scholarly journals Role of Stem Cells in Augmenting Dental Implant Osseointegration: A Systematic Review

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Mohammed E. Sayed ◽  
Maryam H. Mugri ◽  
Mazen A. Almasri ◽  
Manea Musa Al-Ahmari ◽  
Shilpa Bhandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Oral Rehabilitation

Dental implants are a widely used treatment modality for oral rehabilitation. Implant failures can be a result of many factors, with poor osseointegration being the main culprit. The present systematic review aimed to assess the effect of stem cells on the osseointegration of dental implants. An electronic search of the MEDLINE, LILACS, and EMBASE databases was conducted. We examined quantitative preclinical studies that reported on the effect of mesenchymal stem cells on bone healing after implant insertion. Eighteen studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. Various surface modification strategies, sites of placement, and cell origins were analyzed. The majority of the selected studies showed a high risk of bias, indicating that caution must be exercised in their interpretation. All the included studies reported that the stem cells used with graft material and scaffolds promoted osseointegration with higher levels of new bone formation. The mesenchymal cells attached to the implant surface facilitated the expression of bio-functionalized biomaterial surfaces, to boost bone formation and osseointegration at the bone–implant interfaces. There was a promotion of osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal cells and osseointegration of biomaterial implants, both in vitro and in vivo. These results highlight the significance of biomodified implant surfaces that can enhance osseointegration. These innovations can improve the stability and success rate of the implants used for oral rehabilitation.

Zirconia Biocompatibility in Animal Studies - A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 376 ◽  
pp. 12-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanda Mihaela Popescu ◽  
Horia Octavian Manolea ◽  
Oana Andreea Diaconu ◽  
Veronica Mercuţ ◽  
Monica Scrieciu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Powder Injection ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Abstract Screening

Zirconia is a metal used in dental implantology. Its biocompatibility was studied in vitro and in vivo, results of the studies being analyzed in reviews and meta analyses. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate biocompatibility of zirconia in animal studies in vivo expressed as results of histomorphometric tests. Databases were searched from 1980 until February 2016, with different combination of the following MeSH terms: zirconium, biocompatibility, dental implants, in vivo, animal studies. Letters to the editors, case reports, commentaries, review articles and articles published in other languages then English were excluded. The search of PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases yielded 690 titles. After abstract screening and duplicate discarding 50 articles were identified and finally, 40 were included in the review. Most of the studies compared zirconia with titanium, a well established material for dental implants. In majority of the studies zirconia showed a similar osseointegration with titanium. Surface implant treatments, like sandblasted and etched zirconia (ZrO2-SLA), alumina toughed zirconia (ATZ), and powder injection molding (PIM) were used to improve osseointegration of zirconia with good results. In the light of histomorphometric test, zirconia, no matter physical and structural forms tested, is a biocompatible material.

scholarly journals Canonical Wnts function as potent regulators of osteogenesis by human mesenchymal stem cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guizhong Liu ◽  
Sapna Vijayakumar ◽  
Luca Grumolato ◽  
Randy Arroyave ◽  
HuiFang Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Bone Homeostasis

Genetic evidence indicates that Wnt signaling is critically involved in bone homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the functions of canonical Wnts on differentiation of adult multipotent human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro and in vivo. We observe differential sensitivities of hMSCs to Wnt inhibition of osteogenesis versus adipogenesis, which favors osteoblastic commitment under binary in vitro differentiation conditions. Wnt inhibition of osteogenesis is associated with decreased expression of osteoblastic transcription factors and inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, which are involved in osteogenic differentiation. An hMSC subpopulation exhibits high endogenous Wnt signaling, the inhibition of which enhances osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in vitro. In an in vivo bone formation model, high levels of Wnt signaling inhibit de novo bone formation by hMSCs. However, hMSCs with exogenous expression of Wnt1 but not stabilized β-catenin markedly stimulate bone formation by naive hMSCs, arguing for an important role of a canonical Wnt gradient in hMSC osteogenesis in vivo.

4:51146. Nell-1 Induces Osteoblastic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Cells In Vitro and Bone Formation In Vivo

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 74S
Author(s):  
Tara Aghaloo ◽  
Xinquan Jiang ◽  
Xinli Zhang ◽  
Zhang Zhiyuang ◽  
Jeffrey C. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Cells

Prospective In Vivo Identification of Osteogenic Stem/Progenitor Cells from Bone Marrow-Derived Lin−/Sca-1+/CD45− Cells.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1409-1409
Author(s):  
Zhuo Wang ◽  
Junghun Jung ◽  
Magdalena Kucia ◽  
Junhui Song ◽  
Yusuke Shiozawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Mineralized Tissue

Abstract We previously developed an in vivo prospective assay for identification of non-cultured cells with MSC potential. Using this assay we identified a population of cells that were slowly cycling and of low density that were capable of multilineage differentiation both in vitro and in vivo (Z. Wang et al, Stem Cells. 2006 24(6):1573). Further characterization of these cells suggested that they resemble a homogenous population of rare Lin−/Sca-1+/CD45− cells that have the morphology and express several markers of undifferentiated embryonic-like stem cells. In vitro the Lin−/Sca-1+/CD45− cells may differentiate into cells from all three germ-layers (M. Kucia et al, Leukemia. 2007 21(2):297). To determine the in vivo fate of this population, we transplanted 500 or 5,000 Lin−/Sca-1+/CD45− cells from a GFP mouse into SCID mice in each group (n=3) immediately after cell sorting to evaluate tissue generation in vivo. At 4 weeks the regenerative potential of these populations was evaluated by micro-CT and histology, and cells were tracked by gross examination of the harvested tissues by fluorescent microscopy. The results showed that a large number of GFP+ cells are located in the implants, indicating that the transplanted cells maintain the ability to contribute to the generation of new tissue. Bone-like tissue was observed in the Lin−/Sca-1+/CD45− group with as low as 500-cells/implant, while 5,000 Lin−/Sca-1+/CD45− cells generated significantly larger mineralized tissue volume, which was confirmed by micro-CT. Lin−/Sca-1+/CD45+ cell only implantation did not form any mineralized tissue, however, while mixed with 2x106 whole bone morrow cells, positive mineralized tissue occurred. Whole bone marrow mixture also improve bone formation in Lin−/Sca-1+/CD45− cell implants compared the actual bone volumes measured by micro-CT. This study demonstrates that non-cultured BM-derived Lin−/Sca-1+/CD45− cells exhibit the capacity to form bone in vivo with as low as 500 cells/implant. Whole bone marrow mixtures can enhance the bone formation, presumably through the interaction of other populations cells. Based on these findings, it is proposed that non-cultured BM-derived Lin−/Sca-1+/CD45− cells are enriched osteogenic cells that can be applied to bone regeneration in vivo.

Titanium Surface Modification Techniques for Implant Fabrication – From Microscale to the Nanoscale

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Subramani
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Contact Ratio ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Surface Modification Techniques

This manuscript reviews about titanium surface modification techniques for its application in orthopaedic and dental implants. There are a few limitations in the long term prognosis of orthopaedic and dental implants. Poor osseointegration with bone, periimplant infection leading to implant failure and short term longevity demanding revision surgery, are to mention a few. Micro- and nanoscale modification of titanium surface using physicochemical, morphological and biochemical approaches have resulted in higher bone to implant contact ratio and improved osseointegration. With recent advances in micro, nano-fabrication techniques and multidisciplinary research studies focusing on bridging biomaterials for medical applications, TiO2 nanotubes have been extensively studied for implant applications. The need for titanium implant surface that can closely mimic the nanoscale architecture of human bone has become a priority. For such purpose, TiO2 nanotubes of different dimensions and architectural fashions at the nanoscale level are being evaluated. This manuscript discusses in brief about the in-vitro and in-vivo studies on titanium surface modification techniques. This manuscript also addresses the recent studies done on such nanotubular surfaces for the effective delivery of osteoinductive growth factors and anti bacterial/ anti inflammatory drugs to promote osseointegration and prevent peri-implant infection.

scholarly journals Defining surfaces : Implant topography – a review (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Satheesh Kumar ◽  
Vyoma Venkatesh Grandhi ◽  
Vrinda Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Research Publications ◽  
Bone To Implant Contact ◽  
Titanium Dental Implants

BACKGROUND . A variety of claims are made regarding the effects of surface topography on implant osseointegration. The development of implant surfaces topography has been empirical, requiring numerous in vitro and in vivo tests. Most of these tests were not standardized, using different surfaces, cell populations or animal models. The exact role of surface chemistry and topography on the early events of the osseointegration of dental implants remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This review considers the major claims made concerning the effects of titanium implant surface topography on osseointegration. The osseointegration rate of titanium dental implants is related to their composition and surface roughness. The different methods used for increasing surface roughness or applying osteoconductive coatings to titanium dental implants are reviewed. Important findings of consensus are highlighted, and existing controversies are revealed. METHODS This review considers many of the research publications listed in MEDLINE and presented in biomedical research publications and textbooks. Surface treatments, such as titanium plasma-spraying, grit-blasting acid-etching,alkaline etching, anodization,polymer demixing ,sol gel conversion and their corresponding surface morphologies and properties are described. RESULTS Many in vitro evaluations are not predictive of or correlated with in vivo outcomes. In some culture models, increased surface topography positively affects pro-osteogenic cellular activities. Many studies reveal increase in bone-to-implant contact,with increased surface topography modifications on implant surfaces. CONCLUSIONS Increased implant surface topography improves the bone-to-implant contact and the mechanical properties of the enhanced interface.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Chondrogenesis in Hypoxic Precondition Culture: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
pp. 492-504
Author(s):  
Sholahuddin Rhatomy ◽  
Riky Setyawan ◽  
Michael Aaron Romulo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Hypoxic Precondition ◽  
Online Library

BACKGROUND: Cartilage tear has begun to be treated with stem cells. However, stem cell oxygen level culture has not been evaluated for the best environment to enhance chondrogenesis. AIM: The purpose of this review is to focus on the hypoxic oxygen level of stem cells culture as a treatment for cartilage tear. METHODS: A literature search was systemically conducted on PubMed (MEDLINE), OVID, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar, and bibliography of selected articles with the terms (“culture”) AND (“stem cell” OR “mesenchymal stem cell” OR “MSC”) AND (“hypoxic” OR “hypoxia”) AND (“cartilage” OR “chondro*”) as the main keywords. A total of 438 articles were reviewed. Thirty-six articles were considered relevant for this systematic review. RESULTS: The result of this review supports stimulation effects of hypoxic oxygen level stem cell culture in chondrogenesis process. Most studies used 5% oxygen concentration for culture, both of in vivo and in vitro studies. Due to the heterogeneity nature of the included studies, meta-analysis was unable to be conducted. CONCLUSION: Hypoxia state seems to play an important role in chondrocytes proliferation, differentiation, and matrix production.

Activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway in human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro results in robust bone formation in vivo

Bone ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. S30
Author(s):  
R. Siddappa ◽  
J. Doorn ◽  
A. Leusink ◽  
C. van Blitterswijk ◽  
J. de Boer
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Pka Pathway

scholarly journals BMPER Enhances Bone Formation by Promoting the Osteogenesis-Angiogenesis Coupling Process in Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1927-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xiao ◽  
Chuandong Wang ◽  
Chenglong Wang ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Xiaoling Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Ectopic Bone Formation ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Coupling Process ◽  
Ectopic Bone

Background/Aims: During bone repair and remodeling, osteogenesis is coupled with angiogenesis. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists are important modulators of BMP signaling and bone homeostasis. Several investigations have demonstrated that one ‘BMP antagonist’, BMP-binding endothelial cell precursor-derived regulator (BMPER), participates in the regulation of BMP signaling. In this study, we examined the role of BMPER in the osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling process. Methods: Human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used in this experiment. After overexpressing or silencing BMPER with lentiviruses or siRNA, hBMSCs were stimulated by BMP-2, and osteogenic differentiation activity was detected by alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining. VEGF and endostatin release were assessed by ELISA. HUVEC migration was detected by the cell scratch test and transwell migration assay, and in vitro angiogenesis was determined by the tube formation assay. Bone formation was assessed using in vivo femoral monocortical defect and ectopic bone formation models. Results: BMP-2 upregulated BMPER expression. Overexpression of BMPER remarkably enhanced BMP-2-induced osteogenic differentiation, while suppression of BMPER effectively inhibited this process both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, overexpression of BMPER promoted BMP-2-induced VEGF expression in vitro and vascularization in the ectopic bone formation model. Conclusion: BMPER functions as a positive regulator of the osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling process in hBMSCs, suggesting a novel therapeutic role of BMPER in the regenerative capacity of bone repair.

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