TEFL in the Postmethod Era

This study aims to review the implementation of steps in teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) from a post-method point of view. The research is an analytical study using a literature review approach to describe the results and to draw conclusions. The results of the literature analysis show that basically there is no fundamental theoretical difference between the method and post-method. Regarding the implementation of teaching English from the post - method point of view, there is no fundamental difference found on the steps of teaching English in methods that existed before the era of post-method. Therefore, the energy of debate between proponents of method and post-method can be directed to find the best and appropriate steps in teaching English to students.

Nutritional Inadequacy: Unraveling the Methodological Challenges for the Application of the Probability Approach or the EAR Cut-Point Method—A Pregnancy Perspective

The aim of this study was to unravel the methodological challenges when exploring nutritional inadequacy, involving 608 healthy pregnant women. The usual intake of twenty-one nutrients was recorded by employing a validated FFQ. Simulated datasets of usual intake were generated, with randomly imposed uncertainty. The comparison between the usual intake and the EAR was accomplished with the probability approach and the EAR cut-point method. Point estimates were accompanied by bootstrap confidence intervals. Bootstrap intervals applied on the risk of inadequacy for raw and simulated data tended in most cases to overlap. A detailed statistical analysis, aiming to predict the level of inadequacy, as well as the application of the EAR cut-point method, along with bootstrap intervals, could effectively be used to assess nutrient inadequacy. However, the final decision for the method used depends on the distribution of nutrient-intake under evaluation. Irrespective of the applied methodology, moderate to high levels of inadequacy, calculated from FFQ were identified for certain nutrients (e.g. vitamins C, B6, magnesium, vitamin A), while the highest were recorded for folate and iron. Considering that micronutrient-poor, obesogenic diets are becoming more common, the underlying rationale may help towards unraveling the complexity characterizing nutritional inadequacies, especially in vulnerable populations.

ROADSIDE TREE EXTRACTION AND DIAMETER ESTIMATION WITH MMS LIDAR BY USING POINT-CLOUD IMAGE

Efficient management of roadside trees for local governments is important. Mobile Mapping System (MMS) equipped with a high-density LiDAR scanner has the possibility to be applied to estimate DBH of roadside trees using point clouds. In this study, we propose a method for detecting roadside trees and estimating their DBHs automatically from MMS point clouds. In our method, point clouds captured using the MMS are mapped on a 2D image plane, and they are converted into a wireframe model by connecting adjacent points. Then, geometric features are calculated for each point in the wireframe model. Tree points are detected using a machine learning technique. The DBH of each tree is calculated using vertically aligned circles extracted from the wireframe model. Our method allows robustly calculating the DBH even if there is a hump at breast height. We evaluated our method using actual MMS data measured in an urban area in Tokyo. Our method achieved a high extraction performance of 100 percent of precision and 95.1 percent of recall for 102 roadside trees. The average accuracy of the DBH was 2.0 cm. These results indicate that our method is useful for the efficient management of roadside trees.

Extraction of Guardrails from MMS Data Using Convolutional Neural Network

Mobile mapping systems can capture point clouds and digital images of roadside objects. Such data are useful for maintenance, asset management, and 3D map creation. In this paper, we discuss methods for extracting guardrails that separate roadways and walkways. Since there are various shape patterns for guardrails in Japan, flexible methods are required for extracting them. We propose a new extraction method based on point processing and a convolutional neural network (CNN). In our method, point clouds and images are segmented into small fragments, and their features are extracted using CNNs for images and point clouds. Then, features from images and point clouds are combined and investigated using whether they are guardrails or not. Based on our experiments, our method could extract guardrails from point clouds with a high success rate.

STUDY TO COMPARE THE CORRELATION BETWEEN MOKSHIT DIGITAL HEMOGLOBINOMETER AND KT6400 HEMATOLOGY ANALYZER FOR HEMOGLOBIN MEASUREMENT

Anemia is a major health concern in India since many decades and is continue to rise. Therefore, Hemoglobin measurement is performed in various Pathology labs, Hospitals, Blood Banks etc. to detect Technology. Different method are used for Hemoglobin measurement like Automated Hematology Analyzer, copper sulphate gravimetric method, Hemoglobin colour scale, HICN method, point of care Hemoglobin meter etc.

Investigating the most important aspect of elite grass court tennis: Short points

Research has shown that short points (points of 0–4 shots) are crucial in determining the outcome of elite men’s and women’s grass court tennis matches. However, research has not explored the importance of short points in more detail to inform practice design. This study aimed to establish the prevalence and importance of individual rally lengths within short points (i.e. points of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 shots) in terms of winning elite grass court tennis matches. Using the recently-validated PWOL ( Percentage of matches in which the Winner Outscored the Loser) method, point-level data from 211 men’s and 209 women’s Wimbledon singles matches between 2015 and 2017 were analysed, with short points stratified into individual rally lengths. Results revealed that 1 shot (aces and missed serve-returns) was the most common rally length, with 0 shots (double faults) the least common. Points won of 1 shot, 2 shots and 4 shots were associated with winning matches and can therefore be considered important, but points won of 0 shots and 3 shots were not associated with match outcome. These results highlight the importance of serving and returning strategies at Wimbledon, and indicate that serves and serve-returns should be afforded focus during grass court training. However, the findings appear to contravene anecdotal assertions that ‘serve plus one’ strategies ( points won of 3 shots) are crucial in elite tennis, as they did not differentiate winning and losing players; so coaches should consider the associated practice designs and amount of time afforded to such strategies.

Cost-efficient pre-commercial thinning: effects of method and season of early cleaning

This study’s aim was to identify how the application season and the method of early cleaning (EC), the first stage of multistage pre-commercial thinning (PCT), affected the time consumption in EC and in the subsequent second PCT operation. The worktime in EC was recorded in the spring, summer, and autumn in 22 sites, which were either totally cleaned or point cleaned. Later, these sites were measured at the time of the second PCT. Time consumption was estimated in PCT, based on the removal of the sites. The time consumption in EC was 5.3 productive work hours (pwh) ha, 7.3 pwh ha, and 6.2 pwh ha respectively in the spring, summer, and autumn. EC in the spring instead of the summer saved 27–30% of working time, depending on the cleaning method. Point cleaning was 0.8 pwh ha quicker than total cleaning, but the difference was statistically insignificant. The second stage, PCT, was 1 pwh ha slower to conduct in sites which had been early cleaned in the spring instead of the summer. However, at the entire management program level, EC applied in the spring or autumn instead of the summer saved 11% or 5% respectively of the total discounted costs (3% interest rate) of multistage pre-commercial thinning. Today, the commonest time to conduct EC is in the summer, which was the most expensive of the analyzed management alternatives here. We can expect savings in juvenile stand management in forestry throughout boreal conifer forests by rethinking the seasonal workforce allocation.–1–1–1–1–1

On the practice of inquiry learning method in museum children's education

<p>There are outdated ideas in the education of museum children in China<span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Preaching indoctrination</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Similar content</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Lazy in innovation and so on Problem</span>,Difficult to attract children to enter the museum to explore and study.So,This paper puts forward the introduction of inquiry learning method into museums. Advice on child education,Introduce the concept and characteristics of inquiry learning method,The necessity and key of analyzing and practicing inquiry-type learning method Point,Some ideas on the design of inquiry learning content.</p>

The Macroeconomic Effects of Structural Reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean

This paper estimates the macroeconomic effects of structural reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) using the dataset constructed by Alesina et al. (2020). We find that large changes in the reform index have positive effects on GDP and employment that reach 2 percent after 5 years. Furthermore, reforms boost investment, exports, imports, and reduce export concentration, in addition to favoring tradable sectors. Nonetheless, the results also indicate that the effects of reforms have not been uniform across different segments of the population. These findings bring to the forefront the need to consider accompanying policies to ensure that reforms promote inclusive growth. Moreover, evidence from country case studies using the synthetic control method point to heterogeneous effects of reforms on income per capita.

Perbandingan Tingkat Stres Mahasiswa Empat Angkatan Program Studi Teknik Industri dengan Metode Skoring dari Health and Safety Executive

Stress can be interpreted as psychological pressure that can cause both physical and mental illness. Stress on students can be anxious or tense that occurs in lectures, work assignments and other academic activities. Stress can influence students in completing their studies. This study aims to determine differences in stress levels between students in 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018 Industrial Engineering Study Program, University of Buana Perjuangan Karawang in 2019. This research method is an observational analytic study with approach cross sectional. Data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to 90 student respondents who were divided proportionally per class by following the Slovin formula used was sampling technique simple random sampling. The. This study used the HSE questionnaire instrument, the data were analyzed statistically with the Independent T-test and Anova, as well as the correlation test with the method Point-biserial Correlation from Pearson and Spearmen's Rho. From the results of this study there are differences in stress levels between students in 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018, where students in 2015 tend to be low stressed by 50.0%, while the classes of 2016, 2017 and 2018 tend to be moderate stress with a percentage of 55,6%; 65.4%; and 64.7%. Sex, age and work status of students do not affect stress levels, and do not have a significant relationship with stress levels.