Short-term supervised virtual training maintains intensity of effort and represents an efficacious alternative to traditional studio-based supervised strength training

SummaryA lightweight bracelet that provides tactile stimulation to the horse’s pastern and coronet induces a higher flight arc of the hoof. This study addresses the pattern of habituation to these devices. Objective: To evaluate short-term habituation to tactile stimulation of the pastern and coronet in trotting horses. Methods: Tactile stimulation was provided by a lightweight (55 g) device consisting of a strap with seven chains that was attached loosely around the pastern. Reflective markers were fixed to the dorsal hoof wall, the forehead and over the tenth thoracic vertebra of eight sound horses. The horses trotted in hand 10 times at a consistent velocity along a 30 m runway under three conditions applied in random order at two-hour intervals: no stimulators, stimulators on both front hooves or stimulators on both hind hooves. One stride per trial was analyzed to determine peak hoof heights in the swing phase. Sequential trials with stimulators were compared with unstimulated trials using a nested ANCOVA and Bonferronni’s post hoc test (P<0.005). Results: Peak hind hoof height increased significantly for all 10 trials when wearing hind stimulators, whereas peak fore hoof height increased during the first six trials only when wearing fore stimulators. The first trial with stimulators showed the greatest elevation, followed by a rapid decrease over the next three trials and then a more gradual decrease. Conclusions: If the goal is to facilitate a generalized muscular response, a short burst of tactile stimulation is likely to be most effective, whereas longer periods of stimulation will be more effective for strength training.

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The short-term effect of high versus moderate protein intake on recovery after strength training in resistance-trained individuals

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s12970-017-0201-z ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Justin Roberts ◽

Anastasia Zinchenko ◽

Craig Suckling ◽

Lee Smith ◽

James Johnstone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Strength Training ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Term Effect ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Effect

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Strength exercise reduces hepatic pyruvate carboxylase and gluconeogenesis in DIO mice

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-20-0193 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 247 (2) ◽

pp. 127-138

Author(s):

Rodrigo Martins Pereira ◽

Kellen Cristina da Cruz Rodrigues ◽

Marcella Ramos Sant’Ana ◽

Guilherme Francisco Peruca ◽

Ana Paula Morelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Strength Training ◽

Pyruvate Carboxylase ◽

Hepatic Glucose Production ◽

Glucose Production ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Strength Exercise ◽

Term Strength ◽

Short Term ◽

Hepatic Glucose ◽

Short Term Strength

Obesity is linked to a reduction in the control of hepatic glucose production, which is the primary mechanism related to fasting hyperglycemia and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The main system involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis synthesis is controlled by pyruvate carboxylase (PC), which increases in obesity conditions. Recently, we showed that short-term strength training is an important tool against obesity-induced hyperglycemia. As aerobic exercise can reduce the hepatic PC content of obese animals, we hypothesized that strength exercise can also decrease this gluconeogenic enzyme. Therefore, this study investigated whether the metabolic benefits promoted by short-term strength training are related to changes in hepatic PC content. Swiss mice were divided into three groups: lean control (Ctl), obese sedentary (ObS), and obese short-term strength training (STST). The STST protocol was performed through one session/day for 15 days. The obese exercised animals had reduced hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. These results were related to better control of hepatic glucose production and hepatic insulin sensitivity. Our bioinformatics analysis showed that hepatic PC mRNA levels have positive correlations with glucose levels and adiposity, and negative correlations with locomotor activity and muscle mass. We also found that hepatic mRNA levels are related to lipogenic markers in the liver. Finally, we observed that the obese animals had an increased hepatic PC level; however, STST was efficient in reducing its amount. In conclusion, we provide insights into new biomolecular mechanisms by showing how STST is an efficient tool against obesity-related hyperglycemia and T2DM, even without body weight changes.

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Short-term strength training reduces gluconeogenesis and NAFLD in obese mice

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-18-0567 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 241 (1) ◽

pp. 59-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rodrigo Martins Pereira ◽

Kellen Cristina da Cruz Rodrigues ◽

Chadi Pellegrini Anaruma ◽

Marcella Ramos Sant’Ana ◽

Thaís Dantis Pereira de Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Strength Training ◽

Term Strength ◽

Obese Mice ◽

Short Term ◽

Fat Accumulation ◽

Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Short Term Strength ◽

Hepatic Fat

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a positive correlation with obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The aerobic training is an important tool in combating NAFLD. However, no studies have demonstrated the molecular effects of short-term strength training on the accumulation of hepatic fat in obese mice. This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term strength training on the mechanisms of oxidation and lipid synthesis in the liver of obese mice. The short duration protocol was used to avoid changing the amount of adipose tissue. Swiss mice were separated into three groups: lean control (CTL), sedentary obese (OB) and strength training obese (STO). The obese groups were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and the STO group performed the strength training protocol 1 session/day for 15 days. The short-term strength training reduced hepatic fat accumulation, increasing hepatic insulin sensitivity and controlling hepatic glucose production. The obese animals increased the mRNA of lipogenic genes Fasn and Scd1 and reduced the oxidative genes Cpt1a and Ppara. On the other hand, the STO group presented the opposite results. Finally, the obese animals presented higher levels of lipogenic proteins (ACC and FAS) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), but the short-term strength training was efficient in reducing this condition, regardless of body weight loss. In conclusion, there was a reduction of obesity-related hepatic lipogenesis and inflammation after short-term strength training, independent of weight loss, leading to improvements in hepatic insulin sensitivity and glycemic homeostasis in obese mice. Key points: (1) Short-term strength training (STST) reduced fat accumulation and inflammation in the liver; (2) Hepatic insulin sensitivity and HPG control were increased with STST; (3) The content and activity of ACC and content of FAS were reduced with STST; (4) STST improved hepatic fat accumulation and glycemic homeostasis; (5) STST effects were observed independently of body weight change.

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