and promote the osseointegration process. The surface features of titanium dental implant can promote a relevant influence on the morphology and differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells, induction of the osteoblastic genes expression and the release of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The present study aimed at evaluating the in vitro effects of two different dental implants with titanium surfaces, TEST and CTRL, to culture the human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Expression of ECM components such as Vimentin, Fibronectin, N-cadherin, Laminin, Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Integrin beta-1 (ITGB1), and the osteogenic related markers, as runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were investigated. Human PDLSCs cultured on the TEST implant surface demonstrated a better cell adhesion capability as observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and immunofluorescence analysis. Moreover, immunofluorescence and Western blot experiments showed an over expression of Fibronectin, Laminin, N-cadherin and RUNX2 in hPDLSCs seeded on TEST implant surface. The gene expression study by RT-PCR validated the results obtained in protein assays and exhibited the expression of RUNX2, ALP, Vimentin (VIM), Fibronectin (FN1), N-cadherin (CDH2), Laminin (LAMB1), FAK and ITGB1 in hPDLSCs seeded on TEST surface compared to the CTRL dental implant surface. Understanding the mechanisms of ECM components release and its regulation are essential for developing novel strategies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Our results demonstrated that the impact of treated surfaces of titanium dental implants might increase and accelerate the ECM apposition and provide the starting point to initiate the osseointegration process.

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Efficacy of autologous stem cells for bone regeneration during endosseous dental implants insertion - A systematic review of human studies

Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research ◽

10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.06.007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 347-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shailesh Varshney ◽

Anshuman Dwivedi ◽

Vibha Pandey

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Human Studies

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Clinical, Histomorphometric and Radiographic Evaluation of Dental Extraction Sockets Treated with Autologous Stem Cells

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v116.21.2398.2398 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 116 (21) ◽

pp. 2398-2398

Author(s):

André Pelegrini ◽

Maria Elvira P Corrêa ◽

Thiago Oliveira ◽

Carmino De Souza ◽

José Francisco Marques

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Tooth Extraction ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Test Group ◽

Autologous Bone Marrow ◽

Control Group ◽

Autologous Bone

Abstract Abstract 2398 Introduction: Autologous bone marrow has mesenchymals stem cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts. Therefore, the use of these cells in bone reconstruction therapy is becaming promising. Purpose: The first aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of autologous bone marrow graft aspirate containing mesenchymal stem cells in preserving the alveolar ridges following tooth extraction. A second aim was to clinically and radiographically evaluate the outcomes of dental implants installed in the healed sockets after one year in function. Methods: 13 healthy patients requiring upper anterior teeth extractions were enrolled in this study. They were randomized into two groups: Test group: 7 patients (n = 15 teeth); Control group: 6 patients (n = 15 teeth). 5 ml of autologous bone marrow from the iliac posterior crest were collected by haematologists immediately before the extractions and it was placed in alveolar sockets right after the teeth extractions in the test group. Nothing was grafted in the control sites. Following tooth extraction and evaluation of a buccal full-thickness flap, titanium screws were positioned throughout the buccal to the palatal plate and were used as reference points for measuring purposes. After 6 months, the sites were re-opened and bone loss measurements for thickness and height were taken. Additionally, prior to implant placement, bone cores were harvested and prepared for histologic and histomorphometric evaluation. Data of clinical probing and radiographic analysis were done in all sites after 1 year of follow up. Results: The test group had better results in preserving alveolar ridges for thickness showing 1.14+0.87mm of bone loss compared with the control group that showed 2.46+0.4mm (P<0.05). The test group showed also a less height of bone loss on the buccal plate, 0.62+0.51 and 1.17+0.26mm, respectively (P<0.05). Complimentary procedures were required before install the implants in five sites in the control group, but not, in the test group. The histomorphometric analysis showed similar amounts of mineralized bone in both control and test groups, 42.87+11.33% and 45.47+7.21% respectively (P>0,05). The results of 1 year clinical probing follow-up showed deeper probing depths around the control group dental implants when compared to the test group, 4.45+1.58mm and 3.78+1.58mm, respectively (P< 0,05). Radiographic analysis showed more marginal bone level loss in the control group when compared to test group, 3.44+3.39mm and 1.05+0.9mm, respectively (P<0,05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the autologous bone marrow graft can contribute to alveolar bone repair after tooth extraction and can also minimize the dental implants attachment loss. This study indicate that the participation of mesenchymal stem cell in the alveolar bone healing should be better understanding to explain this process of repairement. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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