scholarly journals Ecological total merit index for an Austrian dual purpose cattle breed

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Baumung ◽  
J. Sölkner ◽  
E. Gierzinger ◽  
A. Willam
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Organic farming plays a considerable role in Austrian agriculture. Therefore it seems to be worthwhile to make suggestions about a more ecological breeding goal for cattle breeds. Because of the fact that Simmental is the most frequent dual purpose cattle breed in Austria, this breed is chosen to show the impact of selection under an ecological total merit index. With model calculations the effect on selection response in milk production beef production and functional traits under selection with the current economic total merit index and more ecological index variants, e.g. with higher economic values for fitness and functional traits, is shown. As a basis for future decisions the efficiency of more or less ecological indices is compared. The results indicate that an increase of the current economic values of functional traits of about 50 percent does not present a great risk, expected selection responses for milk production traits are still high.

scholarly journals  Impact of economic parameters on economic values in dairy sheep

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Krupová ◽  
E. Krupa ◽  
M. Wolfová
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
The Impact

The impact of variation in economic conditions on the economic values of fourteen production and functional traits was examined for the Improved Valachian breed using a bio-economic model implemented in the ECOWEIGHT software. The following economic parameters were investigated: market prices of lambs, milk, and cheese (variation ± 40%), costs for roughage, concentrates, and total feeding rations , costs for labour and veterinary care, fixed costs (variation ± 20% for all costs), and discount rate of revenues and costs (0 and 3%). Results of the analyses were presented in detail for the marginal and relative economic values of the four most important traits: milk yield in the 150-day milking period, conception rate of ewes, litter size per lambed ewe, and productive lifetime of ewes. Furthermore, cumulative relative economic values of the four trait complexes – milk production, growth, functional, and wool traits – were presented. Prices for sheep products were found to be the most important factor for both the marginal and the relative economic values of the evaluated traits. The four traits with the highest relative economic values in the base calculation stayed the most important for all investigated economic parameters ranges. The relative economic values of the remaining 10 traits did not exceed 6.1%. The relative economic values of milk yield and litter size were the most sensitive to the variation in economic circumstances. For the investigated range of economic parameters, the relative economic value for the complex of milk production traits ranged 30.6–48.1%, for growth traits 6.3–9.4%, and that for functional traits 45.4–59.7%. The relative economic value for the wool trait did not exceed 0.3%.

Efficiency of nucleus breeding schemes in dual-purpose cattle of Tanzania

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Kasonta ◽  
G. Nitter
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
Total Profit ◽  
Breeding Schemes

ABSTRACTFor the Mpwapwa cattle breed in Tanzania, the efficiency of various breeding schemes including an open nucleus was investigated by model calculations. Artificial insemination and intensive recording of production are assumed to be applied in a nucleus which is the main breeding unit. As a pre-nucleus, associated herds with less intense data recording serve as the basis to screen superior cows for nucleus replacements, provide the capacity for progeny testing, and operate as bull multipliers for commercial herds.The criteria of efficiency were genetic gain and profit from selection for a dual purpose breeding objective (milk and beef) in a total population of 10 000 cows. Introducing a two breeding tier scheme through separating all recorded cows into a nucleus and pre-nucleus leads to an increase of the genetic gain rather than the profit. Further improvement is obtained by introduction of artificial insemination in pre-nucleus herds. The nucleus size should not exceed about 5% of the cow population and an optimum size of the pre-nucleus is about 15%. Opening the nucleus to replacement cows coming from the pre-nucleus affects the aggregate genetic gain very little although it can be recommended if milk yield is to be mainly improved or if the total profit is taken into account. Furthermore, the nucleus should be opened if there is little difference between the heritabilities in the nucleus and pre-nucleus and also in order to avoid detrimental effects of inbreeding and genotype × environment interaction.

scholarly journals Genetic relationship between type traits, number of lactations initiated, and lifetime milk performance in Czech Fleckvieh cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 501-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Novotný ◽  
J. Frelich ◽  
J. Beran ◽  
L. Zavadilová
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Lifetime Performance ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Milk Performance

Genetic relationship was analyzed between type traits and longevity measures in dual-purpose cattle. Data from 91 486 Czech Fleckvieh cows first calved between 2003 and 2009 were used. Longevity was defined as the actual number of lactations initiated per cow and also as functional longevity, which incorporated an adjustment to account for variation in voluntary culling based upon milk production. Lifetime performance was defined as cumulative milk production through the 6<sup>th</sup> parity. All cows were scored for conformation traits during their first lactation. Genetic correlations between these traits and longevity measures were estimated by bivariate analysis using the DMU variance component program package. Type trait heritabilities ranged from 0.30 to 0.59, while heritabilities for longevity and functional longevity were 0.06 and 0.05, respectively. Heritability of lifetime performance was 0.08. Genetic correlations between type traits and longevity measures ranged from low to intermediate values. Genetic correlations of the measured body size traits to the real and functional longevity ranged from –0.06 to –0.29, for udder traits from –0.02 to 0.33, and for foot and leg traits from –0.03 to 0.17. Genetic correlations between the measured body size traits and lifetime performance ranged from –0.03 to –0.30, for udder traits from 0.05 to 0.47, for foot and leg traits from –0.07 to 0.15. Genetic correlations of composite trait scores for frame, muscularity, feet and legs, and udder with longevity traits ranged from –0.20 to 0.41 and for lifetime performance –0.14 to 0.51. The highest genetic correlations between a type trait and functional longevity were for composite udder score (0.25), feet and legs (0.26), and udder depth (0.33), suggesting that these traits could serve as indicators of functional longevity. We conclude that selection based upon easily and inexpensively measured type traits could improve functional longevity of cows as well as lifetime milk production.

scholarly journals To the question of evaluating the efficiency of linear breeding in Simmental cattle breed different origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 (6) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
L. Ignat'eva ◽  
A. Konte ◽  
A. Sermyagin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
Simmental Cattle ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The purpose of the research – to study the impact of related foreign pedigree resources on the Russian population of Simmental cattle. Research Methods. Studies carried out on cows of Simmental breed of different linear origin and genotypes in five regions of Russian Federation: Voronezh, Oryol, Kursk, Belgorod regions and Altayskiy krai, the total number was 35147 cows. EBV estimates were calculated through RENUMF 90, REMLF 90 and BLUPF 90 programs. Evaluation of the components of the variants of genetic and paratypical nature was carried out using the method restricted maximum likelihood – REML. Results. It is established that the largest share for animals foreign origin are 60.7 %, including German-Austrian bloodlines 46.6 % and Holsteins – 14.1 %. 39.3 % of animals are the Russian origin, which 13.5 % representatives of German-Austrian bloodlines, 17.8 % are Holsteins and 8.0 % are from domestic (Russian) bloodlines. In the general population of Simmental breed, the best productivity was shown by cows of German-Austrian bloodlines at the level of 5351 kg of milk with fat percentage 4.00 % and protein percentage 3.19 %. Representatives of German-Austrian bloodlines origin for milk yield showed the estimated breeding value (EBV) for Simmental bulls in the common population by +9.2 kg and fat percentage by +0.012 %. The negative EBV values were obtained for Russian bloodlines by –22.8 kg, and Holstein bloodlines took an intermediate position among all lines (+2.3 kg). The first calving cows, which were in the herd at the time of research, the best milk production traits were found in individuals of foreign origin, both for Holstein (6096 kg of milk with a fat content of 3.96 % and protein 3.23 %), and German-Austrian bloodlines (milk yield 5763 kg, fat 4.04 % and protein 3.19 %), with high estimates of breeding value for milk yield +33.3 kg and +15.2 kg, respectively. Low values of milk productivity among all evaluated animals were observed for animals of Russian bloodlines by 4469 kg milk 3.87 % fat and 3.20 % protein in milk. The first calving cows of Russian origin in foreign bloodlines origin exceeded their peers in Russian Simmental bloodlines in milk production by +608 kg of milk and +0.15 % fat (signed to German-Austrian bloodlines) and +924 kg and +0.06 % fat (signed to Holstein bloodlines). The average values of EBV in these lines, although had low values by –5.6 kg milk for Holstein and by +2.7 kg milk for German-Austrian bloodlines, but was significantly higher than for Russian lines by –12.7 kg milk. Scientific novelty. For the first time, scientific research aimed at improving the system of prediction to breeding abilities of bulls on dairy productivity of daughters based on optimization structure of equations of the mixed model (BLUP, the best linear unbiased prediction) has been carried out for the population Simmental cattle of Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Economic values for evaluating pasture plant traits

2012 ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.F. Chapman ◽  
J.R. Bryant ◽  
W.H. Mcmillan ◽  
E.N. Khaembah
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
The Impact

Economic values (EVs) are an estimate of the change in farm system profit per unit of change in a defined plant trait. Cultivars within species such as perennial ryegrass differ in the major production traits of dry matter yield, nutritive value and persistence, but the impact of those differences on farm financial performance is seldom calculated and reported. This paper explains what EVs are, describes how they can be calculated, and discusses some of the associated methodological issues. EVs have been derived for seasonal dry matter yield in New Zealand dairy systems. Extra feed produced in late spring has consistently low economic value, while extra feed produced in early spring has consistently high value. There have been no systematic investigations into the EVs of nutritive value and persistence in New Zealand pastures; this is a clear opportunity for future research. The lack of data on cultivar differences in these traits will restrict the application of EVs to pasture cultivar evaluation. This gap is now being addressed by new industry initiatives. Keywords: pasture cultivars, evaluation, traits, economic values, performance values

scholarly journals Genomic Loci Affecting Milk Production in German Black Pied Cattle (DSN)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Korkuć ◽  
Danny Arends ◽  
Katharina May ◽  
Sven König ◽  
Gudrun A. Brockmann
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Reproduction Traits

German Black Pied cattle (DSN) is an endangered population of about 2,550 dual-purpose cattle in Germany. Having a milk yield of about 2,500 kg less than the predominant dairy breed Holstein, the preservation of DSN is supported by the German government and the EU. The identification of the genomic loci affecting milk production in DSN can provide a basis for selection decisions for genetic improvement of DSN in order to increase market chances through the improvement of milk yield. A genome-wide association analysis of 30 milk traits was conducted in different lactation periods and numbers. Association using multiple linear regression models in R was performed on 1,490 DSN cattle genotyped with BovineSNP50 SNP-chip. 41 significant and 20 suggestive SNPs affecting milk production traits in DSN were identified, as well as 15 additional SNPs for protein content which are less reliable due to high inflation. The most significant effects on milk yield in DSN were detected on chromosomes 1, 6, and 20. The region on chromosome 6 was located nearby the casein gene cluster and the corresponding haplotype overlapped the CSN3 gene (casein kappa). Associations for fat and protein yield and content were also detected. High correlation between traits of the same lactation period or number led to some SNPs being significant for multiple investigated traits. Half of all identified SNPs have been reported in other studies, previously. 15 SNPs were associated with the same traits in other breeds. The other associated SNPs have been reported previously for traits such as exterior, health, meat and carcass, production, and reproduction traits. No association could be detected between DGAT1 and other known milk genes with milk production traits despite the close relationship between DSN and Holstein. The results of this study confirmed that many SNPs identified in other breeds as associated with milk traits also affect milk traits in dual-purpose DSN cattle and can be used for further genetic analysis to identify genes and causal variants that affect milk production in DSN cattle.

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