scholarly journals The Modifying Effect of Alcohol on Formation of a Hostile Position in Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
N. V. Hmara
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Modifying Effect ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use

Objective: to study the effect of alcohol on formation of a hostile position in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Material and methods. A comparative, cross-sectional, one-stage study of persons suffering from schizophrenia up to 5 years over 2015-2017 has been performed. The following evaluation methods were used: hostile attributive style - the AIHQ scale (D. R. Combs et аl., 2007), screening for alcohol use - the ASSIST scale (R. Humeniuk et al., 2008), severity of psychopathological symptoms - the PANSS scale (S. Kay, L. Opler, 1986). Results. The group with a low «risk level» of problematic alcohol use revealed the lowest indices by the PANSS «Paranoid Militancy» and «PANSS-Hostility» subscales. The comparison of psychometric parameters by the AIHQ Scale among persons suffering from schizophrenia has revealed that an increase in the amount and frequency of alcohol consumption leads to an increase of indices of anger and accusations in deliberate situations. Conclusion. The obtained data make it possible to assume presence of the modifying effect of quantitative parameters of alcohol use on formation of a hostile position in persons suffering from schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Problematic alcohol use and reduced hippocampal volume: a meta-analytic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (13) ◽  
pp. 2288-2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wilson ◽  
J. L. Bair ◽  
K. M. Thomas ◽  
W. G. Iacono
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use

BackgroundA number of studies reports reduced hippocampal volume in individuals who engage in problematic alcohol use. However, the magnitude of the difference in hippocampal volume between individuals with v. without problematic alcohol use has varied widely, and there have been null findings. Moreover, the studies comprise diverse alcohol use constructs and samples, including clinically significant alcohol use disorders and subclinical but problematic alcohol use (e.g. binge drinking), adults and adolescents, and males and females.MethodsWe conducted the first quantitative synthesis of the published empirical research on associations between problematic alcohol use and hippocampal volume. In total, 23 studies were identified and selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis; effects sizes were aggregated using a random-effects model.ResultsProblematic alcohol use was associated with significantly smaller hippocampal volume (d = −0.53). Moderator analyses indicated that effects were stronger for clinically significant v. subclinical alcohol use and among adults relative to adolescents; effects did not differ among males and females.ConclusionsProblematic alcohol use is associated with reduced hippocampal volume. The moderate overall effect size suggests the need for larger samples than are typically included in studies of alcohol use and hippocampal volume. Because the existing literature is almost entirely cross-sectional, future research using causally informative study designs is needed to determine whether this association reflects premorbid risk for the development of problematic alcohol use and/or whether alcohol has a neurotoxic effect on the hippocampus.

Admixture analysis of age at onset in older patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 781-785
Author(s):  
Maureen M. J. Smeets-Janssen ◽  
Idan M. Aderka ◽  
Paul D. Meesters ◽  
Sjors Lange ◽  
Sigfried Schouws ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Admixture Analysis ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

ABSTRACTThe nature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders with an onset in middle or late adulthood remains controversial. The aim of our study was to determine in patients aged 60 and older if clinically relevant subtypes based on age at onset can be distinguished, using admixture analysis, a data-driven technique. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 94 patients aged 60 and older with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Admixture analysis was used to determine if the distribution of age at onset in this cohort was consistent with one or more populations of origin and to determine cut-offs for age at onset groups, if more than one population could be identified. Results showed that admixture analysis based on age at onset demonstrated only one normally distributed population. Our results suggest that in older schizophrenia patients, early- and late-onset ages form a continuum.

scholarly journals T194. SUBJECTIVE ANOMALIES OF IMAGINATION AGGREGATE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA-SPECTRUM DISORDERS AND ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DISORDERS OF BASIC SELF

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S305-S305
Author(s):  
Andreas Rosén Rasmussen ◽  
Josef Parnas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizotypal Disorder

Abstract Background Imagination is the formation of ideas or images of something known not to be present to the senses. Clinical psychopathology has few notions addressing this domain apart from obsession and rumination. Some classic psychopathological notions such as Jaspers’ concept of pseudohallucination or the pseudo-obsession are relevant to this area. In a recent research project, informed by contemporary philosophy of mind and phenomenology, we have developed novel concepts targeting subjective disturbances of imagination and fantasy life with a focus on the schizophrenia-spectrum. Patients describe a spatialization of images, i.e., stable imagery with an articulated spatial structure being liable to inspection ‘from afar in the mind’ and often undergoing an autonomous development independently of the will of the patient (‘like watching a movie in the head’). Other notions address tacit, non-psychotic erosions of the demarcation of fantasy life from perception and memory. A broad range of ideations (such as ‘daydreams’, ‘fears’, anticipations, intrusions, paranoid or suicidal ideation) may involve such structural disturbances of experience. Here, we present data from the first, cross-sectional study investigating the distribution of anomalies of imagination in different diagnostic groups and healthy controls as well as their association with positive symptoms, negative symptoms and disorders of basic selfhood. Methods The sample (N=81) included in- and outpatients with schizophrenia or another non-affective psychosis (N=32), outpatients with schizotypal disorder (N=15) or other mental illness (N=16) and healthy controls (N=18). The sample was 70% female with mean age 29.9 (SD 6.8; range 18–42) years. Anomalies of imagination were assessed with the Examination of anomalous fantasy and imagination (EAFI), which is an instrument recently developed in our group for a semi-structured interview exploring these experiences. The EAFI has shown very good reliability with average Kappa of 0.84. Disorders of basic self were assessed with the Examination of anomalous self experience (EASE) and positive, negative and general symptoms with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results Anomalies of imagination aggregated significantly (p < 0.000, Kruskall-Wallis test) in the schizophrenia-spectrum disorders compared to other mental illness with no significant difference between schizophrenia and schizotypal disorder. The group of healthy controls very rarely reported these anomalies and scored significantly lower (p < 0.000) than all diagnostic groups. In multivariate linear regression analysis (R2 = 0.66), EAFI score was significantly associated with EASE score (β = 0.62, p < 0.000), PANSS positive (β = 0.34, p = 0.01) and PANSS negative (β = 0.29, p = 0.02), but not PANSS general score (β = -0.29, p = 0.07). More than 79% of the schizophrenia-spectrum patients retrospectively reported the onset of these experiences to adolescence or earlier. Discussion The results of this cross-sectional study support that the subjective anomalies of imagination, targeted with the EAFI, are associated with the schizophrenia-spectrum. The association with disorders of basic self, which has been shown to have trait-like characteristics and to predict transition to schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, may reflect that the anomalies of imagination share a common experiential core-structure with self disorders. We suggest that the anomalies of imagination belong to an early onset level of psychopathology in the schizophrenia-spectrum and may have a relevance for differential diagnosis and early detection.

Cessation and reduction in alcohol consumption and misuse after psychedelic use

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1088-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Garcia-Romeu ◽  
Alan K Davis ◽  
Fire Erowid ◽  
Earth Erowid ◽  
Roland R Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use

Background:Meta-analysis of randomized studies using lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for alcohol use disorder (AUD) showed large, significant effects for LSD efficacy compared to control conditions. Clinical studies suggest potential anti-addiction effects of LSD and mechanistically-related classic psychedelics for alcohol and other substance use disorders.Aims:To supplement clinical studies, reports of psychedelic use in naturalistic settings can provide further data regarding potential effects of psychedelics on alcohol use.Methods:An anonymous online survey of individuals with prior AUD reporting cessation or reduction in alcohol use following psychedelic use in non-clinical settings.Results:343 respondents, mostly White (89%), males (78%), in the USA (60%) completed the survey. Participants reported seven years of problematic alcohol use on average before the psychedelic experience to which they attributed reduced alcohol consumption, with 72% meeting retrospective criteria for severe AUD. Most reported taking a moderate or high dose of LSD (38%) or psilocybin (36%), followed by significant reduction in alcohol consumption. After the psychedelic experience 83% no longer met AUD criteria. Participants rated their psychedelic experience as highly meaningful and insightful, with 28% endorsing psychedelic-associated changes in life priorities or values as facilitating reduced alcohol misuse. Greater psychedelic dose, insight, mystical-type effects, and personal meaning of experiences were associated with a greater reduction in alcohol consumption, controlling for prior alcohol consumption and related distress.Conclusions:Although results cannot demonstrate causality, they suggest that naturalistic psychedelic use may lead to cessation or reduction in problematic alcohol use, supporting further investigation of psychedelic-assisted treatment for AUD.

scholarly journals M124. ASSOCIATION OF CHRONIC PHYSICAL MULTIMORBIDITY WITH THE EFFICACY OF TREATMENT IN DIFFERENT SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S182-S182
Author(s):  
Igor Filipčić ◽  
Ivona Šimunović Filipčić ◽  
Žarko Bajić
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychiatric Rehospitalization ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Schizotypal Disorder

Abstract Background Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have higher prevalence of chronic physical illness (CPI) and a substantially reduced life expectancy compared with the general population. Despite the increasing amount of research in this area, the effect on psychiatric treatment outcome is still not clear. Some research reported significant associations between several CPIs and different SSD treatment outcomes, whereas the remaining study did not. The objective of the current study is to assess differences in the association of the number of CPI with the overall number of psychiatric rehospitalization in specific SSD diagnosis. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 354 patients diagnosed with SSD (ICD10): 135 schizophrenia, 71 acute and transient psychotic disorder, 57 schizoaffective disorder, 68 unspecified unorganic psychosis, 23 other (persistent delusional disorder, schizotypal disorder). The primary outcome was the association of the number of CPI with the number of psychiatric rehospitalization since the diagnosis, as the surrogate outcome for the treatment success, adjusted for the time from diagnosis, age, and gender of participants. Results Mean number of CPI adjusted for the time from diagnosis, age, and gender was not significantly nor clinically relevantly different between particular SSD diagnosis (F(5,345)=0.70; p=0.620). It was 1.7 in schizophrenia, 1.5 in acute and transient psychotic disorder, 1.4 in schizoaffective disorder, 1.8 in unspecified unorganic psychosis, 1.0 in persistent delusional disorder and 1.9 in schizotypal disorder. The mean number of CPI adjusted for the same three potential confounders was significantly different between particular SSD diagnosis (F(5,345)=2.78; p=0.018). It was 6.7 in schizophrenia, 3.8 in acute and transient psychotic disorder, 7.3 in schizoaffective disorder, 4.8 in unspecified unorganic psychosis. However, the association of the number of CPI with the psychiatric rehospitalizations, adjusted for the previously stated three confounders, was significant and clinically relevant only in participants diagnosed with schizophrenia. In these participants, an increase of one CPI was associated with the 2.3 (95% CI 1.2 to 3.5) more psychiatric rehospitalizations (p<0.001). In participants diagnosed with other specific SSD the association of the number of CPI was not significantly associated with the number of psychiatric rehospitalizations. Moreover, on this particular sample level, it was negative, meaning that more CPI was associated with the lower number of psychiatric rehospitalization in all other SSD except in the case of unspecified nonorganic psychosis. Discussion In this cross-sectional study, we observed that the hypothesis of the effect of the number of CPI on the SSD treatment outcomes is valid only in the case of schizophrenia. Further research is needed to clarify whether additional psychological distress is related to the additional burden of multimorbidity.

scholarly journals Association between anxiety symptoms and problematic alcohol use in adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna de Abreu Costa ◽  
Giovanni Abrahão Salum Junior ◽  
Luciano Rassier Isolan ◽  
Jandira Rahmeier Acosta ◽  
Rafaela Behs Jarros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use

BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent, affecting approximately 10% of individuals throughout life; its onset can be detected since early childhood or adolescence. Studies in adults have shown that anxiety disorders are associated with alcohol abuse, but few studies have investigated the association between anxiety symptoms and problematic alcohol use in early ages. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if anxiety symptoms are associated with problematic alcohol use in young subjects. METHODS: A total of 239 individuals aged 10-17 years were randomly selected from schools located in the catchment area of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. The Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) was used to evaluate the presence of anxiety symptoms, and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), to evaluate alcohol use. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-seven individuals (53.1% ) reported having already used alcohol. Of these, 14 individuals showed problematic alcohol use (5.8% ). There was no association between lifetime use of alcohol and anxiety symptoms, but mean SCARED scores in individuals with problematic alcohol use was higher if compared to those without problematic use, even after adjustment for age and gender (29.9±8.5 vs. 23.7±11.8, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitation of a cross-sectional design, our study suggests that anxiety symptoms are associated with problematic alcohol use early in life.

RISK FACTORS FOR THE MANIFESTATION OF AGGRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND SCHIZOPHRENIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
N.V. Нтага ◽  
◽  
О.A. Skiigarevsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use ◽  
Screening Scale

Introduction: The article deals with the influence of alcohol and a hostile attributive style on schizophrenic spectrum disorders as provocateurs of aggression. Objectives: To determine the level of influence of ВАС and alcohol on the likelihood of aggression in patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenic spectrum disorders with concomitant problematic alcohol use. Materials and methods: the ASSIST screening scale — to assess the level of «risk» of alcohol consumption, the A05 scale determines the severity of aggression, the AIHQ scale — the severity of the hostile attributive style. Results and discussion: The recruitment of patients for the study was carried out on the basis of the institution «Gomel Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital» from 2014 to 2020. A total of 86 people were examined, all of working age. The period of observation of the disease is up to 5 years. In the structure of diagnoses verified by ICD-10, the following distribution was observed: schizophrenia (F 20) and acute polymorphic psychotic disorders of the schizophrenic spectrum (F 23). It was found that an increase in alcohol consumption after the onset of the disease is accompanied by an increase in aggressive acts; the A05 9 and higher group showed higher indices for all components of the AIHQ scale. Conclusions: Increased alcohol consumption after the onset of schizophrenia leads to conjugate relationships with aggressive behavior. The total value of intentional indices (AIHQ scale: hostility index, accusation index, anger index) 44.6 and higher entails an increase in the risk of aggression («overall score» AOS scale) by 3.53 times and physical aggression against other people (AOS scale) 3.45 times.

Comparison of self-stigma and quality of life in depressive disorder and schizophrenia – a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S356-S356
Author(s):  
M. Holubova ◽  
J. Prasko ◽  
S. Matousek ◽  
K. Latalova ◽  
M. Marackova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Internalized Stigma ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

BackgroundThe views of one's self-stigma and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia and depressive disorders are significant subjective notions, both being proven to affect patient's functioning in life. The objective of this research was to find out the quality of life and self-stigma in connection with demographic factors and compare the two groups of patients in those variables.MethodIn a cross-sectional study, the outpatients with the schizophrenia spectrum disorders and depressive disorders completed the quality of life satisfaction and enjoyment questionnaire, the internalized stigma of mental illness scale and a demographic questionnaire during a routine psychiatric control. Furthermore, both patients and their psychiatrists evaluated the severity of the disorder by clinical global impression-severity scale.ResultsThe quality of life of patients with depression or schizophrenia spectrum disorders did not significantly differ between the two groups. In both groups, unemployment was perceived to be a significant factor decreasing the quality of life. Self-stigma was detected to be higher in patients with schizophrenia as compared to the depressive patients. A strong correlation was found between the two scales, meaning that those with higher levels of self-stigmatization were less prone to see their life as fulfilling and joyful.ConclusionsThe present study shows that the degree of the internalized stigma can be an important aspect linked to the quality of life irrespective of the diagnostic category.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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