The Old World Meets the New

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-46
Author(s):  
Craig Bruce Smith
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
French And Indian War ◽  
Early American ◽  
Mother Country ◽  
Indian War ◽  
American Society ◽  
Southern Colonies ◽  
American Concept ◽  
Original Concept

This chapter stretches from the early eighteenth century to the end of the French and Indian War. With a focus on how European ideals permeated early American society, Chapter 1 traces Washington and Franklin’s individual definitions of honor and virtue and how they changed over time. It discusses how their mindsets were largely the result of self-education and personal experience, allowing for a comparison between the northern and southern colonies. It also illustrates the extremely early emergence of an American concept of honor, highlighted by Franklin’s 1723 original concept of merit-based “ascending honor”. The chapter shows Americans as first moving closer to Europe ideologically, before a transformation in ethical ideals saw a greater divergence from the mother country. It also frames the Revolution as being sparked by these preexisting ethical changes.

Archaeological Perspectives on the French in the New World

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
New World ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
French And Indian War ◽  
Early American ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Indian War ◽  
Do So ◽  
Descendant Communities

This collection offers a new understanding of communities of French heritage in the New World, drawing on archaeological and historical evidence from both colonial and post-Conquest settings. It counters the prevailing but mistaken notion that the French role in New World histories was confined largely to Québec and New Orleans and lasted only through the French and Indian War. Some chapters in the volume reveal new insights into French colonial communities, while others concern the post-Conquest Francophone communities that thrived under British, Spanish, or American control, long after France relinquished its colonies in the New World. The authors in this collection engage in a dialogue about what it meant to be ethnic French or a French descendant, Métis, Native American, enslaved, or a free person of color in French areas of North America, the Caribbean, and South America from the late 1600s until the late 1800s. The authors combine archaeological remains (from artifacts to food remains to cultural landscapes) with a rich body of historical records to help reveal the roots of present-day New World societies. This volume makes clear that, along with Spanish, British, and early American colonial influences, French colonists and their descendant communities played an important role in New World histories, and continue to do so.

scholarly journals Surveillance of Bioterrorism Agents: Considerations for EM Laboratories

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
American Indians ◽  
The United States ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Rapid Response Teams ◽  
French And Indian War ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Indian War ◽  
Biological Organisms

Biowarfare was first documented in the eighteenth century during the French and Indian War when the British distributed smallpox-contaminated blankets to the American Indians. Smallpox is considered a likely agent even today because the USSR was known to have produced and stockpiled large amounts of the virus even after signing the 1972 treaty prohibiting such production. Because of the large number of workers involved and the poor economy, the security of these stockpiles is unclear [1, txtwriler.com/Backgrounders/Bioterrorism/bioterrar4.html]. Since the terrorist attacks in the United States in 2001, world attention has been drawn to terrorism and potential release of dangerous biological organisms. Considerable efforts are being made to establish methods for rapidly recognizing these agents. Numerous electron microscopy (EM) laboratories have been approached to join rapid response teams for the detection of viral agents. However, several issues should be carefully considered before an EM laboratory agrees to participate in surveillance.

Integrity and Leadership

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Cox
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Leadership Effectiveness ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
French And Indian War ◽  
George Washington ◽  
Continental Army ◽  
Indian War ◽  
Commander In Chief

George Washington recognized the value and power of establishing a reputation for integrity. As a prosperous planter-businessman and militia veteran of the French and Indian War, he came to epitomize the eighteenth century ideal of gentlemanly honor. Washington’s proven abilities and impeccable stature, especially his renown as a person of high moral character, led to his appointment as commander in chief of the Continental Army in 1775. Washington’s integrity, which he demonstrated consistently and guarded carefully throughout the war, was instrumental to his overall leadership effectiveness. Washington’s moral character and altruism were at the center of his greatness as a leader.

Houses

Quarters ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 10-49
Author(s):  
John Gilbert McCurdy
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Colonial America ◽  
French And Indian War ◽  
Military Geography ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Indian War ◽  
Private Homes

This chapter investigates quartering in houses, a common practice in colonial America, and details struggles to billet troops from ancient times to the eighteenth century. It asks why quartering in houses was challenged in seventeenth-century England, and how this introduced the ideal of the home as a distinct place of domestic privacy, absent of military geography. When the French and Indian War brought large numbers of British regular soldiers to North America, American colonists were forced to quarter troops, and this elicited a variety of reactions, with some colonies billeting soldiers in private homes, some in public houses, and others in alternative locales like barracks.

White Zombie as Captivity Narrative and the Death of Certainty

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Mark C Anderson
Keyword(s):  
American Indians ◽  
American Slavery ◽  
Captivity Narrative ◽  
Early American ◽  
Arts And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Black ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
American Society ◽  
Black Other

Horror films such as White Zombie (1932) reveal viewers to themselves by narrating in the currency of audience anxiety. Such movies evoke fright because they recapitulate fear and trauma that audiences have already internalized or continue to experience, even if they are not aware of it. White Zombie’s particular tack conjures up an updated captivity narrative wherein a virginal white damsel is abducted by a savage Other. The shell of the captivity story, of course, is as old as America. In its earliest incarnation it featured American Indians in the role as savage Other, fiendishly imagined as having been desperate to get their clutches on white females and all that hey symbolized. In this way, it generated much of the emotional heat stoking Manifest Destiny, that is, American imperial conquest both of the continent and then, later, as in the case of Haiti, of the Caribbean Basin. White Zombie must of course be understood in the context of the American invasion and occupation of Haiti (1915-1934). As it revisits the terrain inhabited by the American black Other, it also speaks to the history of American slavery. The Other here is African-American, not surprisingly given the date and nature of American society of the day, typically imagined in wildly pejorative fashion in early American arts and culture. This essay explores White Zombie as a modified captivity narrative, pace Last of the Mohicans through John Ford’s The Searchers (1956), the Rambo trilogy (1982, 1985, 1988), the Taken trilogy (2008, 1012, 2014), even Mario and Luigi’s efforts to rescue Princess Peach from Bowser.

When the Cross Met the Lotus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Q. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Chinese Rites Controversy

Chapter 1 considers the Catholic presence in Tonkin and its interaction with Vietnamese religions. It begins by describing the sociopolitical situation of Tonkin as a land of two kings. The chapter then narrates the development of Vietnamese Christianity from its beginning in the Jesuit, Augustinian, and Dominican missions to the eighteenth century. The chapter charts the varied reception of Christianity by the ruling class of Tonkin, and Christianity’s relationship with Confucianism. It ends with a narrative of the protracted Chinese Rites Controversy, describing the attempts to reconcile Catholic dogma with Vietnamese cultural and religious practices, especially regarding those pertaining to filial piety, and a description of the Controversy’s long-lasting effects in Vietnam.

Searching for Political Parties in the Past

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Ignazi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common

Chapter 1 introduces the long and difficult process of the theoretical legitimation of the political party as such. The analysis of the meaning and acceptance of ‘parties’ as tools of expressing contrasting visions moves forward from ancient Greece and Rome where (democratic) politics had first become a matter of speculation and practice, and ends up with the first cautious acceptance of parties by eighteenth-century British thinkers. The chapter explores how parties or factions have been constantly considered tools of division of the ‘common wealth’ and the ‘good society’. The holist and monist vision of a harmonious and compounded society, stigmatized parties and factions as an ultimate danger for the political community. Only when a new way of thinking, that is liberalism, emerged, was room for the acceptance of parties set.

Who Was This Man?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitch Kachun
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Broad Context ◽  
Military Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Revolution

Chapter 1 introduces the broad context of the eighteenth-century Atlantic world in which Crispus Attucks lived, describes the events of the Boston Massacre, and assesses what we know about Attucks’s life. It also addresses some of the most widely known speculations and unsupported stories about Attucks’s life, experiences, and family. Much of what is assumed about Attucks today is drawn from a fictionalized juvenile biography from 1965, which was based largely on research in nineteenth-century sources. Attucks’s characterization as an unsavory outsider and a threat to the social order emerged during the soldiers’ trial. Subsequently, American Revolutionaries in Boston began the construction of a heroic Attucks as they used the memory of the massacre and all its victims to serve their own political agendas during the Revolution by portraying the victims as respectable, innocent citizens struck down by a tyrannical military power.

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