scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Analysis Of Pedestrian Trauma Using Biomedical And Accident Reconstruction Engineering Methods

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Liptai ◽  
Lamb Rowland D.
Keyword(s):  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Spider Web ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Kinematic Study ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
The Right

This Study Examines The Theory And Methods Of Forensic Engineering Analysis Applied To Pedestrian Trauma And Fatality. Optimally Approached With The Collective Analysis Of Both The Accident Reconstruction Engineer And Biomedical Engineer, The Accident Reconstruction Engineer Translates The Physical Evidence Related To The Vehicle And Scene While The Biomedical Engineer Interprets The Physical Evidence Related To The Human Body In The Biological Tissues. With Both Disciplines, A Collaborative Understanding Can Be Gained Using The Vehicular And Human Tissue Physical Evidence Available. The Case Presented Involves A Pedestrian Verses An Automobile. The Collision Between A Pedestrian And Automobile Resulted In The Death Of The Pedestrian. Physical Evidence On The Vehicle Included: A Dent In The Front Right Fender; A Spider Web Glass Fracture Pattern On The Windshield In The Lower Right Comer; And A Dent In The Right A-Pillar. This Study Will Also Demonstrate What Can Be Learned From The Absence Of Classic Physical Evidence On The Vehicle And On The Pedestrian As Well As The Determination Of When A Kinematic Study Is Appropriate For Pedestrian Verses Automobile Investigation.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Use Of Computer Animations And Graphics

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Ziernicki ◽  
Danaher David A.
Keyword(s):  
3D Modeling ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Computer Animations ◽  
Modeling Simulation ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Investigation Process ◽  
Video Matching

During An Accident Reconstruction Investigation, Many Complicated Issues Arise That Must Be Presented To A Judge Or Jury. Although The Reconstructionist May Understand The Issues And Can Explain Them Orally, The Audience May Not Completely Understand. The Use Of Computer Animations And Graphics Can Take Those Complicated Issues And Present Them In A Clear And Understandable Way. The Graphics And Animations That Are Developed From The Engineering Analysis Are A Visual Representation Of The Forensic Engineers Opinion. Psychological Studies Show That People Are Only 15% Likely To Remember Orally-Communicated Information, But 95% Likely To Remember Orally-Communicated Information In Conjunction With Visually-Communicated Information. Visual Tools, Such As Photo Matching, Evidence Matching, Photogrammetry, Video Matching, 3d Modeling, Simulation, And Animation, Can Be Implemented During The Accident Investigation Process To Identify Evidence And Demonstrate A Thorough Analysis For Later Use In Court. For Example, Roof Crush Analysis Graphics, As Seen In Figure 1, Not Only Visually Illustrates The Deformation Of The Roofs Structure, But The Graphics Also Have A Solid Foundation Based On Accurate Measurements Of The Physical Evidence.

Forensic Engineering Analysis Methods Employed for the Purpose of Determining the Location of a Long-Range Shooter Based on Terminal Bullet Trajectory

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Linear Trajectory ◽  
Projectile Motion ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Forensic Engineering

The reconstruction of shooting incidents based on the terminal bullet trajectory is commonly carried out over short distances using a linear trajectory simplification model. However, when shooting incidents, such as sniper attacks, take place over longer distances, linear simplification models destabilize and result in large errors in determining the location of the shooter. In such cases, it becomes necessary to account for a large number of variables affecting the flight path of the bullet. While linear simplification models for bullet trajectories do not require robust engineering analysis methods, reverse modeling of long-range bullet trajectories can only be carried out using numerical methods for solving the differential equations of projectile motion. This paper will explore methods for employing computational engineering methods to model the trajectories of bullets with a focus on reverse modeling from the trajectory terminus. In this way, the forensic engineer can use basic measurements of the terminal angle of the bullet trajectory combined with appropriate knowledge of the firearm and ammunition to model the bullet’s path back to a probable location of the shooter. This paper will focus on methods that the forensic engineer can employ when solving problems involving determination of the location of a shooter based on limited physical evidence at the scene. Computational analysis tools will be presented.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Analysis Of Taillight Filaments By Digital Photomicroscopy

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Automobile Accident ◽  
Forensic Engineering

During The Analysis And Reconstruction Of An Automobile Accident, It Is Often Necessary For The Forensic Engineer To Examine The Headlights Or Taillights Of A Vehicle In An Attempt To Find Evidence Which Will Allow For A Determination Of Whether Or Not The Lights Were On And Operating At The Time Of The Collision. This Paper Describes The Use Of Digital Photomicroscopy For The Evaluation And Documentation Of Such Evidence.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Analysis Of Pedestrian Vision Ambulation And Vigilance

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervyn F. Strauss ◽  
Lee William E.
Keyword(s):  
Good Health ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Injured Person ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Good Vision

The Accident Reconstruction Engineer Is Frequently Called Upon To Analyze And Provide An Opinion On The Probable Cause Of Same Level Trips And Falls. The Incident Usually Involves A Raised Object Or Stub Toe In All Types Of Environments, Both Indoors And Outdoors. The Person May Be Walking Or Even Running Along, Going About Their Own Business, When They Trip And Fall Over Some Type Of Object Raised Above A Walking Surface. The Individual Many Times Is In Good Health, Without Any Apparent Impediment To Their Ability To Walk Or Ambulate And With Good Vision. A Question Asked By One Side Or The Other In This Type Of Litigation Is, Why Did You Trip Over That Object, Post, Walk Joint, Or Whatever, That Was In Front Of You? The Object That You Tripped Over Was Obvious. If You Had Just Kept A Proper Lookout, You Could Have Avoided It. In Some Cases, It Is Not Unusual To Discover That The Injured Person Had Walked Through The Area Sometime Before The Incident. Furthermore, The Person May Actually Be Relatively Familiar With The Locale, Having Walked Across The Spot On Many Occasions. This Paper Addresses The Complex Set Of Events And Human Skills Involving Pedestrian Tripping And Falling Over Raised Objects On A Foreseeable Pedestrian1 Walking Surface. In Addition To Raised Objects, Depressions Or Holes In The Walking Surface May Trigger A Fall Event.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Determination Of who Was Driving

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Passenger Compartment ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Witness Statements

The Investigation Of Vehicle Crashes Occasionally Presents A Question Of Who Was Driving A Vehicle At the Time Of A Collision. Many Accidents Result In Drivers And Passengers Being Thrown About The Passenger compartment, Or Being Completely Ejected From Their Vehicle. In Such Cases, Driver, Passenger, And witness Statements Are Often In Conflict With One Another; Especially When The Driver Could Potentially be Charged With A Crime, Or Be Held Liable For Damages Resulting From A Crash. In Many Cases, Physical evidence Can Provide The Forensic Engineer With Information To Conduct A Proper Reconstruction Of The crash, To Perform An Occupant Kinematic Analysis, And To Make A Determination And Render An Opinion regarding Who Was Driving The Vehicle At The Time Of The Crash.  this Paper Will Address Methodologies For Data Collection And Crash Reconstruction That Can Be Used in Determining Who Was Driving A Vehicle At The Time Of A Crash. It Will Include Instruction To The At-Scene investigator As To Data That Can Be Helpful In Such Analyses And Determinations. Two Case Studies Will Be presented In Which The Author Analyzed The Crash Data To Determine Who Was Driving.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Analysis And Testing For Speed Reduction In Transient Braking

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene A. Castaneda
Keyword(s):  
Field Testing ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Quasi Steady State ◽  
Transient Phase ◽  
Brake Pedal ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Wheel Brake

The Speed From Skids Equation Is Derived From The Work-Energy Theorem And Is Often Employed In Accident Reconstruction To Determine A Vehicles Speed At The Onset Of Visible Locked-Wheel Braking Application. The Conventional Use Of This Equation In The Field Of Accident Reconstruction, However, Does Not Yield A Vehicles True Speed At The Onset Of Braking. In Maximum Application Of The Brake Pedal, A Vehicle Initially Undergoes A Transient Brake Phase Prior To Arriving At The Quasi-Steady-State Locked-Wheel Brake Phase. There Is A Reduction Of Speed That Occurs During The Transient Phase Of Braking That Is Generally Not Accounted For In The Reconstruction Of Vehicular Collisions. Accounting For This Reduction In Speed, A Forensic Engineer Can Estimate A Vehicles Speed At The Onset Of Braking And Further Employ The Relative Elapsed Time In Collision Avoidance Calculations. This Study Will Explore A Method To Estimate The Speed Reduction Occurring During The Transient Braking Based On Field Testing.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Evaluation Of Physical Evidence In Accident Reconstruction

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Ziernicki ◽  
Danaher David A.
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Dynamic Motion ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Accident Site

Physical Evidence Deposited By Vehicles As A Result Of An Accident May Not Always Be Fully Documented By The Investigating Law Enforcement Officers By Means Of Measurements. Many Times, The Investigating Officers Are Able To Document The Location Of The Vehicles At Rest, But Can Only Measure And Locate Some Of The Related Tire Marks And/Or Gouges That May Be Present On The Roadway As A Result Of The Collision. The Officers May Further Supplement Their Investigation By Photographing The Scene Of The Accident. The Photographs Often Depict The Position And Geometry Of Other Physical Evidence Relative To The Roadway Or Other Geographic Features. However, The Forensic Engineer May Require More Detailed Information Regarding The Physical Evidence Than Is Shown In The Photographs Or Measured By The Officers, And Must Therefore Take Further Steps To Extract It. Depending On The Evaluation Required In The Case, The Forensic Engineer Would Need To Further Analyze The Accident By An Inspection Of The Accident Site And/Or Vehicles. After Collecting The Available Information From The Measurements Made By The Officers, The Photographs Taken At The Scene, And The Inspections By The Forensic Engineer, The Data Must Then Be Compiled In A Comprehensive Form To Further Evaluate The Dynamics Of The Accident. This Paper Discusses Three Methods (Camera Matching, Photogrammetry, And Rectification) Of Collecting The Physical Evidence From Several Sources And The Procedure Of Producing A Comprehensive Forensic Map Of The Evidence Relative To The Roadway And The Dynamic Motion Of The Vehicle.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Analysis in The Collision Of Two Tractor-Trailer Trucks

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Arnoult
Keyword(s):  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Fatal Accident ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Leaf Springs ◽  
Forensic Engineering

After A Fatal Accident Involving Two Tractor-Trailer Trucks, One Of Which (Vehicle #1) Overturned And dumped Its Load In Front Of An Oncoming Tractor-Trailer (Vehicle #2), It Was Discovered That Two Of The Leaf springs Of The Overturned Trailer Were Broken. Forensic Engineering Metallurgical Examination Of The fracture Surfaces Of The Broken Springs And Other Axle Evidence, In Conjunction With Accident Reconstruction results, Played A Key Role In Determining The Overall Sequence Of Events In The Accident.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Analysis Of Total Reaction Time

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Green
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Perception Time ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Actual Stimulus

This Paper Develops A Method For Determining A Meaningful Reaction Time In Accident Reconstruction And Civil Engineering Design. A Method For Total Perception Time (Tpt) Is Explained Using Literature From The Professions Of Psychology, Optometry And Engineering. A Determination Of Total Perception Time (Tpt), Or Total Perception Distance (Tpd), Is Given Where The Engineer Allows Enough Time For The Actual Stimulus To Be Identified Before Determining If Evasive Action Can Be Taken Or Collision Can Be Avoided. The Use Of Tpt Can Be Calculated In Accident Reconstruction And Engineering Design By Using The Actual Environmental Conditions That Were Present At The Site Under Investigation. The Purpose Of Presenting This Analysis Is To Establish A Starting Point For Discussion And Evaluation Of Total Perception Time (Tpt) Or Total Perception Distance (Tpd). The Reaction Time Sequence Affects Every Facet Of Forensic Engineering And Civil Engineering Design. It Is The Writers Intent That A Definition Of This Methodology Can Be Developed In Order That The Engineering Community Will Have A Tool That Is Accepted.

THE FACTORS OF CAREER SELF-DETERMINATION OF STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Inna Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Right

Choice of profession is a social phenomenon that every person has to face in life. Numerous studies convince us that not only the well-being of a person depends on the chosen work, but also his attitude to himself and life in general, therefore, the right and timely professional choice is very important. Research about factors of career self-determination of students of higher education institutions in Ukraine shows that self-determination is an important factor in the socialization of young person, and the factors that determine students' career choices become an actual problem of nowadays. The present study involved full-time and part-time students of Institute of Philology and Mass Communications of Open International University of Human Development "Ukraine" in order to examine the factors of career self-determination of students of higher education institutions (N=189). Diagnostic factors of career self-determination of students studying in the third and fourth year were carried out using the author's questionnaire. Processing of obtained data was carried out using the Excel 2010 program; factorial and comparative analysis were applied. Results of the study showed that initial stage of career self-determination falls down on the third and fourth studying year at the university, when an image of future career and career orientations begin to form. At the same time, the content of career self-determination in this period is contradictory and uncertain, therefore, the implementation of pedagogical support of this process among students is effective.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document