scholarly journals A homoeopathic drug proving of Carcharhinus leucas 30CH and a subsequent comparison to the doctrine of signatures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ismaeel Firdaus Khan
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Shark Species ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
Carcharhinus Leucas ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Subsequent Comparison ◽  
Doctrine Of Signatures

When one thinks of a homoeopathic proving one is overwhelmed with the idea of a well-defined and revised linear structured process governing a select group of participants of various racial, sex and age variation, spanning a period of time no shorter than a month with strict parameters for optimum perception of experience. One anticipates the result being a compendium of thoughts and actions and processes constructive and destructive, all documented and confined to a small black book carried and completed by the prover and assembled meticulously by the researcher guided through the experienced hand of the research supervisor. This research followed this impeccable oft repeated and fine-tuned standard. This research seeks to reinforce the efficacy of the established proving process by utilising the methodology as a guide to maximally elicit the numerous symptoms of a new unproved substance of a kingdom that has yet to truly be explored, understood, and conquered. Aim The true goal of this research is that through learning and understanding and growing one develops and seeks new avenues of cure in the homoeopathic profession, which is ultimately to the benefit of a fledgling developing science, and to humanity, with the aim of activating a true cure. The topic being investigated is a homoeopathic proving of Carcharhinus leucas 30CH followed by a subsequent comparison to the Doctrine of Signatures. The idea behind this topic was a colleague and co-researcher’s interest with the shark species which then developed into a passion and has, through diligence and timeous effort of both researchers, led to a new avenue of understanding and a wealth of ideas in terms of a possible cure. The sea kingdom itself although rich and bountiful in species of sea inhabitants and vegetation has been a scarce source of homoeopathic remedies with few major remedies being derived from this abundant reservoir. This study, then, can help fill this gap. Methodology On initiating any new proving the methodology has to be of the strictest standard. The process has to be simple, clearly defined, and easily followable, so that the symptoms produced are clear and well defined to provide the best possible materia medica. This can then serve as a strong base for reference and further study and experimentation in clinical practice, as well as a basis for variations of the proving to seek different answers. The proving process followed a standard procedure to regulate the process to provide an optimum environment for the extraction of symptoms for defining a materia medica. The study was a double-blind placebo controlled clinical homoeopathic proving with a sample of 30 provers in good health. On completion of the proving a further task of comparing the proving results to the Doctrine of Signatures was undertaken to reaffirm the knowledge gained through the proving process. Result All of which, after assembly, has resulted in another homoeopathic materia medica production, an Iliad overflowing in new knowledge to propel a generation of homoeopaths in a progressive direction of further enlightenment and, Allah willing, greater curative capacity

A homoeopathic drug proving of Hoodia gordonii 30CH, with a subsequent comparison of proving symptomatology to its toxicology as a raw substance and to homoeopathic remedies of repertorial similarity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tembeka Stella Swana-Sikwata
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hoodia Gordonii ◽  
Subsequent Comparison

Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Hoodia gordonii 30CH on healthy provers, and to record the clearly observable signs and symptoms produced and the subsequent comparison to its toxicology as a raw substance and to homoeopathic remedies of reportorial similarity. Methodology The investigation was a randomised, double-blind placebo controlled trial, using the substance in the 30th potency. This was prepared according to the German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia. A sample of 20 provers, in good health, was recruited. Sixteen received verum as the experimental group and four in the control group received a placebo. Each of the 20 provers received a journal in which they recorded symptoms on a daily basis for a period of six weeks, including a one week observation prior to taking the powders, and a period of five weeks after administration of the powders. The information from the journals and case histories was edited, collated and translated into materia medica and repertory language and used to compile a proving profile of the remedy by qualitative methods. The remedy was only revealed to the participants after completion of the proving study period. The researcher compared the similarities and new symptoms of the remedy with the existing knowledge of its toxicology to prove the first hypothesis. A detailed and extensive literature review of Hoodia gordonii’s unique characteristics was conducted. A further comparison with other similar remedies according to the highest numerical number of rubrics on repertorisation was conducted. Results The proving remedy produced a wide variety of symptoms on the mental, emotional and physical levels of which many had polarities. In broad terms the following were identified from the proving symptoms of Hoodia gordonii: • Increased confidence and feeling refreshed, renewed energy, cheerfulness, concentration, alertness, calm, forgetfulness, unhappy, sadness and depression with desire to be left alone. • Anxiety for unknown reason and for the future, about finances; restlessness and busyness. • Tiredness, fatigue and exhaustion. • Positive feeling regarding home and family. • Mental exhaustion and aversion to study. • Common sensations were throbbing, pulsating, sharp, aching, heat, pressing, heavy, pulling, splitting, cramps. • Perceived attack or danger in dreams. • Painless diarrhea and constipation, nausea, headaches, vertigo, sore red eyes, nasal congestion and sinuses, toothache, tonsillitis and dryness of throat; bronchitis, heart palpitations. • Menses with breast tenderness and increased sexual stimulation, joint pain. • Unquenchable thirst, polyuria, appetite increase and decrease, sleeplessness and sleepiness with deep sleep, cold, increase perspiration, influenza and depressed immune function. Conclusion The data obtained from this proving study of Hoodia gordonii when comparing the new symptoms of the remedy with similarities to the existing knowledge of its toxicology proved the first hypothesis to be true. Three hundred and twenty four rubrics were produced and 17 were new rubrics; of these a total of 20 rubrics that represented the essence of the remedy were selected and used in the repertorisation process. A comparison of the highest numerical value of rubrics with other similar remedies on repertorisation found Hoodia gordonii 30CH to be most similar to: Atropa belladonna, Phosphorus, Lachesis mutus, Sulphur and Veratrum album.

scholarly journals A homoeopathic drug proving of Carcharhinus leucas 30CH and a subsequent comparison with that of Galeocerdo cuvier hepar 30CH

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nalini Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Galeocerdo Cuvier ◽  
Carcharhinus Leucas ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind

Introduction The aim of this study was to conduct a homoeopathic proving of Carcharhinus leucas in the thirtieth centesimal potency (30CH) and to subsequently establish and describe the symptomatology in standard materia medica format and then compare this symptomatology to Galeocerdo cuvier hepar 30CH. Methodology The homoeopathic proving of Carcharhinus leucas 30CH was conducted at the Durban University of Technology and was accomplished by means of a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial. Carcharhinus leucas 30CH was manufactured by the researchers according to Method 6, Method 8a and 10 of the German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia (Benyunes, 2005: 36-39). The homoeopathic proving was conducted in the form of a double blind placebo controlled study of Carcharhinus leucas 30CH with a total of 30 healthy provers. The prover sample was divided into two groups by a process of randomisation. Twenty four provers (80%) comprised the verum group and the remaining 6 provers (20%) comprised the placebo group. The identity of the proving substance and the potency used was not disclosed to provers. Provers documented their physical, mental and emotional status for one week preceding the administration of the proving remedy. A comprehensive physical examination and case history of every prover was taken before and after the proving period. Provers were instructed to ingest one powder three times a day for two days but were told to discontinue the powders once symptoms arose. The duration of the proving spanned 6 weeks and throughout the proving process, researchers were in constant communication with all the participants. Upon completion of the proving process, journals were collected and the information therein was translated into materia medica and repertory format. This was done in order to acquire the remedy picture of Carcharhinus leucas 30CH. Thereafter, the symptomatology of Carcharhinus leucas 30CH was compared to the symptomatology of Galeocerdo cuvier hepar 30CH. Results The proving of Carcharhinus leucas 30CH produced a total of 590 already existing rubrics and 43 new rubrics. The majority of these rubrics were located in the MIND (127), GENERALS (64), HEAD (55), EXTREMITIES (50), and EYE (34). In regard to the mind, prominent features were apparent such as anger, anxiety, cheerfulness, an aversion or amelioration within company, difficulty concentrating or increased focus, varying delusions and fears and irritability. Pertaining to the head, headaches were evident with varying concomitants and modalities, with headaches predominantly affecting the forehead and sides. Sensations included dryness, heat, heaviness, perspiration and shaking. The extremities displayed symptoms primarily in the forearms, legs and thighs and sensations included paralysis, shaking, swelling and weakness. In regard to the eye, eye pain with multiple modalities were apparent, with symptoms related to the canthi and eyelids. Sensations included heat, heaviness, inflammation, itching and photophobia as well as a visible discolouration of the eye. Analysis of the results presented an understanding of the similarities and differences between Carcharhinus leucas 30CH and Galeocerdo cuvier hepar 30CH. Conclusion As hypothesised, it was evident that administering Carcharhinus leucas 30CH to healthy individuals did yield observable symptomatology. Additionally, it was apparent that various correlations between Carcharhinus leucas 30CH and Galeocerdo cuvier hepar 30CH existed

Shark control: experimental fishing with baited drumlines

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. J. Dudley ◽  
R. C. Haestier ◽  
K. R. Cox ◽  
M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Shark Species ◽  
Gill Nets ◽  
Carcharhinus Leucas ◽  
Local Reduction ◽  
Shark Attacks ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Physical Environmental Factors

Protective gill-nets (shark nets) have been successful in reducing the frequency of shark attacks on the coast of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa, since 1952. This is achieved primarily through a local reduction in numbers of large sharks. Yet the nets are non-selective in terms of shark species caught and take a by-catch of dolphins, sea turtles, batoids and teleosts. Baited lines, or drumlines, as used in the Queensland shark control programme, were tested as possible alternatives to gill-nets. They demonstrated greater species selectivity for sharks and also a reduced by-catch of non-shark animals. The shark catch included the three species responsible for most shark attacks on the KZN coast, Carcharhinus leucas, Galeocerdo cuvier and Carcharodon carcharias. The probability of the bait being scavenged, or a shark being caught, was modelled in relation to a number of physical environmental factors. Although there was insufficient variability in the effort data for a quantitative comparison of catch rates between nets and drumlines, the results suggested that an optimal solution may be to deploy a combination of nets and drumlines.

scholarly journals A double-blind placebo controlled homoeopathic proving of Malus domestica 30CH, with a subsequent comparison of proving symptomatology to homoeopathic remedies of repertorial similarity

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Brenton Ricardo Moonsamy
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Relative Location ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Introduction The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of Malus domestica 30CH on a group of healthy provers and to compare these signs and symptoms to remedies of repertorial similarity. Malus domestica (common domestic apple) is an indigenous South African fruit which grows on the Drakensberg Mountains in Northern KwaZulu-Natal and is a regular part of the diet for those living there. This study hypothesized that Malus domestica 30CH would prove observable signs and symptoms in healthy individuals. Further it was hypothesized that the comparison of Malus domestica to remedies of reportorial similarity would highlight similarities and differences between existing homoeopathic remedies and Malus domestica 30CH thereby clarifying the therapeutic action of this new remedy and its relative location in the materia medica. The study was conducted by two researchers who each managed 15 provers and shared all primary data. The second researcher hypothesized that there would be a similarity between the proving symptoms of the remedy and the Doctrine of Signatures of the original substance (Ramnarayan 2014). Methodology A double blind placebo controlled proving of Malus domestica 30CH was conducted on 30 healthy volunteers who met specific inclusion criteria, with 6 receiving placebo and 24 receiving verum. A case history and thorough physical examination was performed on every prover before commencement of the proving. Recording of the data collected was in the form of a journal. Once the proving was completed information from each prover was collated and assessed by the two researchers. The symptoms elicited were then translated into materia medica and repertory language and a complete homoeopathic picture of the remedy appeared. Information from case histories and physical examinations were also considered. A repertorisation of 10 rubrics chosen to represent the essence of Malus domestica was conducted using Radar Opus software. Exclusion repertorization then followed in order to identify those remedies producing the highest numerical value and total number of rubrics within the animal, mineral and plant kingdoms in particular. Results Vast arrays of symptoms were experienced by the provers. Polarities in the symptoms were often displayed. On the emotional plane, there were symptoms of depression, sadness and cheerfulness. Some provers experienced tranquility and others felt anger, frustration and irritation. On the mental plane there were symptoms of clarity, focused concentration and confusion. The presence of delusions was marked. The most prominent delusion which infiltrated the mental and physical plane was of disconnection and separation. The main symptoms were sensations as if the extremities were separated from other areas. There was cramping and itching of the extremities as well. Pulsating headaches with perspiration of the scalp and eye pain were experienced. Various gastrointestinal symptoms were experienced ranging from distention, eructations, cramping, and diarrhea to hemorrhage after stool. Constriction of the chest and a loose, dry cough was also experienced. Cervical and lumbar back pain was reported. Sleep was described as unrefreshing with sleeplessness. The themes that emerged from the dreams were of danger (including danger to family), banquets, parties and helping others. The provers had a craving for tea. The similar remedies that emerged from the repertorial analysis were; Natrum muriaticum, Rhus toxicodendron, Lyssin, Cinchona officinalis and Pulsatilla pratensis. Conclusion The proving of Malus domestica 30CH did produce well defined symptoms that were clearly observed in healthy provers as proposed by the hypothesis. As hypothesized the comparison of Malus domestica to remedies of repertorial similarity did highlight similarities and differences between existing homoeopathic remedies and Malus domestica 30CH thereby clarifying the therapeutic range of this new remedy and its relative location in the materia medica.

Estimated treatment effect of ticagrelor versus aspirin by investigator-assessed events compared with judgement by an independent event adjudication committee in the SOCRATES trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 908-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Donald Easton ◽  
Hans Denison ◽  
Scott R Evans ◽  
Mikael Knutsson ◽  
Pierre Amarenco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Clinical Event ◽  
Minor Stroke ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Ischemic Attack ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Adjudication Committee

Background Adjudication of endpoints is a standard procedure in cardiovascular clinical trials. However, several studies indicate that the benefit of adjudication in estimating treatment effect may be limited. Aims This post hoc analysis of SOCRATES (NCT01994720) compared the treatment effects and investigated the agreement of clinical event assessment by site investigators and independent adjudicators. Methods SOCRATES compared ticagrelor and aspirin in 13,199 patients with acute minor stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack. The primary endpoint was stroke, myocardial infarction, or death. Stroke was the major component of the primary endpoint and a secondary endpoint. The endpoints were adjudicated by a blinded independent committee. We compared the treatment effect on the primary endpoint and stroke alone based on the investigators' and adjudicators' assessments, and investigated the agreement rate on the stroke endpoint and major hemorrhages. Results The hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for ticagrelor versus aspirin therapy for the primary endpoint were 0.89 (0.78–1.01) when calculated on adjudicator-assessed events and 0.88 (0.78–1.00) for investigator-assessed events. The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for stroke were 0.86 (0.75–0.99) based on the adjudicators' diagnoses and 0.85 (0.75–0.97) based on the investigators' diagnoses. The overall agreement between adjudicator- and investigator-diagnosed stroke was 91%, and for major hemorrhages was 88%. Conclusions In SOCRATES, there was no clinically meaningful difference in the estimated treatment effect, on either the primary endpoint or stroke, by using investigator- or adjudicator-assessed events. Double-blind treatment outcome studies with stroke endpoints may not benefit from adjudication. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01994720.

scholarly journals Human survival after age 100: Good luck or good health?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús-Adrián Alvarez ◽  
Anthony Medford ◽  
Cosmo Strozza ◽  
Mikael Thinggaard ◽  
Kaare Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Good Luck ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Quality Health ◽  
Extreme Longevity

Abstract BackgroundThe existence of a super-select group of centenarians that demonstrates increased survivorship has been hypothesized. However, it is unknown if this super-select group possesses similar characteristics apart from extreme longevity. MethodsIn this study, we analyse high-quality health and survival data of Danish centenarians born in 1895, 1905 and 1910. We use Latent Class Analysis to identify unobserved health classes and to test whether these super-select lives share similar health characteristics. ResultsWe find that, even after age 100, a clear and distinct gradient in health exists and that this gradient is remarkably similar across different birth cohorts of centenarians. Based on the level of health, we identify three clusters of centenarians - robust, frail and intermediate - and show that these groups have different survival prospects. The most distinctive characteristic of the robust centenarians is the outperformance in different health dimensions (physical, functional and cognitive). Finally, we show that our health class categorizations are good predictors of the survival prospects of centenarians. ConclusionsThere is a clear stratification in health and functioning among those over 100 years of age and these differences are associated with survival beyond age 100.

Life after death: behaviour of multiple shark species scavenging a whale carcass

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. E. Lea ◽  
R. Daly ◽  
C. Leon ◽  
C. A. K. Daly ◽  
C. R. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Sperm Whale ◽  
Shark Species ◽  
Tiger Shark ◽  
Nurse Shark ◽  
Life After Death ◽  
Galeocerdo Cuvier ◽  
Carcharhinus Leucas ◽  
Bull Shark

A drone was used to study the richness and behaviour of scavengers attracted to the carcass of a sperm whale (Physeter microcephalus) in Seychelles, Western Indian Ocean. Over 30 sharks of 3 species (tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier, bull shark Carcharhinus leucas and tawny nurse shark Nebrius ferrugineus) were recorded scavenging on the carcass. Tiger sharks dominated the scavenging, but with no evidence of agonistic behaviours or hierarchy, and may have facilitated scavenging by other species. Drone use allowed the analysis of such behaviours without observer influence, providing new insights into communal scavenging events.

Productivity & Engagement in an Aging America: The Role of Volunteerism

Daedalus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn C. Carr ◽  
Linda P. Fried ◽  
John W. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Federal Initiatives ◽  
The Impact

Volunteering in late life is associated with health benefits such as reduced risk of hypertension, improved self-related health and well-being, delayed physical disability, enhanced cognition, and lower mortality. Although the mechanisms of these correlations are not clear, increases in physical activity, cognitive engagement, and social interactions likely play contributing roles. Volunteers are typically thought to represent a select group, often possessing higher levels of education and income, good health, and strong social networks. However, group evidence indicates that there are many members of groups of lower socioeconomic status (SES), including elderly adults, who serve their communities on a regular basis and in high-priority programs. We propose that the impact of volunteering in an aging population be recognized and invested into, and that effective programs harness social capital of older adults to address critical societal needs and also improve the well-being of older adults. While members of low-SES groups are less likely to volunteer, they exhibit disproportionately great benefits. The Experience Corps represents a model of an effective volunteerism program, in which elders work with young schoolchildren. Existing federal initiatives, in cluding the Foster Grandparent Program and Senior Companion Program – which target low-income elders – have had low participation with long waiting lists. Given the proven benefits and relatively low proportion of older persons who volunteer, enhancement of elder volunteerism presents a significant opportunity for health promotion and deserves consideration as a national public health priority.

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