Age differences in blunt chest trauma: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Objective: to perform an external validation of two clinical decision instruments (DIs) - Chest CT-All and Chest CT-Major - in a cohort of patients with blunt chest trauma undergoing chest CT scanning at a trauma referral center, and determine if these DIs are safe options for selective ordering of chest CT scans in patients with blunt chest trauma admitted to emergency units. Methods: cross-sectional study of patients with blunt chest trauma undergoing chest CT scanning over a period of 11 months. Chest CT reports were cross-checked with the patients’ electronic medical record data. The sensitivity and specificity of both instruments were calculated. Results: the study included 764 patients. The Chest CT-All DI showed 100% sensitivity for all injuries and specificity values of 33.6% for injuries of major clinical significance and 40.4% for any lesion. The Chest CT-Major DI had sensitivity of 100% for injuries of major clinical significance, which decreased to 98.6% for any lesions, and specificity values of 37.4% for injuries of major clinical significance and 44.6% for all lesions. Conclusion: both clinical DIs validated in this study showed adequate sensitivity to detect chest injuries on CT and can be safely used to forego chest CT evaluation in patients without any of the criteria that define each DI. Had the Chest CT-All and Chest CT-Major DIs been applied in this cohort, the number of CT scans performed would have decreased by 23.1% and 24.6%, respectively, resulting in cost reduction and avoiding unnecessary radiation exposure.

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Final Decentrations

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000019 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 152-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Jochen Brandtstädter ◽

Klaus Rothermund ◽

Dirk Kranz ◽

Waldemar Kühn

Keyword(s):

Age Differences ◽

Death And Dying ◽

Life Time ◽

Goal Orientations ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Range ◽

Moderating Role

We submit that with advancing age and the age-inherent shrinking of life-time reserves, intrinsic-valuerational, that is, ego-transcending goals tend to gain priority over extrinsic-instrumental goals that aim at future personal benefits. This proposition is investigated in four studies that combine questionnaire assessments and experimental analyses. In Study 1, age differences in extrinsic-instrumental and intrinsic-valuerational orientations are analyzed in a cross-sectional study involving 359 participants in the age range from 35 to 84 years. In Study 2, we ask whether the postulated shift in goal orientations could be simulated by inducing a cognitive focus on themes of death and dying (N = 371). Studies 3 and 4 (Ns = 50 and 86) serve to replicate and expand the findings with an experimental setup, paying particular attention to the moderating role of accommodative flexibility and to implicit preferences. Taken together, the results of this research substantiate the assumption that the experience of narrowing life-time reserves activates accommodative processes that enhance the disengagement from egocentric-individualistic concerns.

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Investigación sobre adolescentes que son observadores de situaciones de ciberacoso

Revista de Investigación Educativa ◽

10.6018/rie.370691 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 259-273

Author(s):

VÍctor González Calatayud ◽

Mª Paz Prendes Espinosa ◽

Cristina Bernal Ruiz

Keyword(s):

Secondary School ◽

Age Differences ◽

Group Process ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Past ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Gender And Age Differences

El ciberacoso es una realidad entre los adolescentes. En esta problemática no solo tenemos a cibervíctimas y ciberacosadores, sino que también están los ciberobservadores, los cuales juegan un papel fundamental. El objetivo principal fue conocer la prevalencia de ciberobservadores, ver las diferencias de género y edad, y relacionarlo con el uso del teléfono móvil y de Internet fuera de casa. Para ello se ha realizado un estudio transversal en el que se ha utilizado un cuestionario como instrumento. La muestra se ha seleccionado con un muestreo aleatorio estratificado, estando compuesta al final por un total de 950 estudiantes de la ESO, siendo un 50.4% chicos y con una media de edad de 13.93 (DT = 1.35). El 62.3% había observado al menos una de las conductas evaluadas durante el último año. Las chicas observaron en general más conductas que los chicos. En cuanto a la edad, los adolescentes de más edad son los que indicaron haber observado más ciberacoso. Aquellos adolescentes que disponen de ordenador en su propia habitación o los que tienen acceso a Internet fuera de casa observaron más ciberacoso. Teniendo en cuenta que el ciberacoso se da en un proceso grupal, los ciberobservadores juegan un papel fundamental para evitarlo. Cyberbullying is a reality among adolescents. In this problem we not only have cybervictims and cyberbullies, but also cyberobservers, who play a fundamental role in this problem. The main objective of this research is to find out the prevalence of cyberobservers, see gender and age differences, and relate it to mobile phone and Internet use outside the home. To this end, a cross-sectional study has been carried out using a questionnaire as an information-gathering tool. The sample was selected with stratified random sampling, and at the end consisted of a total of 950 secondary school students, of which 50.4% were boys and with an average age of 13.93 (SD = 1.35). 62.3% had observed at least one of the behaviors assessed during the past year. Women generally observed more behavior than men. In terms of age, older adolescents are the ones who reported having observed the most cyberbullying. Teenagers who have computers in their own rooms or those who have access to the Internet outside the home observed more cyberbullying. Given that cyberbullying occurs in a group process, cyber-observers play a key role in preventing it.

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