scholarly journals The Macroeconomic Effects of Structural Reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (195) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio David ◽  
Takuji Komatsuzaki ◽  
Samuel Pienknagura
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Macroeconomic Effects ◽  
Method Point

This paper estimates the macroeconomic effects of structural reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) using the dataset constructed by Alesina et al. (2020). We find that large changes in the reform index have positive effects on GDP and employment that reach 2 percent after 5 years. Furthermore, reforms boost investment, exports, imports, and reduce export concentration, in addition to favoring tradable sectors. Nonetheless, the results also indicate that the effects of reforms have not been uniform across different segments of the population. These findings bring to the forefront the need to consider accompanying policies to ensure that reforms promote inclusive growth. Moreover, evidence from country case studies using the synthetic control method point to heterogeneous effects of reforms on income per capita.

A complementary product of a nearby ski lift company

2020 ◽  
pp. 135481662096832
Author(s):  
Hannes Wallimann
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Winter Sports ◽  
Value Network ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overnight Stays

The availability of attractive complementary products offered by a nearby company positively affects other companies in the value network of a winter sports destination. We aim to illustrate empirically the positive effects of the campaign of a local ski lift company in Switzerland on other companies in the same value network. For the first time in tourism research, the synthetic control method is used to investigate the impact of a new pricing strategy. In this case, the company’s practice of radically discounting the prices of its seasonal lift passes had a positive impact on accommodation businesses in the same winter sports destination. The impact amounts to about 35% additional overnight stays by domestic tourists per winter season that is a seasonal increase of 32,000 overnight stays. However, the ski lift company concluded that the campaign had been unsuccessful. We therefore discuss the difficulties of such a new pricing strategy and emphasize the importance of cooperation between independent companies in the wider destination area.

scholarly journals Comparative politics and causal evaluation of structural reforms: the case of the UK national minimum wage introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-314
Author(s):  
Thomas König ◽  
Guido Ropers ◽  
Anika Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Similar Treatment

AbstractIn comparative studies, causal evaluations attempt to improve our understanding of the effectiveness of structural reforms by counterfactually inspecting post-treatment effects. Yet, even if comparative scholars find similar treatment and comparison units, the interpretation of the post-treatment trajectory is difficult as short-term estimates can be subject to strategic timing of reform implementation, while long-term effects are likely affected by further interventions. To illustrate these difficulties we apply the generalized synthetic control method to evaluate the introduction of a British national minimum wage. We find a short-term decreasing effect on youth unemployment that turns into an increasing effect over time. This suggests the presence of an upward biased selection effect from strategic timing. We also inspect two post-treatment interventions and find that they differ in their general and country-specific implications for the long-term trajectory.

scholarly journals Skipping the doctor: evidence from a case with extended self-certification of paid sick leave

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Ferman ◽  
Gaute Torsvik ◽  
Kjell Vaage
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Standard Difference ◽  
Sickness Benefits ◽  
The Right ◽  
Absence From Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of a policy reform in a municipality in Norway that extended to workers the right to self-certify sickness absence from work. After the reform, workers were no longer obliged to obtain a certificate from a physician to receive sickness benefits. They could call in sick directly to their line leader and had to engage in a counselling program organized by the employer. To estimate the effect of this reform, we contrast the change in sickness absence among employees who were granted the extended right to self-certify absence with absence among employees who had to obtain a physician’s certificate to be entitled to sickness benefits. We use both a standard difference-in-differences method and the synthetic control method to estimate the effect of the reform. We can rule out large positive effects on absence after the reform, with strong evidence that the policy change actually resulted in a reduction in absence for female workers.

The Economic Impact of State Splitting in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Carvalho de Andrade Lima
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Synthetic Control Method ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Fiscal Capacity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
State Splitting ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe Brazilian state of Tocantins was splinted from the state of Goiás in 1988. This was the most recent first-tier subnational border reform in Brazil and involved an area that corresponds to 7.6% of the whole national territory. Using the synthetic control method, this paper estimates that the split increased the per capita GDP of the affected region by an average of 8.26%, and the positive effect persisted over the years. Additionally, we show that the Tocantins benefited more from the border reform than Goiás, and the increase of fiscal capacity of affected subnational governments may partially explain the positive effects of splitting.

scholarly journals Evaluating the macroeconomic ımpacts of IMF programmes in Latin America, 1975-2004: a GEE analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-202
Author(s):  
Ilhan Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Current Account ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Macroeconomic Impacts ◽  
Macroeconomic Effects ◽  
Per Capita

Using panel data for 21 Latin Americancountries over the period 1975–2004, this paper analyzes macroeconomic effects of IMF programmes by using GEE methodology. In line with the results of previous studies, it is shown that these programmes have positive effects on the balance of payments, current account and investment. However, they negatively affect budget deficit, per capita GDP, FDI, inflation and consumption.

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