CASE STUDY ON CIRCUMSCRIBED GLIOMAS, THEIR CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Esther Alffi Papang ◽  
K. Rama
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Impact

The histogenesis and biological behavior of primary tumors of the central nervous system(CNS) are very diverse. The majority of present gliomas as benign, slow growing lesions classied as by the WHO classicati grade I or II (Low grade gliomas) on of CNS tumors. However, a signicant fraction of gliomas develop over a short period of time and progress rapidly and are therefore classied as WHO grade III or IV(High grade gliomas). Astrocytomas are primary central nervous system tumours that can develop in adults or in children. They arise from the Astrocytes. They can be divided into diffuse that generally have a higher grade and poorer prognosis and those that are localised that tend to be of a lower grade and have a better prognosis. In this study, we outline the basic histological spectrum and features, epidemiological aspects and grade of circumscribed gliomas (localised) or other Astrocytic tumours according to WHO classication . These are the Pilocytic Astrocytoma, Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma, Subependymal giant cell Astrocytoma, Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and Anaplastic astrocytoma . The knowledge of these tumours are important as they are one of the commonest cause of mortality and morbidity in both the young and old, accounting for about 60% of the glial tumours. Therefore neuropathological diagnosis and tumour characteristics will therefore profoundly inuence the impact of treatment strategies.

scholarly journals QOL-36. USE OF CANNABINOIDS IN THE PEDIATRIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMOR POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii438-iii438
Author(s):  
Kathleen Dorris ◽  
Jessica Channell ◽  
Ashley Mettetal ◽  
Molly Hemenway ◽  
Natalie Briones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumor ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND Cannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are a class of compounds found in marijuana. Numerous studies in adults have examined cannabinoid use in management of cancer-related symptoms such as nausea, anorexia, and pain. Less is known about the use in the pediatric oncology population. METHODS A prospective observational study has been ongoing since 2016 at Children’s Hospital Colorado to evaluate cannabinoids’ impact using PedsQL™ modules on quality of life of pediatric patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors who are 2–18 years old. Laboratory assessments of T-cell activity and pharmacokinetics of CBD, THC and associated metabolites are in process. Diaries with exploratory information on cannabinoid use patterns are being collected. RESULTS Thirty-three patients (14:19; male:female) have been enrolled with a median age of 6.4 years (range, 2.9–17.7 years). The most common tumor type in enrolled patients is embryonal tumors (13/33; 39%). Nine (27%) patients have low-grade glial/glioneuronal tumors, and eight (24%) had high-grade/diffuse midline gliomas. The remaining patients had ependymoma or craniopharyngioma. The median time on cannabinoids is 9 months. Most (n=20) patients have used oral products with CBD and THC. One patient continues on cannabinoid therapy in follow up. Preliminary immune function analyses identified impaired neutrophil superoxide anion production and chemotaxis in patients taking cannabinoids at early time points on therapy. CONCLUSIONS Families of children with various CNS tumors are pursuing cannabinoid therapy for both antitumor and supportive care purposes. Analysis of the impact of cannabinoids on patients’ quality of life is ongoing.

scholarly journals Analysis of histopathological spectrum of intracranial central nervous system tumours in a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil S. Deshpande ◽  
Anil B. Munemane ◽  
Ravindra R. Karle
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumours ◽  
International Data ◽  
Cns Tumours

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Descriptive epidemiology of intracranial central nervous system (CNS) tumours is a significant part of tumour studies which provides information on magnitude and distribution of the lesions. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of frequency of intracranial CNS tumours with comparison with national and international data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study 101 intracranial CNS tumours diagnosed over a period of 4 years were included. Histological diagnosis of tumours was confirmed and they were classified according to revised WHO classification of CNS tumours 2016. Frequencies of tumours in accordance to age, gender, location, laterality and grades were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total 101 cases including 59 (58.42%) males and 42 (41.58%) females were studied. Paediatric and adult cases accounted for 17 (16.83%) and 84 (83.17%), respectively. Most tumours were noted in the 6th decade. Out of total cases, 91 (90.1%) were primary intracranial CNS tumours and 10 (9.9%) were metastatic tumours. Most common tumours were astrocytoma followed by meningioma. Among children, astrocytoma (41.18%), medulloblastomas (41.18%), ependymomas (11.76%) and meningiomas (5.88%) were the reported lesions. In adults, astrocytoma (39.29%), meningiomas (23.81%), metastatic tumours (11.90%), ependymomas (8.33%), hemangioblastomas (5.95%) and schwannomas (4.76%) were common. Glioblastomas were the commonest astrocytoma. WHO grade I tumours were commonest followed by grade IV.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions:  </strong>The study gives a glimpse of prevalence of intracranial central nervous system tumours forming a baseline profile based primarily on the histopathological diagnosis at rural tertiary care hospital.</p>

Follicular Lymphoma of the Dura

Neurosurgery ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. E703-E704 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Kojo Hamilton ◽  
T David Bourne ◽  
Hazem Ahmed ◽  
John B. Cousar ◽  
James W. Mandell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Follicular Lymphoma ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Postoperative Treatment ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Low Grade

Abstract OBJECTIVE: We present an unusual dural-based follicular lymphoma with radiological and macroscopic features similar to a meningioma. The unusual location of this tumor and its distinction from meningioma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the dura, and intraparenchymal central nervous system lymphoma, dramatically alters the patient's postoperative treatment. The case illustrates the clinical, radiological, and histological relevance of this rare entity. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 41-year-old Caucasian man with chronic bifrontal headaches and a raised area over his left frontal cranium that persisted for 1 year presented to the emergency room with nausea and vomiting. His family reported that the patient demonstrated increased irritability and aggressive behavior. A computed tomographic scan revealed a large mass of the left frontal convexity with edema and mass effect. Magnetic resonance imaging scans showed a 5-cm homogeneously enhancing mass in the left posterior frontal lobe. INTERVENTION: Preoperatively, the patient underwent angiography and embolization of the tumor. The patient underwent gross total resection of tumor. The dural-based tumor invaded the cranium and scalp. Neuropathological findings were consistent with low-grade follicular lymphoma. The patient is currently undergoing radiation and chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: The current case represents the first report of extensive intracranial dural involvement by a follicular lymphoma that shows a classic immunophenotype by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The case illustrates the clinical and radiographic similarities between dural-based lymphoma and meningioma. Distinguishing dural-based follicular lymphoma from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type lymphoma and from intraparenchymal primary central nervous system lymphomas, which are more often large cell lymphomas with more aggressive biological behavior, is essential for proper clinical management.

scholarly journals RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF INTRACRANIAL AND INTRASPINAL SPACE OCCUPYING LESIONS AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTER- A FIVE YEAR STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Meena B. Patil ◽  
Manjiri N. Karandikar
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Background: Tumors of Central Nervous System constitute approximately 2% of all malignancies. Cancers of the central nervous system (CNS) are considered to be among the most notorious of all cancers. Low-grade cns tumors have been found over time to progress to high grade tumors. CNS is a common site for metastasis from other organs. Due to newer techniques used in radio diagnosis and stereotactic biopsies, more & more CNS tumors are being diagnosed & are being operated upon. Aims and objectives: The objective of this article is to provide an overview of intracranial and intraspinal space occupying lesions at a single tertiary care referral center. The aim was to study incidence of various lesions in light of the   WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system, 2016 and to study relevant statistics. Material and methods: A total of 124 cases were received between January,2007 & December, 2011 at Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Pune. Intraoperative diagnosis was desired in 70 cases. The final diagnoses in all the cases were made on Hematoxylin and Eosin stained slides of routinely processed tissue. Results: Neoplastic lesions comprised 83.88 %, including metastatic tumors while 16.12 % were nonneoplastic.  A wide range of histopathological spectrum of CNS tumors was observed and was classified according to WHO classification of CNS tumors, 2016. The primary CNS tumors were graded from Grade I to IV according to WHO grading system, 2016. Astrocytic tumors constituted the largest category with 33 cases and most of the astrocytomas were grade II at the time of diagnosis. Incidence was more in females than males and maximum number of lesions were seen in fifth and sixth decades of life. Conclusion: This study highlights the histological diversity of CNS tumors in both adults and children. The most common destructive but nonneoplastic lesions like, infections/abscesses, infarct and cysts can be diagnosed, by crush cytology and frozen section for the definitive management.

scholarly journals Cytology of Extraneural Metastases of Nonhematolymphoid Primary Central Nervous System Tumors: Six Cases with Histopathological Correlation and Literature Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-540
Author(s):  
Joerg Schwock ◽  
Lorna Mirham ◽  
Zeina Ghorab
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Salivary Gland Neoplasm ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Myxopapillary Ependymoma ◽  
Primary Tumor Site ◽  
Primary Tumors

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Extraneural/-cranial metastases (ENM) of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors are rare and may be diagnostically challenging. We describe the cytomorphological and pertinent clinical features of ENM in a case series assessed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). A search of the laboratory information systems of 2 tertiary care centers in Toronto (2000–2015) was performed. Cases with direct extracranial/-spinal extension of CNS neoplasms were excluded. Microscopic slides of FNA and surgical specimens were reviewed. Demographic and clinicopathological data were retrieved. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> Six cases were identified with the original diagnoses of glioblastoma, glioblastoma with primitive neuroectodermal tumor-like components, anaplastic ependymoma, myxopapillary ependymoma, atypical meningioma, and hemangiopericytoma. Median patient age at first diagnosis was 44 years (range 22–56). The time interval between initial diagnosis and first metastatic disease manifestation was 3 months to 19 years. All FNA diagnoses were rendered correctly. In 4 cases, immunohistochemistry was used to support the diagnosis. All cases had prior surgical intervention at the primary tumor site. In 4 cases, the ENM location was the ipsilateral parotid or buccal area. Two primary tumors in midline location developed ENM in the scapular area. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> ENM are a rare manifestation of a range of different primary CNS tumors and may involve the ipsilateral head and neck mimicking clinically a salivary gland neoplasm. FNA can rapidly discriminate ENM from other, potentially more indolent conditions. Awareness of the clinical history is paramount to avoid diagnostic confusion.

scholarly journals EPID-18. TRENDS IN INCIDENCE AND SURVIVAL OF MALIGNANT PEDIATRIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS IN THE NETHERLANDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii322-iii322
Author(s):  
Raoull Hoogendijk ◽  
Jasper van der Lugt ◽  
Dannis van Vuurden ◽  
Eelco Hoving ◽  
Leontien Kremer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Netherlands Cancer Registry ◽  
Malignant Astrocytomas ◽  
Brainstem Tumors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND Variation in survival of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors is large between countries. Within Europe, the Netherlands had one of the worst reported survival rates of malignant CNS (mCNS) tumors during 2000–2007. METHODS Using the Netherlands Cancer Registry, we evaluated trends in incidence and survival of pediatric mCNS tumors (behavior /3, 5th digit in the morphology code) diagnosed between 1990–2017. RESULTS 839 newly-diagnosed mCNS tumor patients &lt;18 years were registered between 1990–2017. Incidence of mCNS tumors remained stable (average incidence rate, 21.6 per million person-years). However, an increased incidence of malignant gliomas, NOS was found (Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) 11.6% p&lt;0.001). This appears to be related to a registration shift between 1990–1999 and 2000–2009 as brainstem tumors increased (+25%, n=79) for astrocytomas and other gliomas but decreased (-31%, n=32) for unspecified intracranial and intraspinal neoplasms. Overall, 5-year observed survival (5Y-OS) of mCNS tumors increased from 51% in 1990–1999 to 61% in 2010–2017 (P-for-trend&lt;0.001). This increase was not constant over time, as 5Y-OS for the period 2000–2009 was 47%. The only significant decrease in survival was found for malignant astrocytomas and other gliomas with a 5Y-OS of 56% in 1990–1999 decreasing to 48% in 2010–2017 (P-for-trend&lt;0.001). CONCLUSION Between 1990–2017 incidence of mCNS tumors in the Netherlands remained stable and survival increased. However, a decrease in survival was seen for malignant astrocytomas and other gliomas, which is partially explained by the registration shift of brainstem tumors. The impact of this shift on survival for all mCNS tumors is subject to further research.

scholarly journals The Clinical Value of PET with Amino Acid Tracers for Gliomas WHO Grade II

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Smits ◽  
Brigitta G. Baumert
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures

The clinical management of adults with low-grade gliomas (LGGs) remains a challenge. There is no curative treatment, and management of individual patients is a matter of deciding optimal timing as well as right treatment modality. In addition to conventional imaging techniques, positron emission tomography (PET) with amino acid tracers can facilitate diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In this paper, the clinical applications of PET with amino acid tracers 11C-methyl-L-methionine (MET) and 18F-fluoro-ethyl-L-tyrosine (FET) for patients with LGG are summarized. We also discuss the value of PET for the long-term followup of this patient group. Monitoring metabolic activity by PET in individual patients during course of disease will provide insight in the biological behavior and evolution of these tumors. As such, spatial changes in tumor activity over time, including shifts of hot-spot regions within the tumor, may reflect intratumoral heterogeneity and correlate to clinical parameters.

scholarly journals Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Right Cerebellum: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
Ye-Tao Zhu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Li-Gang Chen ◽  
Da-Ping Song
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Solitary Fibrous Tumor ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Solitary Fibrous Tumors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Fibrous Tumor ◽  
The Right

Solitary fibrous tumor is a very rare mesenchymal tumor that occurs mostly in the pleura, and there are few reported cases of a presence in the central nervous system, particularly in the cerebellum. In 2016, the WHO classified solitary fibrous tumors into grade I. In this article, we present a case of malignant solitary fibrous tumor recurring 8 years after surgery in a 63-year-old male. Magnetic resonance imaging showed low to intermediate mixed signal intensity on T1W1. Immunohistochemical staining positivity for Vimentin, CD99, CD34 and Bcl-2, it is consistent with the immunohistochemical characteristics of solitary fibrous tumor. We resected the patient’s tumor, and the patient was followed up for 3 months with no signs of recurrence. Solitary fibrous tumors are very rare in the central nervous system. Immunohistochemical staining positivity for CD34 and Bcl-2 is strongly expressed in most solitary fibrous tumor. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment. Due to the small number of cases, the biological behavior and prognosis of this tumor need to be further explored.

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