Evaluating the Relationships Between Demographic, Level of Drug Use and Self Esteem Among Female Students in Kaduna, Nigeria

Starting the early 1990s, the prevalence of nonmedical prescription drug use in Nigeria has been increased, especially among college students. Potential adverse effects such as poor academic performance and low self-esteem are known. The research is aimed but it is not understood whether demographics (age, socioeconomic level, educational level, and history of mental illness), level of drug use and self-esteem are related to drug use for female college students. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study of a cross-sectional nature was to determine if there were predictive relationships between level of drug use (as measured by the Drug Abuse Screening Test [DAST], and self-esteem (as measured by the Modified Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale [MRSES] in female students in Kaduna in Nigeria. The theoretical framework was provided by the psychology of self-esteem theory, social learning theory, and identity theory. Primary data from a purposeful convenience and snowball sample of 300 female undergraduates (age 18-25) enrolled in three colleges was used to analyze data. The results of the multiple linear regression indicated that history of mental illness (p = .012) and DAST score (p = .000) were related to the MRSES score at statistically significant levels. Because the independent variables (level of drug use) were not related to the dependent variable (self-esteem) at a statistically significant level, the null hypothesis was not rejected. The results from this study could provide justification for college administrators to plan appropriate social, health, educational programs, and policies that could assist college students at risk of nonmedical prescription drug use and guide students in making right health choices and decisions. The research recommends that these investigations could inform the development of educational materials and methods/strategies toward stemming, minimizing and possibly preventing the risk of Non-Medical Prescription Drugs (NMPDU) among college students over the lifetime of their college careers and after.

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Increased Alcohol Consumption, Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use, and Illicit Drug Use Are Associated With Energy Drink Consumption Among College Students

Journal of Addiction Medicine ◽

10.1097/adm.0b013e3181aa8dd4 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 74-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 137

Author(s):

Amelia M. Arria ◽

Kimberly M. Caldeira ◽

Sarah J. Kasperski ◽

Kevin E. OʼGrady ◽

Kathryn B. Vincent ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Drug Use ◽

Prescription Drug ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Energy Drink ◽

Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use ◽

Prescription Drug Use ◽

Energy Drink Consumption

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Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use Among US College Students at a Midwest University: A Partial Test of Social Learning Theory

Substance Use & Misuse ◽

10.3109/10826080903443610 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 865-887 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Robert L. Peralta ◽

Jennifer L. Steele

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Social Learning ◽

Drug Use ◽

Prescription Drug ◽

Learning Theory ◽

Social Learning Theory ◽

Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use ◽

Prescription Drug Use

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Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use Among College Students: A Comparison Between Athletes and Nonathletes

Journal of American College Health ◽

10.3200/jach.57.2.211-220 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 211-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Jason A. Ford

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Drug Use ◽

Prescription Drug ◽

Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use ◽

Prescription Drug Use

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Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use Among College Students With Trauma Exposure

Journal of Dual Diagnosis ◽

10.1080/15504263.2016.1146556 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 43-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lindsay S. Ham ◽

Jacquelyn D. Wiersma-Mosley ◽

Matthew T. Feldner ◽

Alexander J. Melkonian ◽

Lauren A. Milner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Drug Use ◽

Prescription Drug ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Trauma Exposure ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽

Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

Prescription Drug Use

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Recreational Prescription Drug Use Among College Students

NASPA Journal ◽

10.2202/0027-6014.1569 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ethan A Kolek

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Prescription Drug ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

Drug Users ◽

Research University ◽

Future Research ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Prescription Drug Use ◽

Other Substances

The purpose of this study was to explore recreational prescription drug use among undergraduate students. Although anecdotal accounts on this subject abound, empirical research is extremely limited. Data from a survey of a random sample of 734 students at a large public research university in the Northeast were examined. Results indicate that a substantial proportion of students reported having used prescription drugs for recreational purposes in the year prior to survey administration. Recreational prescription drug use was positively associated with the use of other substances including alcohol. Recreational prescription drug users were also more likely than other drug users to report negative consequences as a result of their drug use. Implications for future research and for student affairs are discussed.

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Exploring the use of cannabis as a substitute for prescription drugs in a convenience sample

Harm Reduction Journal ◽

10.1186/s12954-021-00520-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sinikka L. Kvamme ◽

Michael M. Pedersen ◽

Kristine Rømer Thomsen ◽

Birgitte Thylstrup

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Drug Use ◽

Prescription Drug ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

Online Survey ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Patient Organizations ◽

Public Media ◽

Prescription Drug Use ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background The use of cannabis as medicine (CaM) both prescribed and non-prescribed has increased markedly in the last decade, mirrored in a global shift in cannabis policy towards a more permissive stance. There is some evidence that cannabis functions as a substitute for prescription drugs, particularly opioids; however, more knowledge is needed on the motives of substitution users, their patterns of use, and perceived effects of substitution use. Aims To explore who substitutes prescription drugs with cannabis, the type of prescription drugs substituted and the type of cannabis used, and the impact that substitution with cannabis has on prescription drug use as well as the motives for substitution in terms of experienced effects and side effects. Methods A self-selected convenience sample was recruited through social media, public media, and patient organizations to take part in an anonymous online survey. Inclusion criteria were 18 years or older and use of cannabis (prescribed or non-prescribed) with a medical purpose. Results The final sample included 2.841 respondents of which the majority (91%) used non-prescribed cannabis, and more than half (54.6%) had used CaM with the purpose of replacing a prescribed drug. Compared to non-substitution users, substitution users were more likely to be women and to use CaM in the treatment of chronic pain and other somatic conditions. Pain medication (67.2%), antidepressants (24.5%), and arthritis medication (20.7%) were the most common types of drugs replaced with CaM. Among substitution users, 38.1% reported termination of prescription drug use, and 45.9% a substantial decrease in prescription drug use. The most frequent type of cannabis used as a substitute was CBD-oil (65.2%), followed by ‘hash, pot or skunk’ (36.6%). More than half (65.8%) found CaM much more effective compared to prescription drugs, and 85.5% that the side effects associated with prescription drug use were much worse compared to use of CaM. Conclusion CaM is frequently used as a substitute for prescription drugs, particularly opioids. More research is needed on the long-term consequences of use of CaM, including the impact from low and high THC cannabis products on specific somatic and mental health conditions.

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Prescription Drug and Healthcare Use Among Swedish Patients Treated with Antidepressants

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/106002809502900602 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 566-572 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Kerstin Al Bingefors ◽

Dag Gl Isacson ◽

Lars Von Knorring ◽

Björn Smedby

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Ambulatory Care ◽

Prescription Drug ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

Antidepressant Treatment ◽

Antidepressant Drugs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prescription Drug Use

Objective: To analyze healthcare and prescription drug use among patients taking and those not taking antidepressant drugs in a Swedish community. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: General population of the rural Swedish municipality Tierp of approximately 20 000 inhabitants. Participants: All residents of Tierp aged 25 years or older during 1988. Main Outcome Measures: Mean number of ambulatory care visits, hospital bed days, and prescriptions per person; proportion of those taking prescription drugs in different pharmacologic classes. Results: Patients treated with antidepressant drugs had a significantly (p < 0.05) greater use of ambulatory care, hospital care, and prescription drugs than those who did not take antidepressants in the study population. They also had an increased frequency of use of prescription drugs from virtually all pharmacologic classes. Furthermore, the risk for polypharmacy was high in patients treated with antidepressant medications. Conclusions: Those who took antidepressant drugs consumed more health services and prescription drugs than did those not taking an antidepressant. Patients receiving antidepressant treatment may be at serious risk for iatrogenic disease and should be evaluated carefully with respect to concomitant drug use.

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