scholarly journals Classicisms of Color: Transatlantic Exchanges in African and American Traditional Architecture

2021 ◽  
pp. 437-451
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Robert Walker
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
African American ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Classical Architecture ◽  
Beautiful City

The beautiful city of Charleston, South Carolina, was built by enslaved Africans, and the painful historical connections between classical architecture and slavery have encouraged some critics to see classicism as racist. Contemporary black artist Jonathan Green, however, proposed a new way of viewing Charleston’s buildings: as a testament to black creativity and resilience that fused African architectural traditions, such as colonnaded porches and metalwork, with European ones. Following Green, this essay traces a number of trans-Atlantic architectural connections forged during the age of empires. Many different African nations, from Ethiopia to Ghana, developed great classical architectures that traveled to Europe and America through the migration of people or the publication of books. African-American designs also returned to Africa, sometimes with European accents, and found compatibility with indigenous traditions. As Green asserted, a beautiful truth emerges from this study: traditional architecture is bigger than racism. It is African, American, and human.

Contesting Commemorative Landscapes: Confederate Monuments and Trajectories of Change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Simko ◽  
David Cunningham ◽  
Nicole Fox
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
African American ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
African American Church ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Dependent Process ◽  
Trajectories Of Change ◽  
Path Dependent ◽  
Path Dependent Process

Abstract Following the racially motivated shootings at an African American church in Charleston, South Carolina, in 2015, a wave of contentious campaigns around Confederate statuary emerged, or at least intensified, in communities across the country. Yet local struggles have culminated in vastly different alterations to the built environment. This paper develops a framework for differentiating distinct “modes of recontextualization” rooted in the relocation and/or modification of commemorative objects. Building on models of memory as an iterative, path-dependent process, we track recontextualization efforts in three communities—St. Louis, Missouri; Oxford, Mississippi; and Austin, Texas—documenting how each mode alters the meaning of contested symbols. An analysis of local news sources in the year following recontextualization shows how each mode exerts identifiable proximate effects on broader political debates and, through that process, structures the horizon of possibility for longer-range outcomes. 

Severity of household food insecurity and lifetime racial discrimination among African-American households in South Carolina

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Burke ◽  
Sonya J. Jones ◽  
Edward A. Frongillo ◽  
Maryah S. Fram ◽  
Christine E. Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
African American ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Food

Colonial and Revolutionary United States

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Littlefield
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
African American ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
American Population ◽  
American Institution ◽  
African American Population ◽  
Low Country

This article reviews scholarship on the history and historiography of slavery in colonial and revolutionary United States. Slavery was a southern American institution associated primarily with cotton and a divinely ordained labour force of blacks. Southerners in the Chesapeake might realize that slaves once produced tobacco, and in low-country South Carolina and Georgia that they once grew rice, and in southern Louisiana that they once raised sugar cane, but most people, when they thought about slavery at all, thought about the growing of cotton and reckoned that an African workforce required no explanation. Few knew that at one time slavery lived in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, that it had been vibrant in New York and Pennsylvania, and that slaves still worked in New Jersey in 1860. Even in the South, where the presence of a significant African-American population made the heritage of slavery undeniable and people generally recognized the meaning of that fact, most understood neither slavery's age nor its origins.

Jenkins, Esau

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadye L. M. Logan
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Families ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Low Country ◽  
American Families

Esau Jenkins (1910–1972) was a grass-roots activist who used a community-based approach to aid the oppressed and impoverished African American families and children in the low country regions of South Carolina.

At Freedom's Door: African American Founding Fathers and Lawyers in Reconstruction South Carolina

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Charles Vincent ◽  
James Lowell Underwood ◽  
W. Lewis Burke
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
African American ◽  
American Founding ◽  
Founding Fathers

scholarly journals Profound Vitamin D Deficiency in a Diverse Group of Women during Pregnancy Living in a Sun-Rich Environment at Latitude 32°N

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart A. Hamilton ◽  
Rebecca McNeil ◽  
Bruce W. Hollis ◽  
Deborah J. Davis ◽  
Joyce Winkler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
African American ◽  
Community Health ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Community Health Centers ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Diverse Group

Objective: Determine prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in a diverse group of women presenting for obstetrical care at two community health centers in South Carolina at latitude 32°N.Methods and Design: Any pregnant woman presenting for care at 2 community health centers was eligible to participate. Sociodemographic and clinical history were recorded. A single blood sample was taken to measure circulating 25(OH)D as indicator of vitamin D status [25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L deficiency; <32 ng/mL (80 nmol/L) insufficiency]. Total serum calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, and intact parathyroid hormone also were measured.Results: 559 women, [mean age 25.0 ± 5.4 (range 14–43) years] participated: African American (48%), Hispanic (38%), Caucasian/Other (14%). Mean gestational age was 18.5 ± 8.4 (median 14.6, range 6.4–39.6) weeks' gestation. 48% were VDD; an additional 37% insufficient. Greatest degree was in the African American women (68% deficient; 94% insufficient). In multivariable regression, 25(OH)D retained a significant negative association with PTH (P<.001).Conclusions: VDD was high in a diverse group of women, greatest in those of darker pigmentation. The negative correlation between 25(OH)D and PTH confirms their corroborative use as biomarkers of VDD. These findings raise the issue of adequacy of current vitamin D recommendations for pregnant women.

Atlantic Bonds: A Nineteenth-Century Odyssey from America to Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
African American ◽  
African Diaspora ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
White Racism ◽  
Political Autonomy ◽  
American Immigrant ◽  
Politically Active

Through the contextualized biography of a previously unknown African American immigrant to Africa, this book illuminates slavery and freedom in multiple parts of the nineteenth century Atlantic world. A decade before the American Civil War, James Churchwill Vaughan (1828-93) set out to fulfill his formerly enslaved father’s dying wish: that he should leave his home in South Carolina for a new life in Africa. Over the next forty years, Vaughan was taken captive, fought in African wars, built and rebuilt a livelihood, and led a revolt against white racism, finally becoming a successful merchant and founder of a wealthy, educated, and politically active family in Lagos, Nigeria. Tracing Vaughan’s journey from South Carolina to Liberia to several parts of Yorubaland (present-day southwestern Nigeria), the book documents this “free” man’s struggle to find economic and political autonomy in an era when freedom was not clear and unhindered anywhere for people of African descent. By following Vaughan’s transatlantic journeys and comparing his experiences to those of his parents, contemporaries, and descendants in Nigeria and South Carolina, the book reveals the expansive reach of slavery, the ambiguities of freedom, and the surprising ways that Africa, rather than America, offered new opportunities for people of the African diaspora.

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