Differences in Male and Female Texas Community College First-time-in-College Part-Time Students Over Time: A Multiyear, Statewide Analysis

In this multiyear, statewide investigation, the extent to which enrollment rates of male and female, part-time, first-time-in-college students enrolled in Texas community colleges differed from the 2003-2004 academic year to the 2018-2019 academic year was determined. From the 2003-2004 academic year to the 2011-2012 academic year, statistically significant differences were identified in the enrollment rates of both male and female, part-time, first-time-in-college students. Cohen’s d effect sizes, calculated for both male and female, part-time students, were small (0.22). Enrollment rates for male and female, part-time, first-time-in-college students from the 2011-2012 academic year to the 2018-2019 academic year and from the 2003-2004 academic year to the 2018-2019 academic year were similar. Enrollment rates for male and female, part-time, first-time-in-college students enrolled in Texas community colleges remained consistently around 45% and 55%, respectively, during the 16 academic year span. Recommendations for future research as well as implications for policy were discussed.

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Quantifying the Impact of Student Enrollment Patterns on Academic Success Using a Hidden Markov Model

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11146453 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 6453

Author(s):

Shahab Boumi ◽

Adan Ernesto Vela

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Academic Performance ◽

Academic Success ◽

Transfer Students ◽

Full Time ◽

Enrollment Patterns ◽

Part Time Students ◽

Part Time ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time

Simplified classifications have often led to college students being labeled as full-time or part-time students. However, student enrollment patterns can be much more complicated at many universities, as it is common for students to switch between full-time and part-time enrollment each semester based on finances, scheduling, or family needs. While previous studies have identified part-time enrollment as a risk factor to students’ academic success, limited research has examined the impact of enrollment patterns or strategies on academic performance. Unlike traditional methods that use a single-period model to classify students into full-time and part-time categories, in this study, we apply an advanced multi-period dynamic approach using a Hidden Markov Model to distinguish and cluster students’ enrollment strategies into three categories: full-time, part-time, and mixed. We then investigate and compare the academic performance outcomes of each group based on their enrollment strategies while taking into account student type (i.e., first-time-in-college students and transfer students). Analysis of undergraduate student records data collected at the University of Central Florida from 2008 to 2017 shows that the academic performance of first-time-in-college students who apply a mixed enrollment strategy is closer to that of full-time students, as compared to part-time students. Moreover, during their part-time semesters, mixed-enrollment students significantly outperform part-time students. Similarly, analysis of transfer students shows that a mixed-enrollment strategy is correlated with similar graduation rates as the full-time enrollment strategy and more than double the graduation rate associated with part-time enrollment. This finding suggests that part-time students can achieve better overall outcomes by increased engagement through occasional full-time enrollments.

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Looking beyond Average Earnings: Why Are Male and Female Part-Time Employees in the UK More Likely to Be Low Paid Than Their Full-Time Counterparts?

Work Employment and Society ◽

10.1177/0950017018796471 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 131-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Madeline Nightingale

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Full Time ◽

Pay Gap ◽

Unequal Distribution ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Part ◽

Part Time ◽

The Uk ◽

Low Pay

This article uses Labour Force Survey data to examine why male and female part-time employees in the UK are more likely to be low paid than their full-time counterparts. This ‘low pay penalty’ is found to be just as large, if not larger, for men compared to women. For both men and women, differences in worker characteristics account for a relatively small proportion of the part-time low pay gap. Of greater importance is the unequal distribution of part-time jobs across the labour market, in particular the close relationship between part-time employment and social class. Using a selection model to adjust for the individual’s estimated propensity to be in (full-time) employment adds a modest amount of explanatory power. Particularly for men, a large ‘unexplained’ component is identified, indicating that even with a similar human capital and labour market profile part-time workers are more likely than full-time workers to be low paid.

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The forgotten labour force: Characteristics and trends for older female part-time workers in Ireland

The Irish Journal of Management ◽

10.2478/ijm-2010-0006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 47-60

Author(s):

Maeve O’Sullivan ◽

Christine Cross ◽

Jonathan Lavelle

Keyword(s):

Work Experience ◽

Labour Force ◽

Labour Force Participation ◽

Female Labour ◽

Female Workers ◽

Female Part ◽

Part Time ◽

Key Variables ◽

First Time ◽

Force Characteristics

AbstractChanging labour markets, educational attainment, work experience, constraints and preferences have all been proposed to explain the features of contemporary female labour force participation. This engagement has been characterised as part-time and segregated in low status, poorly paid jobs. Despite the fact that almost half of all older female workers are employed part-time, there is a dearth of information on who these workers are (the forgotten labour force) and what, if anything has changed over time for this cohort. For the first time, key variables are drawn from three labour force datasets over a 16-year period to provide a likely profile of the older female part-time worker, highlight where they work and in what capacity, as well as shedding light on what has changed over this period. This trend analysis highlights significant changes for this worker cohort, the implications of which are discussed from individual, organisational and societal perspectives.

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What Makes First-time Transfer Students Different from First-time-in-College Students

10.18260/p.25064 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

So Yoon Yoon ◽

Monica Cortez ◽

Teri Reed ◽

P.K. Imbrie

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Transfer Students ◽

Time Transfer ◽

First Time ◽

First Time In College

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What Happens to Underprepared First-Time-in-College Students When Developmental Education is Optional? The Case of Developmental Math and Intermediate Algebra in the First Semester

The Journal of Higher Education ◽

10.1080/00221546.2017.1390970 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 318-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Toby Park ◽

Chenoa S. Woods ◽

Shouping Hu ◽

Tamara Bertrand Jones ◽

David Tandberg

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Developmental Education ◽

Developmental Math ◽

First Semester ◽

Intermediate Algebra ◽

First Time ◽

First Time In College

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The Final Transformation in Massachusetts: Market Pressures, Fiscal Crises, and Business Influences, 1971-1985

The Diverted Dream ◽

10.1093/oso/9780195048155.003.0012 ◽

1989 ◽

Author(s):

Steven Brint ◽

Jerome Karabel

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Community College ◽

Community Colleges ◽

Community College Students ◽

Two Year Colleges ◽

College And University ◽

Two Year College ◽

Enrollment Rates ◽

The Absolute ◽

The University

The focus of this chapter is on the shift toward predominantly vocational enrollments in the 1970s, brought on by the combined pressures of market decline, state fiscal crisis, and the political ascendance of conservative business leaders. Nevertheless, it would be misleading to suggest that contrary forces were not in evidence at least in the first few years of the 1970s. The most important of these contrary pressures was the sheer growth of the community college and university systems, which, for a time, encouraged an increase in the absolute numbers of transfers. The community colleges in Massachusetts proved to be at least as attractive in a period of economic retrenchment as they had been in better times. Low-cost, close-to-home two-year colleges were a practical alternative to more expensive higher education. Between 1970 and 1973, the community colleges’ full-time enrollment increased by over one-third, and the other two tiers grew slightly less rapidly. As the system became more vocational in the late 1960s, it also grew. Because of this growth, the absolute number of community college students who transferred to four-year colleges increased, even though the transfer enrollment rates were slowly declining. The number of community college students transferring to the University at Massachusetts at Amherst, for example, increased from just 80 in 1964, when only seven community college campuses were open, to 425 in 1970 and then to 950 in 1972, when twelve campuses were operating at full capacity. In 1973, at the peak of transfer enrollments, 1,165 public two-year college students enrolled at the University of Massachusetts; 680 enrolled in the state colleges; and 525 enrolled in four-year private colleges in Massachusetts.2 Although never more than a small fraction of total community college enrollments, transfer rates did rise dramatically, from approximately 12.5 percent of the sophomore class in 1964 (a rate congenial to the original planners) to nearly 30 percent of the sophomore class in 1973 (Beales 1974). The nationwide decline in the market for college-educated labor in the early 1970s hit Massachusetts with slightly greater force than in other states, being reinforced by a recession in the newly emerging high-technology belt around Boston that was related to the winding down of the war in Southeast Asia.

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Assessing the Importance of Male and Female Part-Time Work for the Gender Earnings Gap in Britain

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1012322 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Karen A. Mumford ◽

Peter N. Smith

Keyword(s):

Male And Female ◽

Gender Earnings Gap ◽

Earnings Gap ◽

Time Work ◽

Female Part ◽

Part Time ◽

Part Time Work

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Differences in Ethnic/Racial Diversity of Texas Community College First-Time in College Full-Time Students Over Time: A Multiyear, Statewide Analysis

Asian Journal of Interdisciplinary Research ◽

10.34256/ajir2015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 62-82

Author(s):

Juan Carlos Lebron ◽

John R Slate ◽

Frederick C Lunenburg

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Community College ◽

Community College Students ◽

Empirical Investigation ◽

Racial Diversity ◽

Full Time ◽

Time Period ◽

First Time ◽

First Time In College ◽

Over Time

In this multiyear, statewide empirical investigation, the degree to which ethnic/racial diversity of first-time in college full-time Texas community college students changed from the 1999-2000 through the 2014-2015 academic years was determined. Over this time period, the percentage of Hispanic first-time in college full-time Texas community college students showed a statistically significant increase, whereas the percentage of White first-time in college full-time students statistically significantly decreased. No changes were noted with respect to either Black or Asian first-time in college full-time college students during this time period. Although some improvement was noted in the ethnic-racial diversity of Texas first-time in college full-time students, more work remains. Implications for policy and recommendations for research were provided.

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