scholarly journals Evaluation of a Blockchain-Enabled Resource Management Mechanism for NGNs

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Michael Xevgenis ◽  
Dimitrios G. Kogias ◽  
Ioannis Christidis ◽  
Charalampos Patrikakis ◽  
Helen C. Leligou
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Management Mechanism ◽  
New Era ◽  
Distributed Approach ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Support Resource

A new era in ICT has begun with the evolution of Next Generation Networks (NGNs) and the development of human-centric applications. Ultra-low latency, high throughput, and high availability are a few of the main characteristics of modern networks. Network Providers (NPs) are responsible for the development and maintenance of network infrastructures ready to support the most demanding applications that should be available not only in urban areas but in every corner of the earth. The NP’s must collaborate to offer high- quality services and keep their overall cost low. The collaboration among competitive entities can in principle be regulated by a trusted 3rd party or by a distributed approach/technology which can guarantee integrity, security, and trust. This paper examines the use of blockchain technology for resource management and negotiation among NPs and presents the results of experiments conducted in a dedicated real testbed. The implementation of the resource management mechanism is described in a Smart Contract (SC) and the testbeds use the Raft and the IBFT consensus mechanisms respectively. The goal of this paper is two-fold: to assess its performance in terms of transaction throughput and latency so that we can assess the granularity at which this solution can operate (e.g. support resource re-allocation among NPs on micro-service level or not) and define implementation-specific parameters like the consensus mechanism that is the most suitable for this use case based on performance metrics.

scholarly journals SLA-Based Sharing Economy Service with Smart Contract for Resource Integrity in the Internet of Things

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 3602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Hang ◽  
Do-Hyeun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Service Level Agreement ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Trading Partners

Recently, technology startups have leveraged the potential of blockchain-based technologies to govern institutions or interpersonal trust by enforcing signed treaties among different individuals in a decentralized environment. However, it is going to be hard enough convincing that the blockchain technology could completely replace the trust among trading partners in the sharing economy as sharing services always operate in a highly dynamic environment. With the rapid expanding of the rental market, the sharing economy faces more and more severe challenges in the form of regulatory uncertainty and concerns about abuses. This paper proposes an enhanced decentralized sharing economy service using the service level agreement (SLA), which documents the services the provider will furnish and defines the service standards the provider is obligated to meet. The SLA specifications are defined as the smart contract, which facilitates multi-user collaboration and automates the process with no involvement of the third party. To demonstrate the usability of the proposed solution in the sharing economy, a notebook sharing case study is implemented using the Hyperledger Fabric. The functionalities of the smart contract are tested using the Hyperledger Composer. Moreover, the efficiency of the designed approach is demonstrated through a series of experimental tests using different performance metrics.

scholarly journals SABlockFL: a blockchain-based smart agent system architecture and its application in federated learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
Zhizhao Zhang ◽  
Tianzhi Yang ◽  
Yuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Agent System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Era ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract

Purpose The purpose of this work is to bridge FL and blockchain technology through designing a blockchain-based smart agent system architecture and applying in FL. and blockchain technology through designing a blockchain-based smart agent system architecture and applying in FL. FL is an emerging collaborative machine learning technique that trains a model across multiple devices or servers holding private data samples without exchanging their data. The locally trained results are aggregated by a centralized server in a privacy-preserving way. However, there is an assumption where the centralized server is trustworthy, which is impractical. Fortunately, blockchain technology has opened a new era of data exchange among trustless strangers because of its decentralized architecture and cryptography-supported techniques. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the author proposes a novel design of a smart agent inspired by the smart contract concept. Specifically, based on the proposed smart agent, a fully decentralized, privacy-preserving and fair deep learning blockchain-FL framework is designed, where the agent network is consistent with the blockchain network and each smart agent is a participant in the FL task. During the whole training process, both the data and the model are not at the risk of leakage. Findings A demonstration of the proposed architecture is designed to train a neural network. Finally, the implementation of the proposed architecture is conducted in the Ethereum development, showing the effectiveness and applicability of the design. Originality/value The author aims to investigate the feasibility and practicality of linking the three areas together, namely, multi-agent system, FL and blockchain. A blockchain-FL framework, which is based on a smart agent system, has been proposed. The author has made several contributions to the state-of-the-art. First of all, a concrete design of a smart agent model is proposed, inspired by the smart contract concept in blockchain. The smart agent is autonomous and is able to disseminate, verify the information and execute the supported protocols. Based on the proposed smart agent model, a new architecture composed by these agents is formed, which is a blockchain network. Then, a fully decentralized, privacy-preserving and smart agent blockchain-FL framework has been proposed, where a smart agent acts as both a peer in a blockchain network and a participant in a FL task at the same time. Finally, a demonstration to train an artificial neural network is implemented to prove the effectiveness of the proposed framework.

Wearable computers open a new era in support resource management

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
S.R. Greene ◽  
C.F. Fiske
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Wearable Computers ◽  
New Era ◽  
Support Resource

Mechanism Construction of Human Resource Management based on Blockchain Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-320
Author(s):  
Long Li ◽  
Huimin Zhang ◽  
Yinhong Dong
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Management System ◽  
Management Mechanism ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Human Resource Management System ◽  
Resource Management System ◽  
Blockchain Technology

Abstract The traditional human resource management system is faced with such problems as the quality of staff recruitment can not be guaranteed, the training performance is not consistent with the actual performance, the enterprise performance appraisal is unfair, and the salary distribution is unfair, which seriously affects the enthusiasm and loyalty of employees and threatens the survival and development of enterprises. In view of the current situation and problems of human resource management system, combined with the technical characteristics of blockchain, this paper proposes a human resource management mechanism based on blockchain technology, in order to achieve the company’s human resource management system accurate, efficient, open and transparent. It is found that there is a good coupling between blockchain technology and human resource management system. This paper constructs a human resource management mechanism based on blockchain, innovates the application scenarios of blockchain technology, and provides certain guiding significance for the establishment of human resource management system and process improvement in the future.

scholarly journals Block chain Based Data Provenance in Supply chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Data Provenance ◽  
New Era ◽  
Supply Chain Networks ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Block Chain ◽  
Initial Uncertainty

Blockchain technology as an infrastructure allows an innovational platform for a new transparent and decentralized transaction mechanism for different type of industries and businesses. Different attributes of blockchain technology increase trust through traceability and transparency ability of goods, data and financial resources within any transaction. Regardless of initial uncertainty about this technology, government and many major enterprises and firms have recently examined the adoption and improvement of this technology in several areas of applications, from social, legal and finance industries to manufacturing, design and supply-chain networks. An interesting research problem in this new era is that of determining provenance. At present, goods which are produced and transported using complicated medium supply chains, in this type of supply chain it is impossible to evaluate the provenance of physical goods. We have an interest in the blockchain as there are numerous favored use cases of blockchain especially for provenance tracking. In this paper we review the basics features of the blockchain along with its type like permission less and permissioned blockchain. Then discussed the need of provenance of assets in supplychain as it increase the trust of the customer and proposed a process and architecture for providing the data provenance in supply chain with blockchain using smart contract.

scholarly journals Towards Analyzing the Complexity Landscape of Solidity Based Ethereum Smart Contracts

Technologies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Hegedűs
Keyword(s):  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Management Mechanism ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Need Analysis ◽  
Prototype Tool ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Analysis Tools ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
Dependency Management

Blockchain-based decentralized cryptocurrency platforms are currently one of the hottest topics in technology. Although most of the interest is generated by cryptocurrency related activities, it is becoming apparent that a much wider spectrum of applications can leverage the blockchain technology. The primary concepts enabling such general use of the blockchain are the so-called smart contracts, which are special programs that run on the blockchain. One of the most popular blockchain platforms that supports smart contracts is Ethereum. As smart contracts typically handle money, ensuring their low number of faults and vulnerabilities are essential. To aid smart contract developers and help to mature the technology, we need analysis tools and studies for smart contracts. As an initiative for this, we propose the adoption of some well-known OO metrics for Solidity smart contracts. Furthermore, we analyze more than 40 thousand Solidity source files with our prototype tool. The results suggest that smart contract programs are short, neither overly complex nor coupled too much, do not rely heavily on inheritance, and either quite well-commented or not commented at all. Moreover, smart contracts could benefit from an external library and dependency management mechanism, as more than 85% of the defined libraries in Solidity files code the same functionalities.

scholarly journals Smart Contracts in the New Era of Contract Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-24
Author(s):  
Alexandros A. Papantoniou
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
New Era ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract

This essay examines whether smart contract innovation is capable of displacing the orthodox adherence to traditional contracts. This examination is underpinned by an analysis of the legality of smart contracts, through which it is exemplified that smart contracts ought to be considered legally binding instruments. The essay proceeds to explore the superiority of smart contracting on a technical and theoretical basis. The advantages generated through smart contract automaticity and enforceability present a concrete basis for undermining reliance on traditional contracts. Blockchain Technology also enhances the benefits of smart contracts by acting as a smart contract enabler through guaranteed performance and enforceability. Nevertheless, such novel technologies inevitably suffer from several shortcomings. This essay considers examples which illustrate the inflexibility of smart contracting. Apart from being susceptible to hacking and code exploitation, smart contracting is unable to deal with ambiguities and potential modifications. Overall, this suggests that the advantages of smart contract practice are currently confined to some specified limited scenarios. Smart contracts perform a different function to traditional contracting by merely guaranteeing technical enforceability as opposed to legal enforceability. This essay thus concludes that, for the time being, it is best to regard smart contracting as a supplement to traditional contracts rather than an outright displacement.

An Empirical Result Analysis of Dynamic Weighted Live Migration Mechanism for Load Balancing in Cloud Computing

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Sandeep Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Load Balancing ◽  
Service Level Agreement ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Live Migration ◽  
Management Mechanism ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Load Imbalance

Load management of resources during high load demand managed by load management mechanism. An efficacious resource management algorithm effectively manages the load imbalance. Virtual Machine (VM) migration policy can maximize the throughput of the Cloud. Overloaded User Base (UB) high resource request increases the waiting time of the task and decreases the throughput. Task migration from high loaded VM to low loaded VM help to decrease the queue size and increase the throughput of the system. Effective resource management mechanism improves the performance and reduces the service level agreement (SLA) violations. Although researchers did the lot of work to manage load imbalance, but still need improvement. In this paper, proposed Dynamic weighted Live Migration (DWLM) Load balancing algorithm to manage the load imbalance problem. The proposed experiment result compares with another two algorithms. DWLM gives the better experiment results in Throughput, Migration time, Scalability and Fault Tolerance matrices.

Distributed approach to dynamic resource management based on temporal influence

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline M. Berry ◽  
Berthe Y. Choueiry ◽  
Lamia Friha
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Distributed Approach ◽  
Dynamic Resource Management ◽  
Temporal Influence ◽  
Dynamic Resource
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