Precedents of the Battle

Author(s):  
Xabier Irujo

This chapter examines the creation of the Emirate of Cordoba under Abd al-Rahman I and King Charles’ call for the Paderborn Diet in 777. The purpose of the 778 campaign launched by the Frankish king was not to fire up a crusade against Islam but to create a march in the Pyrenees, a vassal domain of the Frankish Kingdom bounded by the 600-kilometer (373-mile) old Roman road connecting Pamplona and Girona. Indeed, sources indicate that King Charles negotiated terms with the Muslim rulers of the Ebro valley and there was no offer on the part of the Muslim emissaries to embrace the Christian faith. However, the religious aspect provided a suitable and effective casus belli and the literary tradition presented this military adventure as the first European crusade.

Author(s):  
Jana Bennett

This chapter places Catholic teaching on questions of life and death against the background of a Catholic vision of salvation history, emphasizing that Catholics see no necessary opposition between Christian faith and progress in scientific understanding of the creation. The chapter then considers questions concerning abortion, contraception, and techniques for artificial reproduction. The second half of the chapter focuses on questions concerning death. Catholic teaching views human life in this world as finite, and thus sees death as intrinsic to the current human condition. After considering Catholic teaching on euthanasia, the chapter considers Catholic discussion of war, the death penalty, and care for the environment.


2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
David Ford

AbstractThis article recognises both the need for wisdom for the flourishing of public life and the value of the contribution that Christian wisdom, founded on Scripture, has to offer. However, this article also notes that the contemporary world is a complexly religious and secular environment, and hence if Christian wisdom is to realise its potential, there is a need for the creation and nurture of attitudes, groups and institutions within which fruitful dialogue between faiths and ideologies in public life can occur. The article observes that Britain currently has a particular opportunity to work towards this kind of wisdom-embracing religious and secular society, and the practice of scriptural reasoning is explored as an exemplary practice that promotes the kind of inter-faith collegiality, collaboration and friendships that enhance public life. Finally, the article offers some brief reflections on Job and the role of wisdom in an authentic and biblical Christian faith.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Marina A. Kozlova

The paper is devoted to the peculiarities of the creation of the personified image of the city in the novel “The Dead [City of] Bruges” by Georges Raymond Constantin Rodenbach, which, according to the author himself, represents not only the protagonist, but also its organising force. The Belgian author draws on an earlier literary tradition, according to which the city appears to the poet's mind in the form of a woman. The image of the city is built on the combination and interaction of different elements, among which those that are considered in the article: the theme of duality, the motif of reflection, which becomes the main constructional principle of the image system of the novel, as well as references to mythological and literary archetypes. The theme of duplicity is directly connected with the category of correspondence or analogy, which is central to Rodenbach's oeuvre and forms a peculiar poetics of reflection and determines the choice of expressive means. Dualism is associated with a hostile, dark and demonic force, contrasted with the "holy" and infallible feminine ideal, embodied in the image of the perished beloved, who is also a prototype of the city. The poeticised image of the city is related to archetypical figures that are typical of European symbolism – first of all, Ophelia, but also Orpheus and Narcissus, all this through an appeal to the symbolism of water and the otherworld, then through the main character's attempt to overcome the border between worlds and create a new myth about love that defeats death.


1860 ◽  
Vol 7 (35) ◽  
pp. 59-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M'Ilwaine

The regions of religion and philosophy are distinct, but by no means opposed. Some professors of the Christian faith may have fallen into the error that revelation and science are antagonistic, but such a position has neither any foundation in fact, nor any countenance in the Divine record. Warnings, no doubt, occur in the apostolic writings under the head of science and philosophy; but these are directed against “science falsely so called“, and such philosophy as is identified with “vain deceit.” There can be no opposition between nature and revelation, inasmuch as the author of both is the same God, who is “light“, and whose essence is “truth”. In examining therefore a mental phenomenon, such as that of Revivalism, as lately exhibited in the northern counties of Ireland, and during whose rise and progress so much of a religious element was developed, it would be, in a manner, impossible to do justice to the subject, without a direct reference to this element; nor will the interests of evangelical truth be injured, by an endeavour to discriminate between the false and the true, the genuine and the factitious, in this singular excitement; neither, I must presume, will the pages of a journal devoted mainly to subjects of a psychological character be diverted from their legitimate application if the Religious Aspect of Ulster Revivalism be introduced to them.


Articult ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Angelika Molnar ◽  

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of demonic images and plots in the works of Pushkin and Lermontov about the Demon and in the series “Lucifer” by Netflix. Perhaps this topic goes beyond the scope of scientific discourse, but now the series enjoys such popularity that it has become perhaps the most binged show. This explains the decision of the author of the article to draw parallels between literary masterpieces and not their film adaptations, but a product of popular culture. Of course, the creators of the series did not read Russian literature, but typological similarities are obvious and can be revealed. As a result of the analysis, the series “Lucifer” can be understood as a completely human story of “the most dysfunctional family in the universe”. Our interpretation throws light on it in the aspects of rethinking biblical motives, the provisions of the Christian faith and literary tradition.


2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
D. A. Romanov

In the article the features of the new style of harmonious simplicity of Tolstoy, formed during his work on the creation of the «Great primer» are considered. The ways of rhythmizing the prosaic text, the nature of word usage, the reduction of the number of tropes and the peculiarities of using the small tropeic series, features of non-fiction narrative and techniques for constructing an emotional plot are analyzed through the example of the «Fourth Russian Book for Reading». Tolstoy’s linguopoetic methods, which later became part of the Russian literary tradition, are revealed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-113
Author(s):  
Monica Ruset-Oancă

In this paper, I intend to present the way in which the Biblical stories and medieval legends are re-written in the episode of the Miraculous Ship in La Queste del Saint Graal, and to identify several characteristics of this vessel, considered ideal for the questers’ preparation for the ecstatic life in the presence of the Grail. The multi-layered symbolism of this miraculous self-moving ship is constantly enriched with new connotations, and from being a sacred place that offers the successful knights the opportunity to meditate on their spiritual life before reaching Sarras and the Holy Grail, it may also be regarded as a connector between the Old-Testament legends, Christian traditions and Arthurian lore. In addition, the focus of the story shifts from Arthurian adventures to the creation of a story of origin and Galahad is presented not only as the quintessential Arthurian knight, but also the rightful heir of mythical ancestors. More importantly, analysing the way in which some medieval texts are recycled in this fragment, the reader is astonished to find a very progressive re-writing of the well-known literary tradition, as it reveals a very appreciative portrayal of women’s agency and a tolerant attitude towards Jews (represented by Solomon). Both these aspects differ not only from the biblical perspective or dogmatic theories, but also from other 13th-century legends. Moreover, this inclusive approach to non-Christians is unique in the economy of La Queste.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Santelia

Carmen 9 is a programmatic composition utterly sui generis. It has numerous points of contact with Ausonius’ Griphus ternarii numeri, and it can be considered as a riddle for the sodales, who are only given those elements which can be useful to understand the meaning of what the author presents as an original and complex ecdotic operation. None of the following carmina is exclusively historical, mythological, nor inspired by a single model. It is the reader who has to find out in what way myth, history and daily life are interwoven in the libellus, as are pagan gods and Christian faith, in a studied mixture of genres, stylistic registers, allusions, and learned reuse of the entire literary tradition, both ancient and more recent. This is in some ways a ‘new’ and complex literary endeavour, which is coherent with the renowned experimentalism of Late Latin poetry.


Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Ancuța-Maria Ilie

The creation of sacred spaces has played a central role during the evolution of christian faith and culture. The main source of inspiration has been the word of the Bible which describes the design of the Holy Place as told by God to the chosen ones at various times. The divine models have been filled with symbolic meanings by Holy Fathers and Byzantine theologians. Thus, the understanding of their writings and the Holy Bible come first when analysing the sacred spaces of the Eastern Church. This article presents the main concepts regarding the Church, it’s architecture and spiritual meaning, of three Byzantine thinkers – Dionysius the Areopagite, Maximus the Confessor and Symeon of Thessalonike.


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