Travel Writing, Literature, and Romance: Polixéna Wesselényi’s Travels in Italy and Switzerland

Polixéna Wesselényi’s Travels in Italy and Switzerland, the first travel narrative that was written by a woman in Hungary and Transylvania, is a work little known to the wider international public, as it was published in Hungarian in 1842, seven years after her tour. There are few travel narratives written by East-Central European women in the first half of the nineteenth century. This essay attempts to reflect upon Wesselényi’s personal motives, her intellect and literary craftsmanship, as well as the cultural constraints she had to encounter. The romantic nature of the relationship between Wesselényi, a married woman, and the fellow travel writer John Paget, is also mirrored by the text. Travels in Italy and Switzerland not only offers an insight into the relatively favourable situation of Transylvanian women of the aristocracy in the 1830s but also shows that it had the power to inspire the works of celebrated Hungarian novelists after its publication. Although Wesselényi’s style conforms to the picturesque and sentimental travel writing published by European women in the period, it justly demands a place for itself on the list of distinguished nineteenth-century European travel writing by women.

Insights into the antibiotic resistance in Biofilms – A Review

The biofilms comprise a population of bacteria with a varying variety of polysaccharides, proteins and DNA. Bacterial multi-phase defence consists of low antibiotic absorption, sluggish replication in the biofilm, and adaptive stress response. This antibiotic resistance produced by biofilm makes it challenging to deal with bacteria with effective antibiotic dosages in planktonic forms. A crucial component in the virulent colonisation of live tissues or medical equipment is having favourable situation for bacteria to create biofilms. The high level of recalcitrance in biofilm populations is due to several molecular pathways. As the stock of effective antibiotics is depleting, bacterial resistance is becoming an increasing risk to public health. As a result, new antibiotics are urgently needed. This review includes current empirical findings related to antibiotic resistance in biofilms and summarises the biofilm resistance and tolerance mechanisms.

Enfoque de tarjeta de puntuación para medir la sostenibilidad de cooperativas seleccionadas en la zona de West Shoa, estado regional de Oromia, Etiopía

The present paper analyzed the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of cooperatives sustainability and examined the sustainability oriented competitive strategies adopted by sample cooperatives. Field survey method will be followed. Multi-stage sampling method was adopted to select study area, cooperatives and respondents. Six cooperatives and by adopting PPS 100 members were selected. The sustainability score card approach advocated by Measuring Cooperative Difference Research Network (MDCRN), Canada and Morris Inequality Index were used. The result shows that the agricultural cooperatives do have better position with economic sustainability, to some extent social sustainability, but they do not have favourable situation in environmental sustainability so that the cooperatives are located at moderate and low level of sustainability condition. With regard to comprehensive cooperative sustainability the same result is seen among sampled cooperatives. Sustainability level and ranking are in consonance with the strategies they adopted and right strategy at right time effectively is advocated.

Destinasi Mice: Kota Depok Sebagai Destinasi Alternatif Mice di Jawa Barat

This study aims to map the existing conditions of MICE (Meeting, Incentive, Convention, Exhibition) destinations in Depok City, analyse the attributes of MICE destinations in Depok City as an alternative to MICE destinations in West Java, and formulate a strategy for developing MICE destinations in Depok City in West Java. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with field data surveys or direct observation to the city of Depok. As well as interviews with EOs, hotels, malls, and the Department of Youth, Sports, Culture and Tourism. The results obtained from the MICE destination components have been fulfilled, all of which only need improvement from the aspects of MICE accessibility, MICE attractions and HR. Meanwhile, the attributes of MICE destinations in Depok City as an alternative MICE destination in West Java have been fulfilled. Everything needs to improve accessibility, extra opportunities, information, meetings, accommodation facilities and meeting facilities. Based on calculations using the SWOT approach, the City of Depok as an alternative destination for MICE in West Java is in the quadrant I position. This shows a very favourable situation for Depok City to carry out aggressive growth/growth. Then the results of the IFE and EFE get the value of strength and opportunity (SO) 5.51, strength and threat (ST) 3.16, weakness and opportunity (WO) 2.9, and weakness and threat (WT) 0, 55. The strategy that has the highest value is SO 5.51.

Is the European Union Making Progress on Energy Decarbonisation While Moving towards Sustainable Development?

Three-quarters of global greenhouse gas emissions come from burning fossil fuels for energy. To confront climate change, the world must move away from fossil fuels and decarbonise its energy systems. In the light of European Union documents, decarbonisation signifies the elimination of CO2 emissions on account of their harmfulness to the environment. The European Union is planning that by 2030, these emissions will be 40% lower in comparison to 1990. A fundamental query arises here: do the achievements of EU countries give cause for optimism in this regard? The aim of the study is an attempt to determine the tendency of changes concerning energy decarbonisation as well as to distinguish typological groups of bodies (EU countries) with similar dynamics in the researched phenomenon. Trend functions and the distance matrices of the growth rate of the researched phenomenon were used for the dynamic classification. The conducted research confirmed that EU countries indicate spatial differentiation in terms of CO2 emissions. It is related to the general socio-economic development of countries, their level of industrialisation, the quality of their natural environment, their degree of urbanisation, etc. The most favourable situation, in terms of the analysed phenomenon, i.e., the largest average decrease in CO2 per capita in the analysed period, was characteristic of Ireland, Greece, and Cyprus. On the other hand, an adverse situation relating to an increase in the indicator occurred in five EU countries, specifically in Luxembourg and Lithuania.

Integrative model of behavioural intention: the influence of environmental concern and condition factors on food waste separation

PurposeThis paper positions environmental concern as the antecedent of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. It also sets to expand the theory of planned behaviour by including two condition factors: favourable situation and facility availability on the intention to separate food waste at source.Design/methodology/approachThe study collects data by using self-administered questionnaires on 682 respondents in Malaysia. Structural equation modelling is employed to test the conceptual model and the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe results show that environmental concern positively influences attitude and subjective norms, which, in turn, influences food waste separation intention. Favourable situation and facility availability are found to influence the separation intention.Originality/valueThis study is one of the earliest studies to investigate residents’ intention to participate in food waste separation at a source that employs the expanded theory of planned behaviour with environmental concern and condition factors.

mirada al Japón de principios del siglo XVII a través de los manuscritos de Rodrigo de Vivero y Sebastián Vizcaíno

Durante la presencia española en el sudeste asiático se mantuvieron contactos con otros países de su entorno. Uno de ellos fue Japón. El archipiélago nipón cambió de dirigente tras la batalla de Sekigahara (1600), estableciéndose tras ella una nueva dinastía que dirigiría al país hasta 1868, la familia Tokugawa. En los primeros años de este gobierno las relaciones con los españoles (y con los extranjeros en general) fueron cambiantes, pasando de una situación favorable a terminar rompiéndose. Es en esos primeros años se hallan Rodrigo de Vivero (1564-1636) y Sebastián Vizcaíno (1547/1548-1627). Ambos personajes se entrevistaron tanto con Ieyasu como con Hidetada Tokuwaga. Vivero estuvo en Japón poco antes de que las relaciones entre ambas potencias se rompiesen; por su parte, Vizcaíno las vivió en primera persona. De sus estancias quedaron sus percepciones del país nipón recogidas en dos Relaciones manuscritas. El objetivo que aquí se persigue es analizar y exponer ordenadamente los datos extraídos de sus manuscritos acerca de las costumbres de los japoneses, su arte, su arquitectura, su estructura social, etc. desde el punto de vista de dos personajes que a diferencia de los misioneros no se involucraron en la sociedad japonesa. Palabras clave: Rodrigo de Vivero, Sebastián Vizcaíno, Japón, Tokugawa, Nueva España, Filipinas. Abstract During the Spanish presence in Southeaster Asia, contacts were maintained with other neighboring countries. One of them was Japan. The Japanese archipelago changed its leadership after the Battle of Sekigahara (1600), establishing a new dynasty after it that would lead the country until 1868, the Tokugawa family. In the first years of this government relations with the Spanish (and with foreigners in general) were changing, going from a favourable situation to breaking up. It is in those early years that Rodrigo de Vivero (1564-1636) and Sebastián Vizcaíno (1547 / 1548-1627) is found. Both characters interviewed both Ieyasu and Hidetada Tokuwaga. Vivero was in Japan shortly before relations between the two powers were broken; for his part, Vizcaíno lived that in the first person. From his stays remained his perceptions of the Japanese country collected in two manuscript Narrations. The objective pursued here is to analyze and orderly expose the data extracted from his manuscripts about the customs of the Japanese, their art, their architecture, their social structure, etc. from the point of view of two characters who, unlike the missionaries, were not involved in Japanese society. Key words: Rodrigo de Vivero, Sebastián Vizcaíno, Namban, Iberian century, Japan, Tokugawa, New Spain, Philippines.

Public Procurement of the Healthcare: the Supplier’s Role in the Hospital Work

The research is devoted to the suppliers influence on hospital work on the example of Moscow public procurement in hospitals. An agency model defining the hospital interaction stages with suppliers were constructed. Using the descriptive statistics method and graphical data analysis, procurement was considered with the author’s database including 512 681 contracts of 1,2 trillion rubles for 2011-2019. The supplier’s work strategies and their fallouts for the services were emphasized. The criteria the suppliers must have to the contract execution were developed. The hypothesis was tested that suppliers selected in a competitive way ensure the effective procurement for hospitals. The empirical analysis showed that drug procurement had a strong competition at auctions and budget savings. The findings concluded that the suppliers play various roles in hospital work. The favourable situation is that the supplier fulfills the contract delivering quality procurement at an affordable price, in full and due time.

The Mortality Structure of Populations the Demographic and Socio-Economic Situation in European Union Countries: Development and Differentiation in the Period 2011–2014

The purpose of the study is to compare the differentiation of the demographic and socio-economic indicators and the structure of mortality of the population in EU countries in the period 2011–2014. The composite indicator of mortality structure revealed the most favourable situation in Finland (134.4%), while the worst situation was found in Hungary (63.8%). The best demographic and socio-economic situation was found in Luxembourg (165.4%) and the worst in Hungary (64.9%), Greece (65.9%) or Lithuania (67.3%). The regression model equation shows that the mortality structure is strongly affected by the variables of life expectancy at birth and education. It is evident that there was a differentiation in the demographic and socio-economic indicators in EU countries in the period 2011–2014, while there was no unambiguous trend of the convergence of the mortality structure among EU countries.

Effect of Nanobionics in crop production- A Review

: Nanobionics involves the improvement of plant or plant productivity using nanomaterials. Growth of a plant from a seed encompasses various factors which are directly or indirectly dependent upon the imbibition of micro and macro nutrients and vital elements from the soil. Since most of the nutrition is physiologically unavailable to the plants, it leads to mineral deficiencies in plant and mineral toxicity in soil. Either ways, it is not a favourable situation for the microcosom. The new era of nanotechnology offers a potential solution to the availability of the nutrients to the plants due to its unique chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles. Positive and negative impact of these nanoparticles on seed quality and plant growth varies according to the specific properties of nanoparticles. The present review is an attempt to summarize the impact of nanobionics in agriculture.