Connecting Modernities

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Maddanu ◽  
Hatem N. Akil
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Global Ethics ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Global Modernity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies ◽  
Nature And Society

Editors’ introductory chapter delineates common threads among the volume’s cross-disciplinary contributions and connects these to the history of research on modernity as well as the most compelling issues confronting us today. The introduction discusses how the pandemic carries on the possibility (threat?) of a tabula rasa condition, a civilizational detour based on a foundation of global awareness of nature and society. The authors support the need for global problem-solving strategies, new global ethics, and a global resource management paradigm solidly cognizant of the commons and redistribution. The introduction explores the main hiatuses in today’s modernity and provides an update to the necessary assertion of a global modernity in the midst of political, ecological, and health crises.

scholarly journals PROGRESSÃO HARMÔNICA E O TRIÂNGULO DE LEIBNIZ

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
David Pinto Martins
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Wide Applicability ◽  
History Of ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460X14661This article intends to address in an elementary way the study of harmonic progressions. To this end, the usage of history of mathematics and problem solving strategies permeated the text. Several problems, some classics and other extracted from mathematical olympiads, were treated to show the wide applicability of this subject. In the end, the triangle of Leibniz and his relationship with the harmonic progressions is studied.

On the question of cheap care: Regarding A History of the World in Seven Cheap Things by Raj Patel and Jason W Moore

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-207
Author(s):  
Kathleen Lynch ◽  
Mags Crean
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Abstract Ideas ◽  
Nature And Society

One of the most engaging claims of Patel and Moore’s book is that abstract ideas have played a powerful role legitimating the exploitation of swathes of humanity, through distinguishing ontologically and epistemologically between nature and society. As most women, and indigenous people, were defined as part of nature, their labours and lives, including their care labour, were deemed to be part of nature and thereby legitimately exploitable. The authors claim that the cheapening of care arose from the separation of spheres between care work and paid work, between home and the economy, arising from the development of enclosures and the demise of the commons. What the book does not address, however, is how the exploitation of women’s domestic and care labour was not only beneficial to capitalism: men of all classes were and are beneficiaries of women’s unpaid care labour. The authors also suggest that the primary purpose of caring is to reproduce people for capitalism. But caring is not undertaken simply at the behest of capitalism. Nurturing and caring for others are defining features of humanity given the lengthy dependency of humans at birth and at times of vulnerability. The logic of care is very different to market logic.

scholarly journals Commons and the nature of modernity: towards a cosmopolitical view on craft guilds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert De Munck
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The State ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
Craft Guilds

AbstractThis paper argues that historical research on late medieval and early modern craft guilds fails to escape teleological and anachronistic views, including when they are addressed as commons or ‘institutions for collective action’. These present-day conceptual lenses do not only create idealized views on guilds, but also of the contexts in which they operated, especially the state and the market. This is especially the case with neo-institutional views on the commons, which fall back on a transhistorical rational actor, who can choose between three options for the allocation of resources and surpluses, namely the state, the market and the common. The paper shows that guilds were fundamentally entangled with both the state and the market and that their ethic implied a less utilitarian and instrumental attitude towards natural resources. The consequence of this is that the history of the guilds offers different lessons to present-day commoners than those implied by present-day research. With an eye at launching a reflection on that, I argue in favour of a cosmopolitical perspective, which invites to take fundamentally different worldviews seriously. This includes questioning our own conceptual and analytical abstractions like the state, the market and the individual, up to and including the very distinction between nature and society or nature and politics, which are at the very basis of modern science itself.

Problem Solving

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Problem Solver ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of

Problem solving refers to cognitive processing directed at achieving a goal when the problem solver does not initially know a solution method. A problem exists when someone has a goal but does not know how to achieve it. Problems can be classified as routine or non-routine, and as well-defined or ill-defined. The major cognitive processes in problem solving are representing, planning, executing, and monitoring. The major kinds of knowledge required for problem solving are facts, concepts, procedures, strategies, and beliefs. The theoretical approaches that have developed over the history of research on problem are associationism, Gestalt, and information processing. Each of these approaches involves fundamental issues in problem solving such as the nature of transfer, insight, and goal-directed heuristics, respectively. Some current research topics in problem solving include decision making, intelligence and creativity, teaching of thinking skills, expert problem solving, analogical reasoning, mathematical and scientific thinking, everyday thinking, and the cognitive neuroscience of problem solving. Common theme concerns the domain specificity of problem solving and a focus on problem solving in authentic contexts.

Ancient West Mexicos

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Beekman ◽  
Joshua D. Englehardt ◽  
Verenice Y. Heredia Espinoza
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
West Mexico ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sociocultural Processes ◽  
Vast Area

This introductory chapter provides a brief history of research on ancient west Mexico and outlines traditional archaeological conceptions of the region as exotic, unique, or “other.” It also provides a preliminary definition and spatial delimitation of the vast area known as “the west,” and a short discussion of regional chronology. In doing so, it contextualizes the constituent chapters of the volume within broader archaeological debates regarding the nature of pre-Hispanic societies in west Mexico and their role in larger, pan-Mesoamerican sociocultural processes. Like the volume itself, the introduction highlights the spatial, temporal, and cultural diversity evident throughout the region’s history. Finally, the introduction provides brief summaries of the chapters that comprise the volume, foregrounding the dialogue among the contributions and foreshadowing the synthesis presented in the conclusions, thus aiding in binding a diverse collection into a coherent whole.

History of Research in Mammalian Sexual Behavior

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 545-546
Author(s):  
Rae Silver
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of

World-Ecological Satire: Peat, Brian O'Nolan, and the Irish Free State's Energy Regime

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
Robert Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Energy Regime ◽  
Energy History ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Site ◽  
Ecological Relations ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
Human Actors ◽  
The Relationship

A world-ecological perspective of cultural production refuses a dualist conception of nature and society – which imagines nature as an external site of static outputs  – and instead foregrounds the fact that human and extra-human natures are completely intertwined. This essay seeks to reinterpret the satirical writing of a canonical figure within the Irish literary tradition, Brian O'Nolan, in light of the energy history of Ireland, understood as co-produced by both human actors and biophysical nature. How does the energy imaginary of O'Nolan's work refract and mediate the Irish environment and the socio-ecological relations shaping the fuel supply-chains that power the Irish energy regime dominant under the Irish Free State? I discuss the relationship between peat as fuel and Brian O'Nolan's pseudonymous newspaper columns, and indicate how questions about energy regimes and ecology can lead us to read his Irish language novel An Béal Bocht [The Poor Mouth] (1941) in a new light. The moments I select and analyze from O'Nolan's output feature a kind of satire that exposes the folly of separating society from nature, by presenting an exaggerated form of the myth of nature as an infinite resource.

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