Original article Loss of genetic material within 1p and 19q chromosomal arms in low grade gliomas of central nervous system

The current WHO classification of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors recognizes four separate tumor grades (I–IV), which can be grouped into low-grade (I and II) or high-grade (III and IV), depending on the absence or presence of high-grade histopathological features, such as microvascular proliferation and necrosis...

Download Full-text

Oncology is changing: the challenge of effectively assessing response within clinical trials in low-grade gliomas

Oncology Reviews ◽

10.4081/oncol.2011.75 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Ilaria Imarisio ◽

Chiara Fumagalli

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Nervous System ◽

Who Classification ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Low Grade Gliomas ◽

Microvascular Proliferation ◽

Grade Iii

The current WHO classification of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors recognizes four separate tumor grades (I–IV), which can be grouped into low-grade (I and II) or high-grade (III and IV), depending on the absence or presence of high-grade histopathological features, such as microvascular proliferation and necrosis...

Download Full-text

Perfusion and permeability MRI in glioma grading

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.1186/s43055-019-0127-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sonay Aydin ◽

Erdem Fatihoğlu ◽

Pınar Nercis Koşar ◽

Elif Ergün

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Perfusion Mri ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Brain Glioma ◽

Grade Group ◽

Low Grade Gliomas ◽

The Central Nervous System

Abstract Background MRI is successful in showing the anatomy of probable pathologies of the central nervous system. Although it may not be sufficient to reveal physiological and metabolic changes, advanced MRI techniques, such as perfusion and permeability MRI, are the key to overcoming these limitations. The aim of this study was to detect the efficacy of permeability and perfusion MRI techniques. Results The study included 38 patients with a pathology result of primary brain glioma. The permeability MRI (Ktrans, Ve), perfusion MRI values (CBV, CBF), and pathology results were evaluated. The high-grade group included 22 patients, and the low-grade group, 16 patients. Mean CBV and CBF, median Ktrans, and Ve values were higher in the high-grade group. All parameters tended to elevate with grade and had a positive correlation. CBV > 2.25, with sensitivity and specificity of 100%, CBF > 2.02, with sensitivity and specificity of 100%, Ktrans > 0.043, with sensitivity of 81.82% and specificity of 100%, and Ve > 0.255, with sensitivity and specificity of 100%, can predict high grade. Conclusion Perfusion and permeability MRI can be used safely for the differentiation of high- and low-grade gliomas and for the prediction of glioma grades.

Download Full-text

International Study on Low-Grade Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

Yearbook of Neurology and Neurosurgery ◽

10.1016/s0513-5117(08)70111-x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 157-158

Author(s):

A. Verma

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽

International Study ◽

Low Grade

Download Full-text

QOL-36. USE OF CANNABINOIDS IN THE PEDIATRIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMOR POPULATION

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.695 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. iii438-iii438

Author(s):

Kathleen Dorris ◽

Jessica Channell ◽

Ashley Mettetal ◽

Molly Hemenway ◽

Natalie Briones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Cell Activity ◽

Cns Tumors ◽

Low Grade ◽

Tumor Type ◽

Central Nervous System Tumor ◽

The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND Cannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are a class of compounds found in marijuana. Numerous studies in adults have examined cannabinoid use in management of cancer-related symptoms such as nausea, anorexia, and pain. Less is known about the use in the pediatric oncology population. METHODS A prospective observational study has been ongoing since 2016 at Children’s Hospital Colorado to evaluate cannabinoids’ impact using PedsQL™ modules on quality of life of pediatric patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors who are 2–18 years old. Laboratory assessments of T-cell activity and pharmacokinetics of CBD, THC and associated metabolites are in process. Diaries with exploratory information on cannabinoid use patterns are being collected. RESULTS Thirty-three patients (14:19; male:female) have been enrolled with a median age of 6.4 years (range, 2.9–17.7 years). The most common tumor type in enrolled patients is embryonal tumors (13/33; 39%). Nine (27%) patients have low-grade glial/glioneuronal tumors, and eight (24%) had high-grade/diffuse midline gliomas. The remaining patients had ependymoma or craniopharyngioma. The median time on cannabinoids is 9 months. Most (n=20) patients have used oral products with CBD and THC. One patient continues on cannabinoid therapy in follow up. Preliminary immune function analyses identified impaired neutrophil superoxide anion production and chemotaxis in patients taking cannabinoids at early time points on therapy. CONCLUSIONS Families of children with various CNS tumors are pursuing cannabinoid therapy for both antitumor and supportive care purposes. Analysis of the impact of cannabinoids on patients’ quality of life is ongoing.

Download Full-text

CASE STUDY ON CIRCUMSCRIBED GLIOMAS, THEIR CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER

10.36106/ijsr/6424584 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 42-45

Author(s):

Esther Alffi Papang ◽

K. Rama

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Biological Behavior ◽

Low Grade ◽

Lower Grade ◽

Who Grade ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Short Period ◽

The Impact

The histogenesis and biological behavior of primary tumors of the central nervous system(CNS) are very diverse. The majority of present gliomas as benign, slow growing lesions classied as by the WHO classicati grade I or II (Low grade gliomas) on of CNS tumors. However, a signicant fraction of gliomas develop over a short period of time and progress rapidly and are therefore classied as WHO grade III or IV(High grade gliomas). Astrocytomas are primary central nervous system tumours that can develop in adults or in children. They arise from the Astrocytes. They can be divided into diffuse that generally have a higher grade and poorer prognosis and those that are localised that tend to be of a lower grade and have a better prognosis. In this study, we outline the basic histological spectrum and features, epidemiological aspects and grade of circumscribed gliomas (localised) or other Astrocytic tumours according to WHO classication . These are the Pilocytic Astrocytoma, Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma, Subependymal giant cell Astrocytoma, Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and Anaplastic astrocytoma . The knowledge of these tumours are important as they are one of the commonest cause of mortality and morbidity in both the young and old, accounting for about 60% of the glial tumours. Therefore neuropathological diagnosis and tumour characteristics will therefore profoundly inuence the impact of treatment strategies.

Download Full-text

Neurobrucellosis mimicking primary vasculitis of the central nervous system: we should perform a metagenomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid prior to brain biopsy

10.5327/1516-3180.422 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marina Barrionuevo Mathias ◽

Fernando Gatti ◽

Gustavo Bruniera ◽

Vitor Paes ◽

Gisele Sampaio Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Brain Biopsy ◽

Metagenomic Analysis ◽

Normal Brain ◽

The Central Nervous System

Context Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is characterized by the inflammation of small and medium CNS arteries; the clinical manifestations include headache, cognitive impairment and focal neurological deficits. The gold standard test for diagnosis is brain biopsy. Neurobrucellosis is an infection associated with cattle farming, which leads to neurological and psychiatric symptoms. We report a case of neurobrucellosis mimicking PACNS. Case report Male, 32 years old, with fever, headache, dizziness and cognitive impairments for 30 days. History of stroke 2 years before, with mild sequelae right hemiparesis; investigation showed suspected intracranial dissection. On physical examination, he had apathy, preserved strength, reduced reflexes with plantar flexor responses. General laboratory tests, autoantibodies and serology were normal. Brain MRI showed deep left nucleocapsular gliosis and cerebral angiography revealed stenosis of the ICA and MCA. CSF showed 42 cells/ mm³, glucose 46 mg/dL, protein 82 mg/dL. Blood PCR was negative for Brucella. Immunophenotyping of the CSF and PET-CT excluded neoplasia. Brain biopsy was inconclusive for vasculitis. Metagenomic analysis of the CSF detected 78% of Brucella genetic material. Serum agglutination test was 1:40 for brucella. Conclusions PACNS is diagnosed by exclusion. The patient filled criteria for possible PACNS, image compatible with vascular stenosis, but inconclusive brain biopsy. Brucellosis is an endemic disease in underdeveloped countries that can present as CNS vasculitis. Metagenomic analysis allows the detection of different pathogens using a single method. The case illustrates the use of metagenomics in rare diseases characterized by vasculitis, with change in clinical outcomes and conduct.

Download Full-text

NCOG-42. SYMPTOM ONSET TO TIME OF DIAGNOSIS IN PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMOR PATIENTS: A REVIEW OF FINDINGS FROM THE NOB-NHS

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noab196.632 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽

pp. vi161-vi161

Author(s):

Matthew Lindsley ◽

Elizabeth Vera ◽

Alvina Acquaye ◽

Nicole Briceno ◽

Anna Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Healthcare Setting ◽

Tumor Location ◽

Low Grade ◽

Central Nervous System Tumor ◽

Tumor Patients ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Reported Data

Abstract Prior reports suggest the low prevalence of primary central nervous system (PCNS) tumors and the healthcare setting where patients seek care can contribute to diagnostic delays, potentially affecting prognosis. This descriptive report highlights findings from patient-reported data at presentation collected from a sample of 623 PCNS tumor patients. Participants were White (88%), males (56%), median age at diagnosis 41 (2-79) with high grade (HG) (66%) brain tumors (BT) (89%). Among BT patients, 30% reported ≥ 3 concurrent symptoms at presentation including headaches (40%), seizures (30%), and memory problems or difficulty with balance/walking (20% each). Over half (57%) had symptoms for < 6 months before diagnosis and 60% presented to the Emergency Room. Sixty-five percent of HG BT patients had symptoms for < 6 months prior to diagnosis compared to low grade (LG) tumors (40%) and had surgery in < 1 month from presentation (68% vs 51%, p < 0.01). More HG BT patients presented with weakness in the arms/legs than LG BT (14% vs 8%). Among spine tumor (ST) patients, 45% reported ≥ 3 concurrent symptoms at presentation including back pain (65%), sensory changes (45%), and weakness (40%). Almost half (46%) were symptomatic for > 1 year before diagnosis, presented in an outpatient clinic (64%) with 41% having surgery < 1 month from presentation. Younger (40% vs 16%) and HG ST patients (56% vs 21%) more often reported symptoms for < 6 months before diagnosis. HG ST patients more often presented to Emergency Rooms (67% vs 25%) and had surgery < 1 month from presentation (60% vs 36%). Further analysis of symptom presentation and clinical course is ongoing. Tumor location, grade, patient age and healthcare setting were associated with the time from clinical presentation to diagnosis. Development of aids providing guidance on diagnostic evaluation/treatment to front-line healthcare providers is warranted.

Download Full-text