Life and Death

2016 ◽  
pp. 422-442
Author(s):  
Jana Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Artificial Reproduction ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Salvation History ◽  
The Creation

This chapter places Catholic teaching on questions of life and death against the background of a Catholic vision of salvation history, emphasizing that Catholics see no necessary opposition between Christian faith and progress in scientific understanding of the creation. The chapter then considers questions concerning abortion, contraception, and techniques for artificial reproduction. The second half of the chapter focuses on questions concerning death. Catholic teaching views human life in this world as finite, and thus sees death as intrinsic to the current human condition. After considering Catholic teaching on euthanasia, the chapter considers Catholic discussion of war, the death penalty, and care for the environment.

Ważyk metafizyczny? / Ważyk – A Metaphysician?

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Jerzy Święch
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Ontological Security ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Self Sufficiency

Summary Adam Ważyk’s last volume of poems Zdarzenia (Events) (1977) can be read as a resume of the an avant-garde artist’s life that culminated in the discovery of a new truth about the human condition. The poems reveal his longing for a belief that human life, the mystery of life and death, makes sense, ie. that one’s existence is subject to the rule of some overarching necessity, opened onto the last things, rather than a plaything of chance. That entails a rejection of the idea of man’s self-sufficiency as an illusion, even though that kind of individual sovereignty was the cornerstone of modernist art. The art of late modernity, it may be noted, was already increasingly aware of the dangers of putting man’s ‘ontological security’ at risk. Ważyk’s last volume exemplifies this tendency although its poems appear to remain within the confines of a Cubist poetics which he himself helped to establish. In fact, however, as our readings of the key poems from Events make clear, he employs his accustomed techniques for a new purpose. The shift of perspective can be described as ‘metaphysical’, not in any strict sense of the word, but rather as a shorthand indicator of the general mood of these poems, filled with events which seem to trap the characters into a supernatural order of things. The author sees that much, even though he does not look with the eye of a man of faith. It may be just a game - and Ważyk was always fond of playing games - but in this one the stakes are higher than ever. Ultimately, this game is about salvation. Ważyk is drawn into it by a longing for the wholeness of things and a dissatisfaction with all forms of mediation, including the Cubist games of deformation and fragmentation of the object. It seems that the key to Ważyk’s late phase is to be found in his disillusionment with the twentieth-century avant-gardes. Especially the poems of Events contain enough clues to suggest that the promise of Cubism and surrealism - which he sought to fuse in his poetic theory and practice - was short-lived and hollow.

scholarly journals Troens grund

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-123
Author(s):  
Henning Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Word Of Faith ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Written Word ◽  
God's Image

The Basis of Faithby Henning SørensenIn the period 1811-23 Grundtvig is forced into a continuous process of differentiation in the Bible in an attempt to find the Word of God that is the basis of faith. But in the course of the Church year 1822-23 this process is interrupted by Grundtvig’s discovery of the power of the audible word, a discovery that the audible word is better suited to being the word by which faith is born, fed, strengthened, and therefore, grows. The word of man is not just a sound, but can be “tuned” to have a spiritual content. In other words, faith is born and strengthened by the word being heard, and faith in this audible word implies that it seeks to be professed. The unparalleled discovery in 1825 is therefore already being prepared for in 1823, even though right up to the 9th Sunday in Trinity 1825 Grundtvig may be retaining the written word as the basis of faith, in an attempt to defend himself against unbelievers.In 1832 Grundtvig reaches a new understanding of mankind that goes against his Lutheran origins. Recreation must now start from what is created by the Creation and what has fallen of Man at the Fall. This Man is capable of believing and verbalising this faith. The life of Jesus was a divine life lived under the laws of human nature. This life can be linked to Man’s by Man being baptized with Jesus’ baptism and thereby sharing in the blessing that was heard at His baptism. With regard to this starting-point, that is, baptism, Jesus is born and grows as a child together with Mankind to consummation.Since Man was created by a Creative Word, he should remain true to the purpose of creation through faith. But Man doubted, the Fall occurred, and faith became blind. It shrank until it was no more than a vague memory of the original life in God’s image. Through re-creation the heart hears a Word that corresponds to the original Word of Creation, and the faith created at the Creation is re-created into a Christian faith through the Word of faith that illuminates the truth. This does not mean, however, that the faith given to all people at the Creation has no further purpose. For that is precisely the faith which is the source of the Christian faith, and this faith will still be a prerequisite if men are to believe one another and human life is to be lived at all.The blind and the seeing faith, like the fallen and the raised man, are therefore of the same nature. But the seeing faith knows where truth is to be found and will be able to believe this truth if it can be helped towards it.

scholarly journals 儒家生命倫理視野下人工生殖倫理觀之構建

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Caixia WANG ◽  
ZHANG ◽  
Shuo ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Artificial Reproduction ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Ethical Conflicts ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
Sentient Beings ◽  
Artificial Reproductive Technology

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.隨著人工生殖技術的發展和應用，相伴而來的社會倫理問題也日益增多。為了使該技術真正做到以人為本、為人類的生存和發展而服務，及為人類的圓滿生活造福，探討和構建一種適應現代人工生殖技術發展和應用的倫理觀有十分逼切的需要，以指導並引領人工生殖的研究和運用及發揮技術的正面效應。儒家生命倫理以“仁愛”、“以義制利”、“天人合一”及對人類的終極關懷作為生命科技發展的最高價值判斷標準，為現代人工生殖倫理觀的構建提供了深厚的文化底蘊和理論依據。儒家生命倫理觀不僅能為該技術的應用提供價值標準，而且最重要的是能引領世人以理性的態度，從人與人、人與社會以及人與自然之間三個方面和對人的終極關懷、對現代生命科技發展及其應用進行反思，從人類整體的利益去認識現代生命科技的弊端和危害，從而調整人類自身行為，限制自身欲望，實現人類可持續發展。因此，重新認識和發掘儒家生命倫理思想，從儒家生命倫理視野下構建人工生殖倫理觀有著深遠的社會意義。With the development and application of artificial reproductive technology, humans are able to “artificially reproduce.” However, a series of ethical problems and conflicts have arisen from the practice of artificial reproduction, suggesting that modern artificial reproductive technology serves as a kind of “double-edged sword” – it provides both benefit and harm to human beings. How to attend to the ethical conflicts arising from artificial reproduction, and more importantly, how to develop adequate contemporary ethics to provide guidance to society regarding artificial reproduction, are crucially important ethical tasks that must be addressed. This essay argues that Confucian ethical wisdom and principles should be drawn upon to develop a legitimate Chinese bioethics and a suitable Confucian ethical construction of artificial reproduction in contemporary Chinese society.Based on Confucian ethical wisdom and insights, this essay argues that a Confucian ethical construction of artificial reproduction should include the following principles to direct relevant policy formulation and guide human conduct. The Confucian principle regarding human life is that humans are the most noble of all sentient beings. Regarding the relation between morality and benefit, Confucianism advocates a harmonious association, in which benefit should be pursued under the constraint of morality. Regarding a suitable view of nature, Confucian wisdom emphasizes the unity of Heaven and human – the Dao of Heaven is, in the metaphysical sense, followed by both nature and humanity. Regarding lives and things in the world, Confucianism upholds the ideal of honoring life and caring for things to create an ordered world. Regarding life and death, the Confucian vision is that life should be happy and death should be peaceful. Regarding one’s social responsibility, the Confucian principle is that one must follow the call of righteousness (yi) and should never violate righteousness for one’s self-interest. This essay argues that these valuable intellectual and moral resources should be drawn upon in shaping a contemporary Confucian ethical construction of artificial reproduction.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 140 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

Barriers to the Use of Neurologic Criteria to Declare Death in Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 104990912110069
Author(s):  
Ariane Lewis ◽  
Andrew Kumpfbeck ◽  
Jordan Liebman ◽  
Sam D. Shemie ◽  
Gene Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The World ◽  
Religious Perspectives ◽  
World Brain ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Death By Neurologic Criteria

There are varying medical, legal, social, religious and philosophical perspectives about the distinction between life and death. Death can be declared using cardiopulmonary or neurologic criteria throughout much of the world. After solicitation of brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) protocols from contacts around the world, we found that the percentage of countries with BD/DNC protocols is much lower in Africa than other developing regions. We performed an informal review of the literature to identify barriers to declaration of BD/DNC in Africa. We found that there are numerous medical, legal, social and religious barriers to the creation of BD/DNC protocols in Africa including 1) limited number of healthcare facilities, critical care resources and clinicians with relevant expertise; 2) absence of a political and legal framework codifying death; and 3) cultural and religious perspectives that present ideological conflict with the idea of BD/DNC, in particular, and between traditional and Western medicine, in general. Because there are a number of unique barriers to the creation of BD/DNC protocols in Africa, it remains to be seen how the World Brain Death Project, which is intended to create minimum standards for BD/DNC around the world, will impact BD/DNC determination in Africa.

scholarly journals Environmental racialisation and poetics of influence in the postgenomic era: fire, soil, spirit

2021 ◽  
pp. medhum-2020-012061
Author(s):  
Lara Choksey
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Environmental Racism ◽  
Politics Of Difference ◽  
Material Environment ◽  
Liberal Humanism ◽  
Influence At Work ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Genetic Reductionism

This article considers processes of environmental racialisation in the postgenomic era through their politics of difference and poetics of influence. Subfields like epigenetics promise to account for a plurality of possible influences on health outcomes. While this appears to present possibilities for historical reparation to communities whose epigenomes may have been chronically altered by histories of violence and trauma, the prevailing trend has been to compound processes of racialisation in the reproduction of good/bad environments. The postgenomic era has promised an epistemological transformation of ideas and values of human life, but its practices, technologies and ideology have so far prevented this. Epigenetics, rather, reproduces biomedical exclusions through imaginaries of embodied contexts, methods of occlusion and hypervisibility, and assignations of delay and deviance. This is more complex than both genetic reductionism and environmental racism: studies on epigenetics reveal a poetics of influence at work under liberal humanism complicit in the creation of death-worlds for racialised populations. Other experiments with life are possible and unfolding: Jay Bernard’s poem ‘Chemical’, set in the aftermath of London’s Grenfell Tower fire in 2017, unmoors its bodies from material environment, offering a spectral configuration of collective life. This configuration involves negotiating with the fixing of time and space on which genomic imaginaries depend.

God and Our Public Life: A Scriptural Wisdom

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
David Ford
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Scriptural Reasoning ◽  
Exemplary Practice

AbstractThis article recognises both the need for wisdom for the flourishing of public life and the value of the contribution that Christian wisdom, founded on Scripture, has to offer. However, this article also notes that the contemporary world is a complexly religious and secular environment, and hence if Christian wisdom is to realise its potential, there is a need for the creation and nurture of attitudes, groups and institutions within which fruitful dialogue between faiths and ideologies in public life can occur. The article observes that Britain currently has a particular opportunity to work towards this kind of wisdom-embracing religious and secular society, and the practice of scriptural reasoning is explored as an exemplary practice that promotes the kind of inter-faith collegiality, collaboration and friendships that enhance public life. Finally, the article offers some brief reflections on Job and the role of wisdom in an authentic and biblical Christian faith.

scholarly journals NILAI KETUHANAN SEBAGAI LANDASAN PERBAIKAN KEHIDUPAN BERBANGSA DAN BERNEGARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammaddin Muhammaddin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
State Law ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Back Door ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Holy Book

One of the most fundamental identities of a religion is the divine doctrine or doctrine that recognizes the existence of God. It can even be said is not a religion if there is no main characteristic that is the recognition and confidence of God. Reason alone will honestly acknowledge the power that governs nature and includes human life and reason will refuse if any opinion that says the existence of regularity that occurs in this nature occurs by itself. Because in reality there are natural events that occur is believed not to happen by chance but to the belief may God reprove, angry or indeed happened akiabat causal law from human activities that treat nature unnaturally, to the recognition of God who controls nature and life this. One would think anything of his religion about the process of the creation of man by the meeting of a man and a woman's ovum could be born a man whose system is amazing and an impossible thing to happen by itself if no one created (God) and certainly strengthened from the source of religion especially Islam for example very detailed human procession was created by Allah swt. with its very complete stages described in the holy book of the Qur'an and explained by the Messenger of Allah. as his apostle. All religions teach goodness, both individually, society, life of nation and state. These virtues are called morality and this doctrine is very urgent because goodness based on divine values ​​will be a moral fors ie there is no back door to escape responsibility, if he does immoral or immoral, including wrongdoing, he remains contrary to religious values ​​as well as with state law based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. The divine values ​​teach that people are still guilty of punishment and with sinful sanctions even though their crimes are escaped and escape from the bondage of law convicted by the court for being not discovered by law enforcement apparatus

scholarly journals Human Fetal Development And The Ways Of Asthabrata As An Idea In The Creation Of Sinjang Batik Tulis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
Danang Priyanto ◽  
FP Sri Wuryani
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Human Fetal Development ◽  
Full Protection

Human beings which are wired as leaders should live based on the practice of transcendent value and total clarity on noble deeds. It functions as a guideline in living to avoid the crisis of morality that often occurs today. One of the values in this leadershipquality is the teaching of asthabrata containing the noble deeds of a leader who symbolized in the elements of the universe: the fire, the ground, the water, the air, the moon, the clouds, the sun, and the stars. The stage of human fetal development occurs from the age of one to nine months. These stages, along with the teachings of asthabrata become the base of an idea in the creation of batik art. The idea comes from the question of how to process the development stages of human fetal and ways of asthabrata as a base on creating the batik artwork which conveys sublime values about leadership. The purpose of this batik artwork creation are:incorporating the concept of human fetal development as part of human life cycle with the tradition of batik; Conveying the sublime sublime of leadership based on the asthabrata which refers to human nature as a natural born leader. The creation processcovering the method of design exploration, design process, and batik as a result of design by establishing the combination ofhuman fetal development and the asthabrata. The result shows nine sinjang batik tulis artworks, covering; Hamasesa Tan Pilih Warna (manage without seeing the color), Sukci (sacred), Hanguripi Sagung Dumadi (give strength to all life), Girise Kang Samya Miyat (be who you want to see), Sorota Hayem Angayomi (make peaceful and full protection), Jembar Tanpa Pagut(sincerity without limit), Muntir Tan Ana Pedhote (infinite rotation), Panengeraning Keblad (signpost), and Ngudi Kasampurnan(sharpening perfection). 

scholarly journals Quando o silêncio narra o que aconteceu: a morte em "To the Lighthouse"

Scriptorium ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33180
Author(s):  
Adriana Madeira Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The Novel ◽  
To The Lighthouse ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Empirical Perspective ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Concrete Reality

Este artigo reflete sobre a condição humana e seu fim último, a morte, através do romance “To the Lighthouse”, de Virginia Woolf, em que a narrativa se desenvolve na relação entre a vida e a morte. Nas três partes do romance os acontecimentos giram em torno da morte, não só da morte física mas também de uma morte simbólica. Para tanto são apontadas algumas observações sobre subjetivismo e realidade objetiva, sobre temporalidade e sobre a própria prosa moderna nas formulações de Erich Auerbach. Em uma perspectiva empírica a autora aproxima o romance de sua realidade concreta, desnuda a dificuldade da escrita após um evento traumático além de apresentar aos leitores a fragilidade humana diante do inesperado. O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001.  *** When silence tells what happened: death in "To the Lighthouse" ***This article reflects on the human condition and its ultimate end, death, through Virginia Woolf's novel "To the Lighthouse," where the narrative unfolds in the relationship between life and death. In the three parts of the novel, events revolve around death, not only physical death but also a symbolic death. To this end, some observations on subjectivism and objective reality, on temporality, and on modern prose itself in the formulations of Erich Auerbach are pointed out. In an empirical perspective, the author brings the novel closer to its concrete reality, exposes the difficulty of writing after a traumatic event, as well as presenting the human frailty before the unexpected. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001.Keywords: Virginia Woolf; Death; Human condition; Literary criticism.

TRAGEDY OF EXISTENCE AND SEARCH FOR SURVIVAL. "THE LITTLE TRAGEDIES" AND "BELKIN’S TALES"

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 86-117
Author(s):  
Mark G. Altshuller ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Individual Human

The Little Tragedies and Belkin’s Tales were written at the same time. In the former, Pushkin examines the main, eternal, and insoluble confl icts of existence: love and death, life and death, inspiration and hard work, youth and old age. These confl icts are tragic, and are in principle insoluble, for humanity. Their collision constitutes the very essence of human life and of human civilization. But — according to Pushkin — what is insoluble for humanity as a whole might be, at least partly, resolved by way of a compromise, when it comes to individual human lives. This is what Belkin’s Tales are about.

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