scholarly journals Document of October 10th, 1365 on the Cession of the Benedictine Monastery to the Nuns of St. Clare in Kotor

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4(17)) ◽  
pp. 171-188
Author(s):  
Miljan Gogić
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
The Right ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The first mentions of the nuns of St. Clare in Kotor date from the fourth decade of the 14th century. Their position in that commune improved in the second half of that century. In December 1364, at the request of the Kotor authorities, Pope Urban V asked the Bishop of Kotor, Dujmo II, to restore the former Benedictine monastery due to the needs of the nuns St. Clare. In the presence of the highest authorities of Kotor, on October 10th, 1365, a document on this legal action was issued. It is preserved in a transcript in the manuscript collection II b 21, held in the manuscript department of the Archives of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb. The document contained the act of assigning the monastery to the Clarisses, prescribing the income which was given on that occasion to the monastery of St. Clare, as well as the appointment of Clare of Foro Julius as its first nun. Part of the transferred revenues consisted of communal revenues from fish market customs duties. The second part of the donation consisted of revenues in the amount of two hundred perpers, half of which came from the butcher's slaughterhouse, and the other half from customs revenue on wine. Customs officers or gabellers, ie persons who leased the mentioned revenues, were obliged to take care of the collection of those revenues. Revenues that the monastery of St. Clare received in October 1365 and are mentioned during the 15th century. Dukal of October 15th, 1447, says that the Venetian authorities after Kotor accepted their rule, recognized the right of the nuns of St. Clare on the said revenues. However, Kotor municipal authorities have occasionally challenged the right to collect assigned revenues, as well as the right to elect procurators themselves. That is why the nuns complained to the Venetian authorities, who ordered the Kotor authorities to allow them to enjoy the allocated income and the right to elect procurators themselves. The problem of paying the income from the fish market to the Clarisses was also present at the end of the 15th century, and Venetian authorities had to intervene.

Richard Lavenham and the Cambridge Logic

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Vincent Spade
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Logical Study

Summary This paper argues that the 14th-century Oxford Carmelite Richard Lavenham was the author of the treatise De syncategorematibus that was used as a textbook in 15th-century Cambridge, a version of which was printed several times in the late 15th and early 16th centuries in the Libellus sophistarum ad usum Cantabrigiensium. The manuscript versions of this treatise differ significantly from one another and from the printed editions, so that the claim of Lavenham’s authorship needs to be carefully considered. The evidence for this claim is described briefly. The identification of the De syncategorematibus in the Cambridge Libellus as Lavenham’s provides the first real indication that Lavenham, whose works testify to the influence of other authors on logico-linguistic studies in late 14th-century Oxford, was himself not without influence as late as the early 16th century. On the other hand, the De syncategorematibus is not a very competent treatise, so that its inclusion as a textbook in the Libellus sophistarum is an indication of the decline of the logical study of language in England during this period. A brief analysis of the contents of the treatise supports this observation.

scholarly journals Acting on Behalf of Another Without Consent as a Source of the Right of Obligations in the Republic of Kosovo

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Sevdai Morina ◽  
Endri Papajorgji
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Legal Obligation ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Property Value ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Mutual Help ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Social Wealth

In life, it often happens that humans take different actions on different occasions to save man or his wealth. These actions can be taken when there is a need to protect the integrity of man and his wealth, both individual and social wealth. Man performs these actions morally and without any institutional obligation. Man does the action without consent in order to save one's life or another's wealth. There is a need for such an action, because everyone sometimes in certain cases needs mutual help. With these behaviors of people, it is seen that they do not take these actions out of legal obligation, but act and should act with the consciousness and conscience of the civilized man. People who do this are driven by the need for cooperation, humanity, existence at the expense of the other, namely society. A person performs this action by perpetrating the work of another without consent for any other person. Hence, they undertake some factual and legal action for the other, sacrificing something that can be the property value and their bodily integrity. Sometimes this action must be taken because there are actions that cannot be postponed, therefore someone should take an action in such situations even when uninvited. Consequently, the subject matter analyzed in this paper is the act of perpetration of the work of another without consent as a source of the right of obligations in the Republic of Kosovo.   Received: 6 October 2021 / Accepted: 1 November 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021

THE IMAGE OF WISDOM ON THE HOLY GATES

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-103
Author(s):  
Polina V. Zapadalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Byzantine Art ◽  
Divine Inspiration ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Right ◽  
Facial Images

The tradition of depicting the personification of divine inspiration, which has been well studied in relation to facial images in manuscripts and wall paintings, has not hitherto been a focus of attention among researchers on the Royal Gates. It was presumed to have been sparsely distributed among the visual programs of iconostasis doors and considered to have been preserved only in two examples from the 15th century, the left gate leaf (in The Central Andrey Rublev Museum of Ancient Russian Culture and Art) and a fragment of the right gate from the collection of V.A. Prokhorov (in The State Russian Museum). However, it can be traced in other works of the 16th–17th centuries, particularly on Royal doors and on fragments of them. While miniatures depicting personifications of Wisdom are known in Byzantine art, the custom of decorating the gates of the altar gates with such figures is not seen in Byzantine monuments. On the other hand, it became established in Russia. The surviving works manifest great variety in the types of Wisdom on gates from the 15th to the 17th centuries, of which there are analogues in miniatures and frescoes. In addition to a type of “active conversation” is also known a variant of the image of Sophia behind the Evangelist, with Sophia sometimes whispering a text in the Evangelist’s ear. Differences appear in the inscriptions above the figures (“Wisdom”, “Holy Spirit”), in clothing, and in the shape of haloes. This article attempts to systematize the iconography of the Royal gates with respect to the personification of divine inspiration.

Four Frankish gravestones from medieval Ephesus

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ergün Laflı ◽  
Maurizio Buora ◽  
Denys Pringle
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Byzantine Church

Abstract This paper presents and discusses four Latin tombstones relating to Italian residents of medieval Ephesus that have been recovered from properties on the terrace of Ayasuluk (Selçuk), near the Byzantine Church of St John the Evangelist. Two of them, dating from the late 14th century, were originally published in 1937, while the other two, from the mid- 15th century, came to light more recently in January 2017.

scholarly journals Experiments on the influence of magnetism on polarized light

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 741-742
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Pass ◽  
Magnetic Action ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Contrary Direction

The object of this notice is to communicate some recent experi­ments on diamagnetism, and particularly on the influence of mag­netism on polarized light. The following extracts are in the words of the author :— The apparatus I employed in these experiments was an electro­magnetic apparatus invented by M.Rumkorf, and described by M.Biot at a meeting of the Academy of Sciences of Paris, and consisting of a powerful electro-magnet, of which the soft iron cylinder is traversed by a hole in the direction of the length of the axis, through which hole the ray of polarized light is made to pass; and the voltaic cur­rent which I employed on this occasion was that of seven pair of Grove’s construction. I made my first experiment with a piece of heavy glass, which I received from Faraday himself. In order to assure myself of the exact amount of rotation induced by magnetic action, I caused the ray of light, before it reached the heavy glass , to pass through the system invented by M. Soleil, consisting of two equal plates of perpendicular quartz, placed side by side; the one turning to the right, the other to the left. I ascertained, first of all, the rotation produced by making the current pass sometimes in one direction, and sometimes in the other ; the two rotations, one to the right, the other to the left, thus produced, were exactly the same. Then I compressed slightly the middle part of the piece of heavy glass, in the same manner as one compresses pieces of glass. I was then obliged to turn the eyepiece in a certain direction in order to restore the image to its first condition; in my experiments I always had to turn it, after compression, towards the right. I next made the current pass, first in one direction, then in the other. The ge­neral facts which I have observed constantly and without exception are the following :— The rotation produced by the magnet on the com­pressed piece of heavy glass is not the same to the right as it is to the left: the rotation produced by the magnet is considerably greater in the direction of the rotation produced by compression than it is in the contrary direction: the rotation produced by the magnet on the com­pressed heavy glass, and in the direction of the rotation produced by the compression, is greater than that produced by the same magnet on glass which has not been compressed, and the rotation in the contrary direc­tion is less. The following are the numerical results . “In one experiment I obtained on a piece of heavy glass not com­pressed, 3° of rotation to the right or to the left, according to the direction of the current: on slightly compressing the glass, I had to turn to the right the eyepiece to 4°, 5°, and even to 8° in order to restore the image to its first condition. In closing the circuit, the rotation produced in the same direction as that due to compression wras 3½° or 4°, while the rotation produced in the contrary direction was from 2° to 1½°. On ceasing to compress the glass, I obtained the same phenomena as I had observed before the compression.

scholarly journals Obraz Wołochów w piśmiennictwie Jana Długosza

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 197-220
Author(s):  
Anna Obara-Pawłowska
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Intellectual Elites

Starting from the 14th century the the common border between Poland and Wallachia had a twofold dimension. On the one hand, after the annexation of the Ruthenian lands by Casimir the Great, Poland was directly bordering on Moldova, inhabited by the Vlachs, which together with the nearby Wallachia was becoming the subject of increasingly active diplomatic interventions of the Kingdom of Poland. On the other hand, however, the mountainous regions of southern Poland were a place where the groups of Vlachs settled, intermingled and, and co-existed with the Polish and Ruthenian population. As can be guessed, these circumstances resulted in an increased interest in the Wallachian people and a search for the basic information about this ethnic group by the representatives of the Polish political and intellectual elites. The purpose of the paper is to describe the opinions on Vlachs which can be found in the works of Jan Długosz, one of the most prominent chroniclers of the 15th century. The paper presents the opinions of this historian on such issues as: the origin of the Wallachian population, the circumstances of their emergence in the Slavic lands, religious relations, activities and typical Wallachian professions, and finally, the qualities which distinguished this nation.

scholarly journals The Implementation of The Land Right Transfer Registration According to Letter Citation in Jatibogor Village, Suradadi - Tegal

Jurnal Akta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Ahmad Tsekhudin ◽  
Umar Ma'ruf
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Court System ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Land Transfer ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

According to the certainty on the material law, the definition of transfer of land right is the transfer of old owner to the new one. There are 2 (two) ways of the transfer of land right, which are to transfer and being transferred. To transfer means the transfer of land right without any legal action done by the owner, for example by the hereditarily. While being transferred refers to the transfer of the land through the legal action by the owner, for example by the purchase and sale. According to Paragraph 37 Article 1 Government Regulation Number 24 the Of 1997, it is stated that the Transfer of land right done by making the deed by Land Titles Registrar, so the transfer deed of land transfer will have a strong proof as a deed in the court system and a deed as the base of issuing the ownership certificate. The registration of the land as Government Regulation Number 24 the Of 1997 aims to give the legal certainty and legal protection to the right holder of the land, apartment units and other registered rights so it can easily prove that himself/herself is the right holder. On the other hand, we also acknowledge the registration of land tax, such as pipil-girik, petok, letter C, which is done by the Tax Office in Java Island. Due to there are still some lands in Indonesia that aren’t registered yet around society.Keywords: The Transfer of A Land Right; Registration; Letter D

Moldova's Relations with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Second Half of the 14th Century – Beginning of the 15th Century (until the Treaty of Lublau in 1412)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Valentin Constantinov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Independent State ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Will ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
The Right ◽  
Grand Duchy

In the middle and second half of the 14th century, significant territorial changes took place in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. The old political structures, which by that time had outlived their usefulness, were replaced by new ones: the revived Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Moldavian principality. These changes took place in a fierce struggle, with confrontations on the battlefield giving way to confrontations on the diplomatic front. In addition to the above-mentioned political formations, the Hungarian king also had an important place in this struggle. Louis the Great of Anjou at one time united the Hungarian and Polish crown into his own hands, after the death of Casimir the Great Polish king who had no male offspring. The Moldovan rulers took advantage of the international political conjuncture in this space, who skillfully conducted their foreign policy based on the principle of the balance of power. First, the problem of heredity in Poland and then in the Hungarian kingdom itself undoubtedly contributed to the strengthening of a still very young state that appeared in the middle of the 14th century, first as a Hungarian march, and which was tasked with moving eastward, and then as an independent state. However, at that time, every political entity had a suzerain, which gave him the right to exist. Vasal addiction varied from case to case. In turn, when such an opportunity arose, the Moldovan rulers could change their overlords based on political interest. In this, they used the strength and power of the Lithuanian princes. At first, being in allied relations with the Koriatovichs, the Moldovan rulers strengthened their state, and then, by the will of fate, they developed friendly relations with Vitovt / Alexander and tried not to spoil relations with him, participating in those planned through the Grand Duke of Lithuania. A special test for the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was the war with the Teutonic Order, which broke out in 1409. The Moldavian soldiers again took part in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410. However, the problem was that the Teutons were supported by the Hungarian king, Sigismund of Luxembourg, who wanted to return the Hungarian influence in Moldova. Thus, the Moldavian principality was drawn into the tangle of international relations in this area where the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was of great importance.

On the role of the dispute between "non-possessors" and "Josephites" in the culture of Moscow's prediction

1998 ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
N. S. Jurtueva
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Moral Transformation ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
Secular Power

In the XIV century. centripetal tendencies began to appear in the Moscow principality. Inside the Russian church, several areas were distinguished. Part of the clergy supported the specificobar form. The other understood the need for transformations in society. As a result, this led to a split in the Russian church in the 15th century for "non-possessors" and "Josephites". The former linked the fate of the future with the ideology of hesychasm and its moral transformation, while the latter sought support in alliance with a strong secular power.

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