scholarly journals Echinococcus granulosus Antibodies in Dogs and Breeder practices promoting spread of infection in Plateau State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Rebecca P. Weka
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Public Health Significance ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Background: Echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus is a zoonotic disease of public health significance, but there have been few studies of the infection in dogs in Nigeria. This study aimed to establish the seroprevalence of E. granulosus in dogs in four Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 179 dog sera were examined for the presence of E. granulosus antibody using an ELISA kit between May to October 2017. Results; Eleven of the sera (6.1%) were seropositive with a prevalence of 7.4% and 2.3% for dogs less than 2 years and those above 2 years of age respectively. More male dogs (7.5%) than females (4.1%) were seropositive. Seroprevalence was associated with <2years than > 2 years dogs (OR=3.33, p=0.46) and male than female dogs (OR=1.90, p=0.53) but association were not significant. Dogs from Bassa had the highest seroprevalence (15.2%), followed by Mangu (5.9%), Kanke (4.8%) and Jos South (2.0%). Odds ratio showed an association which was not significant between Bassa (OR=3.3), Kanke (OR=2.50). Conclusion: This study shows that E. granulosus infection is present in dogs in some parts of Plateau State. More studies should be done to ascertain echinococcus infection in dogs in Nigeria to aid the formulation of control programmes to forestall its public health impacts.

scholarly journals Public health significance of echinococcosis

Meso ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-166
Author(s):  
Anamarija Pejnović ◽  
Bela Njari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Public Health Significance ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Health Significance

Echinococcosis is a cosmopolitan zoonosis caused by infection with adult larval form of Echinococcus granulosus, a cause of unilocular echinococcosis (hydatidosis), or, less often, Echinococcus multilocularis, a cause of multilocular echinococcosis (alveolar echinococcosis). Humans act as intermediate hosts and are infected through direct contact with definitive hosts, namely parasite-infested dogs. Echinococcosis is a disease that is prevalent throughout the world, including Croatia. As such it is categorized as a disease of great significance for public health. A timely and valid laboratory diagnostic testing to determine its seroprevalence is therefore of clinical and epidemiological importance in order to successfully monitor, control and treat the disease. Although sometimes limited, serological testing is increasingly used and ought to be accepted and implemented should the disease be suspected. In view of the above, within this study we have analysed IgG subclass antibodies of 599 patient serum samples by using the ELISA assay during 2015 to determine the presence of Echinococcus granulosus. Obtained results indicated that 6 % of samples were positive, 11 % borderline and 83 % negative. All ELISA reactive samples were further confirmed using the Western blot (WB) assay. By applying these procedures we have established that 14/599 samples were positive and calculated the prevalence of 2.3 % in general population (4.25 % among male and 4.8 % among female patients). The analysis of results according to age showed that the majority of tested patients and the highest seroprevalence determined by WB procedure for general population pertained to the age group of 61 years and older (4.1 %).

Epidemiology and Course of Eating Disorders

2010 ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Keel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
The Public ◽  
Purging Disorder ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Public Health Significance ◽  
Health Significance

The epidemiology of eating disorders holds important clues for understanding factors that may contribute to their etiology. In addition, epidemiological findings speak to the public health significance of these deleterious syndromes. Information on course and outcome are important for clinicians to understand the prognosis associated with different disorders of eating and for treatment planning. This chapter reviews information on the epidemiology and course of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and two forms of eating disorder not otherwise specified, binge eating disorder and purging disorder.

scholarly journals Prioritization of zoonotic diseases of public health significance in Nigeria using the one-health approach

One Health ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100257
Author(s):  
Chikwe Ihekweazu ◽  
Charles Akataobi Michael ◽  
Patrick M. Nguku ◽  
Ndadilnasiya Endie Waziri ◽  
Abdulrazaq Garba Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
One Health ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Public Health Significance ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
The One

scholarly journals Vector-Borne Pathogens with Veterinary and Public Health Significance in Melophagus ovinus (Sheep Ked) from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Qing-Xun Zhang ◽  
Ye Wang ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Shu-Yi Han ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Public Health Significance ◽  
Melophagus Ovinus ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Melophagus ovinus (sheep ked) is a hematophagous ectoparasite that mainly parasitizes sheep. In addition to causing inflammation, wool loss, and skin damage to the animal hosts, M. ovinus also serves as a vector for a variety of pathogens and is highly likely to participate in the life and transmission cycle of pathogenic organisms. Herein, we investigated the presence and molecular characterization of vector-borne pathogens in M. ovinus from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. A total of 92 M. ovinus pools collected from the Qinghai province of China were screened for the presence of selected vector-borne pathogens. The overall positive rate of A. ovis, A. bovis, A. phagocytophilum, and T. ovis in M. ovinus was 39.1%, 17.4%, 9.8%, and 89.1%, respectively. All of the samples were negative for Border disease virus (BDV), other Anaplasma species, Babesia spp., Rickettsia spp., and Borrelia spp. Co-infection of different Anaplasma species and T. ovis occurred in 51.2% of all samples with T. ovis. The positive rates of A. ovis, A. bovis, and A. phagocytophilum in different regions and altitudes of the sampling sites were significantly different. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of target genes confirmed their identity with corresponding pathogens. Our results elucidate the occurrence and molecular characterization of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in M. ovinus, which could act as potential zoonotic reservoirs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the detection of A. bovis and A. phagocytophilum DNA in M. ovinus. This study gives the first extensive molecular survey of vector-borne pathogens with veterinary and public health significance in M. ovinus from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China.

scholarly journals Prevalence assessment of ectoparasitic arthropods among commonly consumed wildlife in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Uchenna Ozioko ◽  
Chris Ikem Okoye ◽  
Patience Obiageli Ubachukwu ◽  
Raymond Awudu Agbu ◽  
Bede Izuchukwu Ezewudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wild Game ◽  
Wildlife Reservoirs ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Ixodes Holocyclus ◽  
Public Health Significance ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract Background Wildlife reservoirs not only act as a source of infection for vectors but also serve as hosts for the vectors themselves, supporting their populations. Their public health significance in developing countries is of growing importance as a result of zoonotic and enzootic diseases associated with the pathogens they transmit. Therefore, a study was carried out to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites of wild game in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria. Physical examinations were carried out on 143 wildlife, and laboratory identification was employed on the ectoparasites. The collected ectoparasites were identified in the laboratory using literature and with the help of a taxonomist. Results Out of the 143 game examined, 114 was infected with at least one parasite representing about 98.6% of an infestation. Among the parasites identified, Amblyomma spp. showed the highest prevalence of 24.5% at 95% confidential intervals of CI (1.45–3.19)–24.5% (p ≤ 0.05). No difference was observed in the prevalence of the ectoparasites according to sex, except for Ixodes holocyclus. Similarly, no difference was observed in prevalence with reference to age except for Rhipicephalus spp. and Polyplax spinulosa which showed differences. Conclusions The present study provides basic data about the most prevalent ectoparasitic arthropod among game in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria, which requires an evaluation of its zoonotic control measures. This work can elicit the risk of possible transmission of some zoonotic and enzootic diseases via game. Improving awareness among local people and bushmeat dealers about the risk of contracting a vector-borne disease through wildlife is crucial.

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