Homoarginine test for evaluation of metabolic renal dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 709-717
Author(s):  
A. A. Zhloba ◽  
T. F. Subbotina
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Renal Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
Body Level ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Late Stages

Low plasma L-homoarginine (hArg) concentration is an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and overall mortality, as well as the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The enzyme L-arginine:glycinamidinotransferase (AGAT, EC 2.1.4.1) acts in the mitochondrial membrane of the renal tubular epithelium, forming the precursor of creatine, guanidinoacetic acid, and additionnaly by-product hArg. As it was shown recently, there is a decreased level of hArg in the late stages of CKD, however, the the level of hArg in the early stages of CKD remained unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic threshold levels of hArg in the blood of patients with stages 1 and 2 of CKD. In patients with the initial stages of CKD (n = 44) at the age of 58 (45-67) years, compared with the group of donors of 55 (42-58) years (n = 30), a significant decrease of hArg level was found. In the subgroup with stage CKD 2, the cut-off point of 1.59 μM threshold was characterized by greater sensitivity and specificity than in the subgroup with stage CKD 1 with 1.66 μM threshold level of hArg. For the full group, the hArg cut-off threshold was 1.60 μM, which is about to 0.2 μM lower than the lower limit of the reference interval for healthy individuals. It can be assumed that even before the formation of symptoms of proteinuria and albuminuria, a significant part of individuals from population cohort develops a state of decreased AGAT activity, since the expression of this enzyme is associated with a certain regulatory feedback inhibition at the body level. As a result of the study, it can be noted that in patients with early stages of CKD in the age group 45-67 years, there is a disturbance of the kidneys metabolic function. These metabolic changes can be detected by testing the level of hArg.

Data Mining Techniques for Diagnosis of Diabetes: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Tushar Deshmukh ◽  
H. S. Fadewar
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
Prediction Of Diabetes

This Diabetes is such a common dieses found all over the globe, in which blood glucose or in normal terminology the sugar level in blood is increased. It is the condition of the body in which the insulin which is required for the metabolism of the food is not created or body cannot use the insulin produced properly. Doctors say that diabetes can be controlled if it is detected in its early stages. Data mining is the process in which the data can be used for the prediction based on historic data. The intention here is to analysis how various researchers have used the data mining for better prediction of diabetes so that it could be controlled and possible even cured.

Osteopontin expressed by renal tubular epithelium mediates interstitial monocyte infiltration in rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (1) ◽  
pp. F110-F121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Okada ◽  
Kenshi Moriwaki ◽  
Raghuram Kalluri ◽  
Tsuneo Takenaka ◽  
Hiroe Imai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide ◽  
Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Goodpasture Syndrome ◽  
Renal Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Protein Excretion ◽  
Renal Tubular

In this study, we have shown that intravenously administered antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) was demonstrated to be taken up by tubular epithelium, after which it blocked mRNA expression of target genes in normal and nephritic rats. Therefore, we injected osteopontin (OPN) antisense ODN to Goodpasture syndrome (GPS) rats every second day between days 27 and 35, the time when renal OPN expression increased and interstitial monocyte infiltration was aggravated. In parallel to blockade of tubular OPN expression, this treatment significantly attenuated monocyte infiltration and preserved renal plasma flow in GPS rats at day 37, compared with sense ODN-treated and untreated GPS rats. No significant changes were observed in OPN mRNA level by RT-PCR and histopathology of the glomeruli after ODN treatment, which was compatible with an absence of differences in the urinary protein excretion rate. In conclusion, OPN expressed by tubular epithelium played a pivotal role in mediating peritubular monocyte infiltration consequent to glomerular disease.

Visualization of Invasion into the Body and Internal Diffusion of Nanoparticles

2008 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 569-572
Author(s):  
Fumio Watari ◽  
Shigeaki Abe ◽  
I.D. Rosca ◽  
Atsuro Yokoyama ◽  
Motohiro Uo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Diffusion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Body Level ◽  
Organ Level ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Internal Body

Nanoparticles may invade directly into the internal body through the respiratory or digestive system and diffuse inside body. The behavior of nanoparticles in the internal body is also essential to comprehend for the realization of DDS. Thus it is necessary to reveal the internal dynamics for the proper treatments and biomedical applications of nanoparticles. In the present study the plural methods with different principles such as X-ray scanning analytical microscope (XSAM), MRI and Fluorescent microscopy were applied to enable the observation of the internal diffusion of micro/nanoparticles in the (1) whole body level, (2) inner organ level and (3) tissue and intracellular level. Chemical analysis was also done by ICP-AES for organs and compared with the results of XSAM mapping.

scholarly journals The intrinsic prostaglandin E2–EP4 system of the renal tubular epithelium limits the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Nakagawa ◽  
Koh-ichi Yuhki ◽  
Jun-ichi Kawabe ◽  
Takayuki Fujino ◽  
Osamu Takahata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Renal Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Renal Tubular

XV. On the development of the parasitic isopoda

1878 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 505-521 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Abdominal Appendages ◽  
Pair Of Antennae

The following paper contains an account of observations on the development of the species Cymothoa œstroides and C . parallela of Milne Edwards; but the forms of the young seem to show that several species are really included under these two names. In the early stages of development the only observable difference that exists between the embryos is one of size, but in the later stages they differ very markedly from each other in their external characters. From adult individuals answering the description of C . œstroides I have obtained four varieties of embryos: two with long antennae and two with short.* In the two former the first pair of antennae are but slightly longer than the head, while the second pair are longer than the body; the eyes are small. In one of the varieties thus characterised the abdominal appendages are fringed with long hairs (fig. 20), and in the other they are smooth.

scholarly journals Cystic Renal Neoplasia Following Conditional Inactivation of Apc in Mouse Renal Tubular Epithelium

2004 ◽  
Vol 280 (5) ◽  
pp. 3938-3945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Nan Qian ◽  
Jared Knol ◽  
Peter Igarashi ◽  
Fangming Lin ◽  
Uko Zylstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Renal Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Conditional Inactivation ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Renal Neoplasia

Lead induced oxidative DNA damage in battery-recycling child workers from Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arif ◽  
MM Towhidul Islam ◽  
Hossain Uddin Shekhar
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Battery Recycling

Lead exposure can damage cells directly by effecting DNA or indirectly by modifying proteins and enzymes. In Bangladesh, many working children are exposed to a very high level of lead during their early life due to their involvement with lead-oriented professions. This imposes a severe threat to the growth and development of the children. Therefore to study the effect of lead, we enrolled 60 age-matched male children, from an area of old Dhaka city, where battery-recycling shops are located, depending on their blood lead concentration. If the children had a plasma lead concentration above the WHO recommended threshold level of 10 µg/dl, we grouped them as test subjects and others as control subjects to determine the effect of lead on different biochemical parameters of the body. Compared to the controls, acculumlation of the lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde, increased significantly in test subjects ( p < 0.01). Lead exposure also increased the protein carbonyl content ( p < 0.05) and significantly decreased the plasma glutathione levels of test subjects compared to the controls ( p < 0.05). While comparing the lead-exposed group against controls, it was found that the percentage of damaged DNA, as measured using the Comet assay, significantly increased in tail ( p < 0.01) and decreased in head regions. All of these results suggest that high-plasma lead content may induce an oxidative stress to the study population, which may lead to DNA damage.

IFITM proteins that restrict the early stages of respiratory virus infection do not influence late-stage replication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Meischel ◽  
Svenja Fritzlar ◽  
Fernando Villalon-Letelier ◽  
Melkamu B. Tessema ◽  
Andrew G. Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Cellular Entry ◽  
Overexpression System ◽  
Late Stages

Interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins inhibit a broad range of enveloped viruses by blocking entry into host cells. We used an inducible overexpression system to investigate if IFITM1, IFITM2 and IFITM3 could modulate early and/or late stages of influenza A virus (IAV) or parainfluenza virus (PIV)-3 infection in human A549 airway epithelial cells. IAV and PIV-3 represent respiratory viruses which utilise distinct cellular entry pathways. We verify entry by endocytosis for IAV, whereas PIV-3 infection was consistent with fusion at the plasma membrane. Following induction prior to infection, all three IFITM proteins restricted the percentage of IAV-infected cells at 8 hours post-infection. In contrast, prior induction of IFITM1 and IFITM2 did not inhibit PIV-3 infection, although a modest reduction was observed with IFITM3. siRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous IFITM1, IFITM2 and IFITM3 expression, in the presence or absence of pre-treatment with type I interferon, resulted in increased IAV, but not PIV-3, infection. This suggests that while all three IFITMs display antiviral activity against IAV, they do not restrict the early stages of PIV-3 infection. IAV and PIV-3 infection culminates in viral egress through budding at the plasma membrane. Inducible expression of IFITM1, IFITM2 or IFITM3 immediately after infection did not impact titres of infectious virus released from IAV or PIV-3 infected cells. Our findings show that IFITM proteins differentially restrict the early stages of infection of two respiratory viruses with distinct cellular entry pathways, but do not influence the late stages of replication for either virus. IMPORTANCE Interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins restrict the initial stages of infection for several respiratory viruses, however their potential to modulate the later stages of virus replication has not been explored. In this study we highlight the utility of an inducible overexpression system to assess the impact of IFITM proteins on either early or late stage replication of two respiratory viruses. We demonstrate antiviral activity by IFITM1, IFITM2 and IFITM3 against influenza A virus (IAV) but not parainfluenza virus (PIV)-3 during the early stages of cellular infection. Furthermore, IFITM induction following IAV or PIV-3 infection does not restrict the late stages of replication of either virus. Our findings show that IFITM proteins can differentially restrict the early stages of infection of two viruses with distinct cellular entry pathways, yet do not influence the late stages of replication for either virus.

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