scholarly journals The Influence of an Agricultural Subsidy Extension Program on Smallholder Maize Farmers in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Christopher Lameck ◽  
Kizito Mwanjombe ◽  
Scott Scheer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Agricultural Subsidy

Smallholder farming in Tanzania is a household activity implemented at the subsistence level. The government of Tanzania launched the subsidy program to promote food secure households and shift subsistence farming to business farming. Food insecurity was associated by low rates of fertilizer application and poor seed quality among smallholder farmers due to fertilizer and seed costs which led to an increase in food prices. This study aimed at assessing the impact of the agricultural subsidy program for smallholder maize farmers. Four research objectives focused on agricultural productivity, food security, usage of improved inputs, and farmers’ perceptions of how the program functioned. An ex post facto research design was used with a sample of 120 smallholder farmers. The investigation involved 60 farmers who received subsidies and 60 who did not. The study used an interviewer administered questionnaire. Farmers who received subsidies significantly increased maize production. Comparison of average output before and after subsides shows an increase in number of bags (100 kg) per acre from an average of 5.35 bags to 10.10 bags. Farmers who did not receive subsides produced about the same amount of maize at time one and time two. There was general satisfaction with the functioning of the program, however certain areas need to be improved including that program objectives are followed, ensuring farmers can manage market price of inputs, and enhancing extension services for farmers to produce more surplus

scholarly journals The Influence of an Agricultural Subsidy Extension Program on Smallholder Maize Farmers in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Christopher Lameck ◽  
Kizito Mwanjombe ◽  
Scott Scheer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Agricultural Subsidy

Smallholder farming in Tanzania is a household activity implemented at the subsistence level. The government of Tanzania launched the subsidy program to promote food secure households and shift subsistence farming to business farming. Food insecurity was associated by low rates of fertilizer application and poor seed quality among smallholder farmers due to fertilizer and seed costs which led to an increase in food prices. This study aimed at assessing the impact of the agricultural subsidy program for smallholder maize farmers. Four research objectives focused on agricultural productivity, food security, usage of improved inputs, and farmers’ perceptions of how the program functioned. An ex post facto research design was used with a sample of 120 smallholder farmers. The investigation involved 60 farmers who received subsidies and 60 who did not. The study used an interviewer administered questionnaire. Farmers who received subsidies significantly increased maize production. Comparison of average output before and after subsides shows an increase in number of bags (100 kg) per acre from an average of 5.35 bags to 10.10 bags. Farmers who did not receive subsides produced about the same amount of maize at time one and time two. There was general satisfaction with the functioning of the program, however certain areas need to be improved including that program objectives are followed, ensuring farmers can manage market price of inputs, and enhancing extension services for farmers to produce more surplus

scholarly journals The Impact of Renewable Energy Generation on the Spot Market Price in Germany: Ex-Post Analysis using Boosting Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ryota Keeley ◽  
Ken’ichi Matsumoto ◽  
Kenta Tanaka ◽  
Yogi Sugiawan ◽  
Shunsuke Managi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Spot Market ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Boosting Method ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ex Post Analysis

scholarly journals The Impact of Renewable Energy Generation on the Spot Market Price in Germany: Ex-Post Analysis using Boosting Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ryota Keeley ◽  
Ken’ichi Matsumoto ◽  
Kenta Tanaka ◽  
Yogi Sugiawan ◽  
Shunsuke Managi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Spot Market ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Boosting Method ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ex Post Analysis

scholarly journals Post-NAFTA Changes in Peasant Land Use—The Case of the Pátzcuaro Lake Watershed Region in the Central-West México

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Astier ◽  
Quetzalcóatl Orozco-Ramírez ◽  
Robert Walker ◽  
Yankuic Galván-Miyoshi ◽  
Carlos González-Esquivel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
The Impact

Rural life in México has changed drastically over the past several decades in the wake of structural reforms in the 1980s and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) implemented in 1994. Researchers predicted dire consequences for smallholder farmers following trade liberalization and in certain respects the prophecies have been fulfilled. Indeed, many regions experienced significant out-migration as smallholders, unable to compete with global maize imports without price subsidies, sold or abandoned their lands, making way for the expansion of industrial agriculture into forests, secondary vegetation and primary crops. Nevertheless, many smallholders have adapted to the new economic environment with farming systems that manage risk by diversifying portfolios to incorporate commercialized maize and livestock production. This article examines the evolution of smallholder farming systems since the mid 1980s, when the impact of neoliberal reforms emerged, using data collected from field research on 130 smallholder farms in the Pátzcuaro Lake Watershed (PLW) in the State of Michoacán. Farmers in the PLW have been characterized as traditional peasant farmers, planting crops for subsistence, including a diverse array of domestic maize varieties and practicing limited animal husbandry with chickens, turkeys, pigs, an oxen and a cow or two for milk. But the results presented in this article show that the traditional peasant farming systems in the region have changed substantially to a highly diversified agriculture-cattle-forest system. Most notable changes include the use of fertilizers and pesticides; and the increase in livestock herd and reorientation to beef production. The results demonstrate the resilience of smallholder farmers, while at the same time raising potential concern that increased reliance on livestock and beef production specialization, might lead to shifts in farming systems that replace domestic maize varieties with hybrid corn used primarily for animal feed and thereby leaving vulnerable the genetic reservoir of traditional maize landraces.

The impact of best practice health and husbandry interventions on smallholder cattle productivity in southern Cambodia

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Young ◽  
L. Rast ◽  
S. Suon ◽  
R. D. Bush ◽  
L. A. Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farmer Knowledge ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
The Impact

Future food security has become a major global concern and is particularly important in the Greater Mekong Subregion where several countries have seen rapid urban economic development and increasing demand for red meat. In Cambodia, the majority of livestock producers are subsistence or semi-subsistence rural smallholder farmers using cattle as a source of protein, fertiliser, draught power, and asset storage. Potential income from smallholder cattle is limited by a range of factors that compromise productivity, including endemic diseases, poor nutrition, and lack of knowledge of husbandry techniques and marketing practices. To address the developing opportunities to improve rural incomes from cattle production in Cambodia, a 4-year longitudinal study was conducted to examine ‘best practice’ interventions that could improve productivity and profitability of cattle within smallholder farming systems. The study involved six villages from three provinces, with two villages in each of the provinces of Takeo, Kandal and Kampong Cham paired and designated as either high intervention (HI) or low intervention (LI). A best practice intervention program was introduced to the HI villages to develop the husbandry skills of farmers, including implementation of forage technology, disease prevention through vaccination for foot-and-mouth disease and haemorrhagic septicaemia, deworming, and education in nutrition, biosecurity, disease control, and marketing. Between April 2008 and February 2012, eight repeat-measures capturing data on animal health and production, including cattle weights used to evaluate the impact of interventions on average daily gains, were completed. Cattle in HI villages had significantly (P < 0.01) higher mean liveweight during the last three sampling periods, and average daily gains were 2.4 times higher than in cattle of the LI villages. This study provides evidence that best practice interventions resulted in improved cattle productivity, farmer knowledge and positive impacts on household income over time, offering a pathway that can address food security concerns and more rapidly alleviate rural poverty in the GMS.

Global Food Commodity Prices and Domestic Food Inflation: Some Insights from Morocco

New Medit ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed EL GHIN ◽  
Mounir EL-KARIMI
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate Regime ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Floating Exchange Rate ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Food Inflation ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Domestic Food

This paper examines the world commodity prices pass-through to food inflation in Morocco, over the period 2004-2018, by using Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) model on monthly data. Several interesting results are found from this study. First, the impact of global food prices on domestic food inflation is shown significant, which reflects the large imported component in the domestic food consumption basket. Second, the transmission effect is found to vary across commodities. Consumer prices of cereals and oils significantly and positively respond to external price shocks, while those of dairy and beverages are weakly influenced. Third, there is evidence of asymmetries in the pass-through from world to domestic food prices, where external positive shocks generate a stronger local prices response than negative ones. This situation is indicative of policy and market distortions, namely the subsidies, price controls, and weak competitive market structures. Our findings suggest that food price movements should require much attention in monetary policymaking, especially that the country has taken preliminary steps towards the adoption of floating exchange rate regime.

Effect of Nanobionics in crop production- A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinayak Fasake ◽  
Nita Patil ◽  
Zoya Javed ◽  
Mansi Mishra ◽  
Gyan Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
New Era ◽  
Mineral Toxicity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Favourable Situation ◽  
Unique Chemical ◽  
Macro Nutrients

: Nanobionics involves the improvement of plant or plant productivity using nanomaterials. Growth of a plant from a seed encompasses various factors which are directly or indirectly dependent upon the imbibition of micro and macro nutrients and vital elements from the soil. Since most of the nutrition is physiologically unavailable to the plants, it leads to mineral deficiencies in plant and mineral toxicity in soil. Either ways, it is not a favourable situation for the microcosom. The new era of nanotechnology offers a potential solution to the availability of the nutrients to the plants due to its unique chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles. Positive and negative impact of these nanoparticles on seed quality and plant growth varies according to the specific properties of nanoparticles. The present review is an attempt to summarize the impact of nanobionics in agriculture.

Food, Water and the Consequences of Society Not Valuing the Environment

2019 ◽  
pp. 858-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Allan
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food System ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
The Political ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
The Impact

The first purpose of this chapter is to highlight the impact of the food system on environmental and human health. The delivery of secure affordable food is a political imperative. Unfortunately, the food system that delivers it is environmentally blind. Food prices do not effectively reflect the value of food and often seriously mislead on the costs and impacts of food production. For example, actual food production takes place in a failed market—the value of environmental services such as water and the supporting ecosystems are not taken into account. The second purpose is to summarize and expose the political economy of the different ‘market’ modes of the food system. It is shown that there are weak players such as underrewarded and undervalued farmers who support society by producing food and stewarding our unvalued environment. The inadequacies of accounting systems are also critiqued.

scholarly journals Precision Agriculture for Resource Use Efficiency in Smallholder Farming Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Cecilia M. Onyango ◽  
Justine M. Nyaga ◽  
Johanna Wetterlind ◽  
Mats Söderström ◽  
Kristin Piikki
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
English Language ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Sub Saharan

Opportunities exist for adoption of precision agriculture technologies in all parts of the world. The form of precision agriculture may vary from region to region depending on technologies available, knowledge levels and mindsets. The current review examined research articles in the English language on precision agriculture practices for increased productivity among smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa. A total of 7715 articles were retrieved and after screening 128 were reviewed. The results indicate that a number of precision agriculture technologies have been tested under SSA conditions and show promising results. The most promising precision agriculture technologies identified were the use of soil and plant sensors for nutrient and water management, as well as use of satellite imagery, GIS and crop-soil simulation models for site-specific management. These technologies have been shown to be crucial in attainment of appropriate management strategies in terms of efficiency and effectiveness of resource use in SSA. These technologies are important in supporting sustainable agricultural development. Most of these technologies are, however, at the experimental stage, with only South Africa having applied them mainly in large-scale commercial farms. It is concluded that increased precision in input and management practices among SSA smallholder farmers can significantly improve productivity even without extra use of inputs.

scholarly journals Land Policy and Food Prices: Evidence from a Land Consolidation Program in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Aimable Nsabimana ◽  
Fidele Niyitanga ◽  
Dave D. Weatherspoon ◽  
Anwar Naseem
Keyword(s):  
Food Prices ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Land Consolidation ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
White Potato ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Price Differences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Rwanda’s “Crop Intensification Program (CIP)” is primarily a land consolidation program aimed at improving agricultural productivity and food security. The program, which began in 2007, focuses on monocropping and commercialization of six priority crops: maize, wheat, rice, white potato, beans, and cassava. CIP has facilitated easy access to improved seed stocks, fertilizer, extension services, and postharvest handling and storage services. Although studies have documented the impact of CIP on changes in farm yield, incomes, and productivity, less is known about its impact on food prices. In this study, we examine the crop-food price differences in intensive monocropped CIP and non-intensive monocropped CIP zones in Rwanda. Specifically, the study evaluates price variations of beans and maize along with complementary food crops in intensive and non-intensive monocropped zones before and after the introduction of the CIP policy. We find that the CIP policy is not associated with differences in CIP crop prices between the intensive and non-intensive monocropped zones. Over time, prices increased for CIP crops but generally, the crop prices in the two zones were cointegrated. Prices for non-CIP crops in the two different zones did show price differentials prior to the implementation of CIP, with the prices in intensive monocropped zones being greater than in the non-intensive monocropped zones. Moreover, the prices in intensive areas are cointegrated with prices in non-intensive areas for maize and beans and these prices are converging. This indicates that farmers who intensively produced one CIP crop were able to go to the market and purchase other food crops and that price differences between zones have decreased over time, potentially making the CIP intensive farmers better off.

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